Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO): PESTLE Analysis [Nov-2025 Updated]

You're navigating the highly volatile DNA medicine space and need a clear map of the external forces shaping Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) as we close out 2025. The direct takeaway is this: while potential fast-track regulatory pathways for their lead product, VGX-3100, offer the immediate upside, the economic reality of high R&D expenses-projected to exceed $150 million for the 2025 fiscal year-is the near-term risk that needs active management. This PESTLE analysis breaks down exactly how political scrutiny on drug pricing, the competitive pressure from mRNA technology, and the advancements in their proprietary CELLECTRA® delivery device will define Inovio's trajectory. It's defintely the right time to look past the pipeline and into the operating environment.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) - PESTLE Analysis: Political factors

US government focus on pandemic preparedness funding remains strong.

The political commitment to global health security and pandemic preparedness remains a significant factor for companies like Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which develops DNA-based vaccines and therapies. This focus translates into tangible funding opportunities, though the landscape is shifting from emergency spending to long-term, institutionalized preparedness.

A key indicator of this sustained political will is the US government's pledge to the international Pandemic Fund. The United States committed up to $667 million to support the Pandemic Fund through 2026, subject to Congressional appropriations. This commitment is part of the fund's goal to raise at least $2 billion in new direct funding. For Inovio, this signals a stable, long-term market for technologies that can respond rapidly to emerging infectious disease threats, such as its DNA medicine platform.

The Pandemic Fund's third Call for Proposals in 2025, with an envelope of US$500 million, specifically prioritized high-impact investments in:

• Early warning and disease surveillance systems.
• Laboratory systems (human and animal).
• Strengthening human resources and public health workforce capacity.

Increased scrutiny on drug pricing and reimbursement models in the US.

The political pressure to lower healthcare costs and increase drug pricing transparency is a major headwind for the entire pharmaceutical sector in the 2025 fiscal year. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), passed in 2022, is fundamentally reshaping the reimbursement landscape, a critical consideration for Inovio as its pipeline products move toward commercialization.

The most direct impact stems from the IRA's provisions allowing Medicare to negotiate prices for a select list of high-cost drugs, starting in 2026. While initial negotiations target drugs with the highest Medicare spend, the policy creates a precedent for price control. Furthermore, drugmakers must pay inflation-based penalties if their price increases outpace the rate of inflation, a measure designed to curb price growth immediately. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has reported an estimated $6 billion in savings connected with the negotiated prices for 2026, which shows the scale of the government's cost-containment efforts.

This scrutiny forces a strategic shift toward value-based pricing models (where reimbursement is tied to clinical outcomes), which is a complex but potentially favorable model for novel, curative therapies. Honestly, your pricing strategy needs to be ironclad from Phase 1 onward now.

Potential for fast-track regulatory pathways for novel DNA therapies.

The political and regulatory environment in 2025 shows a clear push to accelerate the approval of highly innovative, personalized medicines, which is a direct opportunity for Inovio's DNA medicine platform. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is actively creating new pathways to expedite treatments for serious and ultra-rare conditions.

In November 2025, the FDA outlined a new regulatory approach called the 'plausible mechanism pathway.' This framework is specifically designed to accelerate bespoke (custom-made) gene editing and cell therapies for individuals with rare and serious diseases who cannot feasibly be included in traditional randomized clinical trials. While initially focused on rare diseases, the framework could potentially apply to other novel therapies where a clear mechanism of action is demonstrated.

Inovio can also benefit from existing fast-track mechanisms:

• Priority Review: Reduces the FDA review timeline from the standard 10 months to approximately six months.
• Breakthrough Therapy Designation: Expedites development and review for drugs treating serious conditions where preliminary clinical evidence suggests substantial improvement over available therapies.

The political will is there to get groundbreaking treatments to patients faster, but the bar for clinical and economic value is higher than ever.

Geopolitical tensions affecting global supply chains for biomanufacturing.

Rising geopolitical tensions and protectionist trade policies are creating significant cost and stability risks for the biomanufacturing supply chain, which directly impacts Inovio's ability to source raw materials for its DNA therapies and devices.

New US tariffs announced in July 2025 are a major concern. These tariffs, which initially ranged from 20-40% on various imported goods, have the potential to rise as high as 200% on pharmaceuticals manufactured overseas. This is critical because the US life sciