Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS): Análisis PESTLE [Actualizado en Ene-2025]

En el mundo dinámico del envío marítimo global, Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) navega por un complejo panorama de desafíos y oportunidades. Desde las tensiones geopolíticas que interrumpen las rutas comerciales hasta el impulso implacable para tecnologías sostenibles, este análisis integral de mano presenta la intrincada red de factores que configuran las decisiones estratégicas de la compañía. Sumérgete en una exploración matizada de cómo las fuerzas políticas, económicas, sociológicas, tecnológicas, legales y ambientales convergen para definir el futuro de la industria marítima, con Globus Maritime limitado al frente de la innovación y la adaptación.

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - Análisis de mortero: factores políticos

Impacto en las regulaciones marítimas internacionales

A partir de 2024, la Organización Marítima Internacional (IMO) ha implementado regulaciones estrictas que afectan las operaciones de envío:

Regulación	Requisito de cumplimiento	Fecha de implementación
IMO 2020 Capo de azufre	0,5% de contenido de azufre en combustibles marinos	1 de enero de 2020
EEXI (índice de barco existente en eficiencia energética)	Reducción obligatoria de intensidad de carbono	1 de enero de 2023

Tensiones geopolíticas que afectan el comercio marítimo

Desafíos geopolíticos actuales que afectan las rutas de envío marítimo:

• Disrupciones de envío del Mar Rojo debido a ataques Houthi: reducción del 30% en el tráfico del Canal de Suez
• Conflicto de Rusia-Ucrania: alteraciones significativas de la ruta comercial marítima
• Disputas territoriales del Mar del Sur de China: aumento de los riesgos de seguridad marítima

Restricciones y sanciones comerciales

Tipo de sanción	Regiones afectadas	Impacto potencial en el envío
Sanciones estadounidenses a las entidades marítimas rusas	Rusia	Prohibición completa de las operaciones de embarcaciones rusas
Restricciones comerciales marítimas de la UE	Irán, Corea del Norte	Limitaciones integrales de comercio y envío

Políticas marítimas del gobierno

Influencias clave de la política marítima en las operaciones de los buques:

• Requisitos de registro marítimo griego: Estándares de edad y ambientales estrictos de la embarcación
• Código de gestión de seguridad internacional (ISM) Código de cumplimiento obligatorio
• Seguimiento obligatorio del Sistema de Identificación Automática (AIS) para todos los buques de más de 300 GT

Impacto financiero de los factores políticos:

Costo de cumplimiento	Gastos anuales estimados
Actualizaciones de cumplimiento regulatorio	$ 1.2 millones por barco
Costos de redirio debido a tensiones geopolíticas	Aproximadamente $ 500,000 por viaje

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - Análisis de mortero: factores económicos

Mercado de envío global volátil con tarifas fluctuantes de carga

A partir del cuarto trimestre de 2023, el índice de secado báltico (BDI) oscilaba entre 1,200 y 2.500 puntos, lo que indica una volatilidad significativa del mercado. La flota de 7 transportistas a granel seco de Globus Maritime Limited experimenta directamente estas fluctuaciones del mercado.

Año	Tasas de flete promedio (USD/tonelada)	Índice de volatilidad del mercado
2022	18.75	2.3
2023	15.60	2.7
2024 (proyectado)	16.25	2.5

Sensibilidad a los ciclos económicos globales y los volúmenes de comercio internacional

Impacto del volumen comercial global: En 2023, el comercio marítimo internacional experimentó un crecimiento del 0.8%, influyendo directamente en las fuentes de ingresos de Globus Maritime.

Indicador económico	Valor 2022	Valor 2023
Volumen comercial global (mil millones de dólares)	23.4	23.6
Carga a granel seca transportada (millones de toneladas)	1,345	1,356

Volatilidad del precio del combustible

Los precios del combustible marino (IFO 380) promediaron $ 452 por tonelada métrica en 2023, afectando directamente los gastos operativos.

Tipo de combustible	2022 Precio promedio	2023 Precio promedio	Cambio porcentual
Combustible marino (IFO 380)	$ 436/mt	$ 452/mt	3.7%
Petróleo de gas marino	$ 732/mt	$ 756/mt	3.3%

Fluctuaciones del tipo de cambio de divisas

La volatilidad del tipo de cambio de USD/EUR afecta directamente el desempeño financiero de Globus Maritime.

Pareja	Tasa promedio de 2022	Tasa promedio de 2023	Índice de volatilidad
USD/EUR	1.05	1.08	0.75
USD/GBP	0.81	0.79	0.62

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - Análisis de mortero: factores sociales

Aumento de la demanda de prácticas de envío sostenibles y ambientalmente responsables

Según la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI), el envío marítimo representa aproximadamente el 2.89% de las emisiones mundiales de gases de efecto invernadero. La industria marítima tiene como objetivo reducir las emisiones de CO2 en un 40% para 2030 y 70% para 2050.

Año	Emisiones mundiales de CO2 marítimos (millones de toneladas)	Objetivo de reducción
2020	1,056	Base
2030	633.6	Reducción del 40%
2050	316.8	70% de reducción

Conciencia creciente de la huella de carbono de la industria marítima

El sector marítimo genera aproximadamente mil millones de toneladas métricas de CO2 anualmente, lo que representa el 2.5% de las emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero.

Fuente de emisión	Porcentaje de emisiones marítimas totales
Transportista a granel	34%
Barcos de contenedores	24%
Petroleros	21%
Otros tipos de recipientes	21%

Desafíos de la fuerza laboral en el reclutamiento de profesionales marítimos calificados

La fuerza laboral marítima global enfrenta una escasez de habilidades significativas. Para 2025, se prevé que la industria necesite aproximadamente 89,510 oficiales marítimos adicionales.

Profesión marítima	Fuerza laboral actual	Escasez proyectada para 2025
Oficiales marítimos	624,000	89,510
Ingenieros marinos	215,000	35,200

Cambiar las preferencias del consumidor para soluciones de transporte ecológicas

El tamaño global del mercado de envío sostenible se valoró en $ 10.9 mil millones en 2022 y se espera que alcance los $ 23.5 mil millones para 2030, con una tasa compuesta anual del 10.1%.

Año	Tamaño del mercado de envío sostenible	Índice de crecimiento
2022	$ 10.9 mil millones	Base
2030	$ 23.5 mil millones	10.1% CAGR

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - Análisis de mortero: factores tecnológicos

Adopción de tecnologías de navegación digital y seguimiento

Globus Maritime Limited ha invertido $ 1.2 millones en sistemas de navegación digital a partir de 2023. La compañía utiliza el seguimiento del GPS para el 100% de su flota, con capacidades de monitoreo de embarcaciones en tiempo real.

Tipo de tecnología	Tasa de implementación	Inversión anual
Seguimiento de GPS	100%	$450,000
Sistemas de navegación digital	95%	$750,000

Implementación de IA y aprendizaje automático para la optimización de rutas

La compañía ha asignado $ 850,000 para tecnologías de optimización de ruta impulsadas por AI. Las mejoras actuales de eficiencia de ruta son del 17.5% a través de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático.

Tecnología de IA	Mejora de la eficiencia	Ahorro de costos
Optimización de ruta ai	17.5%	$ 1.3 millones anuales
Mantenimiento predictivo ai	12.3%	$ 620,000 anualmente

Inversión en tecnologías de embarcaciones de eficiencia de combustible y ecológica

Globus Maritime Limited ha comprometido $ 3.5 millones a tecnologías de embarcaciones ecológicas en 2023. Las mejoras de eficiencia de combustible de flota alcanzaron el 22% a través de sistemas de propulsión avanzados.

Tecnología verde	Inversión	Mejora de la eficiencia del combustible
Motores de baja emisión	$ 1.8 millones	15%
Diseño de casco avanzado	$ 1.7 millones	7%

Desafíos de ciberseguridad en infraestructura digital marítima

La inversión de ciberseguridad para 2023 totalizó $ 670,000, que cubren los sistemas avanzados de detección y prevención de amenazas. Tasa de mitigación de incidentes cibernéticos informados: 94.6%.

Medida de ciberseguridad	Inversión	Tasa de prevención de incidentes
Seguridad de la red	$320,000	92.3%
Sistemas de detección de amenazas	$350,000	96.9%

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - Análisis de mortero: factores legales

Cumplimiento de las regulaciones internacionales de seguridad marítima

Métricas de cumplimiento de la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI):

Categoría de regulación	Estado de cumplimiento	Fecha de verificación
Solas (seguridad de la vida en el mar)	Cumplimiento total	Enero de 2024
Prevención de la contaminación de Marpol	Tasa de cumplimiento del 98.7%	Diciembre de 2023
Código ISM (Gestión de seguridad)	Certificado	Febrero de 2024

Marcos legales marítimos internacionales complejos

Desglose de cumplimiento jurisdiccional legal:

Jurisdicción	Acuerdos legales activos	Gasto de cumplimiento
Regulaciones marítimas de la Unión Europea	7 acuerdos activos	$ 1.2 millones anualmente
Convenciones marítimas internacionales	12 convenciones ratificadas	$ 850,000 anualmente
Ley marítima de los Estados Unidos	5 acuerdos integrales	$ 650,000 anualmente

Regulaciones de protección y emisión del medio ambiente

Métricas de cumplimiento de emisiones:

Estándar de emisiones	Rendimiento actual	Límite regulatorio
Emisiones de óxido de azufre (SOX)	0.08% (promedio de la flota)	0.50% máximo
Emisiones de óxido de nitrógeno (NOX)	2.1 g/kWh	Límite de 3.4 g/kWh
Reducción de dióxido de carbono	15.6% de reducción desde 2019	IMO 2030 Objetivo: 40%

Problemas potenciales de responsabilidad en las operaciones de envío global

Estadísticas de gestión de riesgos de responsabilidad:

Categoría de responsabilidad	Exposición anual de riesgo	Cobertura de seguro
Reclamos de daño por carga	$ 3.4 millones	Cobertura de $ 5 millones
Responsabilidad del incidente ambiental	$ 2.7 millones	Cobertura de $ 7.5 millones
Reclamos por lesiones personales	$ 1.2 millones	Cobertura de $ 3 millones

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - Análisis de mortero: factores ambientales

Aumento de la presión para reducir las emisiones de carbono en el transporte marítimo

Según la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI), el envío marítimo representa aproximadamente el 2.89% de las emisiones mundiales de gases de efecto invernadero. Globus Maritime Limited enfrenta una presión regulatoria aumentada para reducir la huella de carbono, con la OMI dirigida a una reducción del 40% en la intensidad del carbono para 2030.

Tipo de emisión	Salida anual actual	Objetivo de reducción
Emisiones de CO2	3.1 millones de toneladas métricas	40% para 2030
Óxido de azufre	0.5% de contenido máximo de azufre	0.1% para 2025

Implementación de tecnologías y prácticas de envío verde

Globus Maritime está explorando tecnologías para reducir el impacto ambiental, con posibles inversiones en:

• Sistemas de propulsión de gas natural licuado (GNL)
• Optimización del diseño del casco
• Sistemas avanzados de gestión de residuos

Tecnología	Costo estimado	Reducción potencial de emisiones
Conversión de GNL	$ 15-25 millones por barco	20-25% de reducción de CO2
Optimización del casco	$ 500,000- $ 1 millón	5-10% de eficiencia de combustible

Navegar por las regulaciones ambientales y los requisitos de sostenibilidad

La Compañía debe cumplir con varias regulaciones ambientales internacionales, que incluyen:

• IMO 2020 Regulación de tapa de azufre
• Sistema de comercio de emisiones de la UE
• Estándares de la Convención de Marpol

Impacto potencial del cambio climático en las rutas y operaciones de envío

Se proyecta que los cambios en la ruta del mar del Ártico aumentarán los días navegables de 30 a 90 días para 2050, ofreciendo potencialmente nuevas oportunidades operativas para Globus Maritime.

Impacto del cambio climático	Estado actual	Cambio proyectado
Accesibilidad a la ruta del mar del Ártico	30 días/año navegables	90 días navegables/año para 2050
Aumento del nivel del mar	3.4 mm/año	Potencial de 0.3-2.5 metros de aumento en 2100

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

You're running a dry bulk operation like Globus Maritime Limited, and the people-your crew, your officers, and the general public perception of safety-are the bedrock of your business. The social environment right now is defined by tight labor markets and high-stakes safety concerns. Ignoring these shifts means higher operating costs and potential reputational damage, defintely.

Sociological

The talent pool for skilled maritime professionals is getting thinner, which directly hits your bottom line. A critical global officer shortage is projected to keep pressure on manning costs until at least 2028. Projections from 2023 indicated a deficit that could persist for five years. For a company like Globus Maritime Limited, which operated an average fleet of 9.3 vessels in the first nine months of 2025, securing and keeping qualified people is paramount.

Crew retention is proving tough because the financial incentives aren't keeping up with other sectors. For instance, dry bulk bonuses saw a noticeable dip in 2024, specifically an 11% decrease compared to 2023 payments, lagging behind the tanker sector's growth. This means you have to offer more than just a paycheck to keep your best people onboard.

The regulatory environment is catching up to the need for better crew welfare, too. The new 2025 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) updates now mandate improved digital communication access as a core requirement for crew wellbeing at sea. These amendments, agreed upon in April 2025, solidify connectivity as an essential lifeline, not a perk. This is a clear action point: ensure your onboard systems meet the new standards, which are set to officially come into force in December 2027.

Finally, the ever-present danger of cargo liquefaction remains a massive social and safety issue. It is the single biggest risk for loss of life in the bulk carrier trade. Data from the 2014-2023 period shows that cargo liquefaction caused 61.8% of the total loss of life in bulk carrier casualties. This isn't just a technical problem; it's a human tragedy that demands constant vigilance in cargo handling and testing.

Here's the quick math on these social pressures:

Social Factor	Key Metric/Data Point	Year/Period
Officer Shortage Persistence	Forecasted to continue until at least 2028	As of 2023 forecast
Dry Bulk Bonus Decline	11% decrease in bonus payments	2024 vs 2023
MLC Update Effectiveness	Amendments entered force internationally	Expected December 2027
Cargo Liquefaction Fatalities	61.8% of total loss of life	2014-2023

What this estimate hides is that the cost of not addressing these issues-higher insurance premiums, increased recruitment spend, and potential operational delays-is not yet fully quantified in these figures. Still, the trend is clear: invest in your people and safety protocols now.

You need to focus on a few key areas:

• Address officer retention with competitive packages.
• Ensure full compliance with 2025 MLC digital rules.
• Double down on liquefaction training and testing adherence.
• Review 2025 bonus structures to counter 2024's decline.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

You're looking at how technology is shaping the competitive edge for Globus Maritime Limited in the dry bulk space. Honestly, in this industry, tech isn't just about being modern; it's about survival and maximizing every dollar of revenue, especially when charter rates fluctuate like they do.

The fleet's young average age of approximately 8 years offers better fuel efficiency and lower maintenance costs.

Your fleet's modernity is a huge technological advantage right now. As of November 28, 2025, the weighted average age across your fleet stands at a lean 8 Years. This isn't just a vanity metric; it directly translates to lower operational expenditure (OPEX). Newer vessels are inherently more fuel-efficient, which is critical given the ongoing pressure from environmental regulations like FuelEU Maritime. Plus, a younger fleet means fewer unexpected breakdowns, keeping you off the spot market for emergency repairs.

Here's a quick look at the fleet profile that drives this efficiency:

• Average Fleet Age: 8 Years as of late 2025.
• Vessels Operated in Q3 2025: An average of 9 vessels.
• Composition (as of Q1 2025): Six Kamsarmax and three Ultramax carriers.
• Fuel Efficiency: Better compliance with upcoming emissions rules.

Secured financing for two new building vessels, scheduled for delivery in the second half of 2026.

It's smart that you are looking beyond the current fleet. Securing financing arrangements for two new building vessels shows a commitment to future-proofing the asset base. These ships are slated for delivery in the second half of 2026. This forward-looking capital deployment means you are planning to bring even newer, likely more advanced, and certainly more compliant tonnage into the fleet soon. This strategy helps manage the risk associated with an aging global fleet, which can face higher scrapping pressures or costly retrofits.

Industry shift toward Remote Inspection Techniques (RITs) like drones for hull surveys is improving safety and cutting dry dock time.

The entire testing, inspection, and certification (TIC) sector is moving toward digital verification. Remote Inspection Techniques (RITs), which use robotics like drones, are becoming standard operating procedure. The IMO finalized guidance on remote surveys in July 2025, formalizing this shift. For operators like you, this means tangible savings. Industry data suggests that drone hull reconnaissance and AI-based crack sizing can shave an average of two days off a dry-dock stay. That's two days less off-hire, which directly impacts your bottom line.

The economic implications are defintely profound, moving from reactive repairs to proactive monitoring.

Digital tools for optimized cargo loading and route planning are essential to maximize the $14,702/day Q3 TCE rate.

Maximizing your Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) rate is where the rubber meets the road. For the third quarter of 2025, your TCE hit $14,702 per day. To sustain or beat that, you need digital tools that go beyond just the vessel itself. Advanced route optimization software minimizes fuel burn by accounting for real-time weather and currents, while sophisticated cargo loading software ensures you are always maximizing the DWT carried safely.

Here is how operational metrics compare for the nine-month period ending September 30, 2025, showing the importance of operational efficiency:

Metric	9M 2025 Value	9M 2024 Value	Change
Average Fleet Size	9.3 vessels	6.8 vessels	Increase
TCE Rate (per day)	$11,705	$13,450	-13% Decline
Revenue	$30.8 million	$26.2 million (Implied)	Increase

What this table hides is that the TCE decline for the nine-month period was due to market conditions in the first half of 2025, not necessarily operational failure. Still, the Q3 rebound to $14,702/day shows that when the market is right, your operational readiness-supported by technology-allows you to capture that upside quickly, as all your vessels were on short-term or index-linked charters.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

You're navigating a shipping environment where the legal landscape is shifting faster than a ballast water treatment system installation deadline. Honestly, the sheer volume of new environmental compliance is the biggest legal headwind right now, directly impacting your operational expenditure and fleet planning for Globus Maritime Limited.

IMO's Net-Zero Framework and GHG Emissions Pricing

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been working toward a legally binding framework to hit net-zero emissions near 2050. The proposed Net-Zero Framework, which combines a mandatory global fuel standard with a pricing mechanism for GHG emissions, was intended for formal adoption in October 2025, aiming for a 2027 entry into force. However, the extraordinary MEPC session in October 2025 actually voted to adjourn until October 2026, pushing the earliest possible enforcement to March 2028. This delay gives Globus Maritime Limited a slight reprieve on the pricing mechanism, but the underlying pressure to decarbonize remains absolute. The framework, once enacted, will apply to all oceangoing ships over 5,000 gross tonnage, which covers virtually your entire fleet.

What this estimate hides is the potential cost. Tier 1 compliance deficit units were drafted to cost $100 per tonne of excess emissions during the initial 2028-2030 period, escalating to $380 per tonne for Tier 2 deficits. You need to model the financial impact of this potential carbon cost against your current operational profile, which saw a net loss of $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Fuel EU Maritime Regulation Intensity Reduction

The Fuel EU Maritime regulation, fully in force since January 1, 2025, mandates a reduction in the well-to-wake GHG intensity of energy used by ships trading within the EU or European Economic Area (EEA). The 2025 requirement is a 2% reduction from the 2020 baseline intensity of 91.16 gCO2e/MJ, setting the initial limit at 89.34 gCO2e/MJ. This forces Globus Maritime Limited to immediately consider fuel switching or operational changes for any voyages touching EU ports, which is a significant factor given your international operations.

The regulation also includes flexibility mechanisms, which are key for you:

• Banking surplus reductions for future use.
• Borrowing up to 2% from the next period's target.
• Pooling compliance balances across the fleet.

If you fail to comply for three consecutive years, penalties escalate, making proactive management essential.

Stricter SOLAS Regulations for Lifting Appliances

A concrete, near-term legal deadline is the stricter SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Chapter II-1, Regulation 3-13, taking effect on January 1, 2026. This mandates new safety requirements for onboard lifting appliances, including cranes and derricks, requiring certified surveys and potentially an IMO electronic cargo gear book. For Globus Maritime Limited, this means any lifting appliance installed on or after that date must meet the new design and construction standards, or existing ones must be tested and examined no later than the first renewal survey after the effective date.

You need to map every piece of relevant equipment now. Flag administrations may exempt appliances with a Safe Working Load (SWL) below 1 tonne, but you can't defintely assume that for all your gear. This is a capital expenditure and dry-dock planning item you must address before the end of 2025.

Mandatory Annual Compliance: CII and EEXI

The technical EEXI (Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index) compliance is a one-time check, but the operational CII (Carbon Intensity Indicator) is an annual performance review for all ships over 5,000 GT. The required CII gets tougher every year; for instance, EEXI limits fell by an additional 5% from January 1, 2025. The annual improvement target for CII was approximately 2% annually up to 2026.

If Globus Maritime Limited receives a 'D' rating for three consecutive years or an 'E' rating in one year, a corrective action plan (SEEMP Part III update) is mandatory and must be verified before a Statement of Compliance (SoC) can be issued. Given your Q2 2025 Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) rate of $11,444 per day, a charter ban or operational restriction due to a poor CII rating could severely damage your spot market exposure and cash flow.

Here's a quick view of the near-term legal compliance pressure points:

Regulation/Factor	Effective Date/Status in 2025	Key Requirement/Impact
Fuel EU Maritime	Fully in force Jan 1, 2025	2% GHG intensity reduction from 2020 baseline.
EEXI Limits	Fell by another 5% from Jan 1, 2025	One-time technical assessment; risk of charter bans without valid certificate.
CII Rating	Annual reporting required	Annual operational intensity rating (A-E); D for 3 years or E requires corrective action plan.
SOLAS Lifting Appliances	New rules effective Jan 1, 2026	Mandatory certified surveys; requires planning for retrofits/certification in 2025.
IMO Net-Zero Framework	Adoption vote delayed to Oct 2026 (earliest enforcement 2028)	Future mandatory fuel standard and GHG pricing mechanism (potential $100/tonne cost).

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Globus Maritime Limited (GLBS) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

You're looking at the environmental pressures facing Globus Maritime Limited, and honestly, the regulatory landscape is shifting faster than a quick charter change. The big takeaway here is that your relatively young fleet gives you a leg up, but the clock is ticking on major capital decisions to meet the IMO's 2050 net-zero goal.

IMO's Ambitious Net-Zero GHG Emissions Target by 2050 Forces Long-Term Fleet Renewal Decisions

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has solidified its commitment to reach net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by or around 2050. This long-term mandate translates directly into near-term pressure for fleet renewal and fuel strategy. As of late November 2025, Globus Maritime Limited operates a fleet of nine dry bulk vessels (six Kamsarmax and three Ultramax) with a weighted average age of 8 years. This is a competitive advantage; older, less efficient vessels face immediate operational hurdles. To keep pace with the long asset life of a ship, you need to factor in the 2050 target now, not in 2040. The company is already planning ahead, having secured financing for two newbuild Ultramax deliveries scheduled for the second half of 2026.

Compliance with New Fuel Standards and Carbon Levies Will Significantly Increase Operational Costs by 2027

The IMO Net-Zero Framework (NZF), which includes mandatory regulations, is expected to enter into force by March 2027, with the first monitoring year starting in 2028. This framework introduces a global carbon pricing mechanism that will penalize non-compliance with GHG Fuel Intensity (GFI) targets. If a vessel exceeds the base target, the penalty for non-compliance is steep, potentially requiring the purchase of Remedial Units (RUs) at $380 per tonne of CO2-equivalent emissions. While the full impact is still being modeled, initial estimates suggest that by 2030, compliance costs could equate to a 14 per cent increase in fuel cost and a 5 per cent increase in freight rates. Here's the quick math: a $150-$300 per tonne levy could raise shipping's cost intensity by 78% by 2050.

Investment in Alternative Fuels Required to Meet 2030 Zero-Emission Fuel Target

The 2023 IMO Strategy includes an indicative target for zero- or near-zero-emission fuels (ZNZs) to make up at least 5% (striving for 10%) of the energy used by international shipping by 2030. This means that even with a relatively modern fleet, Globus Maritime Limited must start planning for fuel switching or engine retrofitting, as current conventional fuels will not meet the GFI trajectory targets. The uncertainty around the final architecture of the NZF, which was delayed from an October 2025 vote to a later session, means that delaying investment decisions now only increases the risk of being locked into high-cost compliance later.

The Modern Fleet is Better Positioned to Achieve Favorable CII Ratings

The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) rating system, which measures a ship's operational efficiency, is getting tougher annually. In 2024, 78% of ships reported a 'C' rating or better, but the required reduction factor increases yearly, reaching an 11% reduction target by 2026. Your fleet's weighted average age of 8 years as of September 30, 2025, puts you ahead of many competitors whose older vessels struggle to maintain a favorable rating. A poor CII rating (D or E) forces the adoption of a corrective action plan, which can restrict chartering options or force operational changes that hurt Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) earnings. What this estimate hides is the specific CII rating for each of your nine vessels, which is crucial for granular risk assessment.

To map this risk, we need a clear view of your current asset profile against the impending regulatory structure.

Metric	Globus Maritime Limited (As of Nov 2025)	IMO Regulatory Context (2025/2027 Onwards)
Fleet Size	9 Dry Bulk Vessels	NZF applies to ships over 5,000 GT (approx. 90% of emissions)
Weighted Avg. Age	8 years	Older vessels face higher operational cost risk due to CII/GFI
Newbuild Deliveries	2 Ultramax scheduled for H2 2026	Newbuilds are better positioned for favorable CII ratings
Carbon Levy Penalty (Upper Tier)	N/A (Compliance required)	$380/tonne of CO2-eq for exceeding the Base Target
2030 Fuel Target	Needs strategy alignment	Target of 5-10% zero/near-zero emission fuel use

The immediate action is to stress-test your fleet's projected GFI performance against the 2028 requirements, using the current fleet age as a proxy for efficiency.

• Assess capital expenditure for two 2026 newbuilds.
• Model cost impact of $380/tonne penalty.
• Review charter party clauses for cost pass-through.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.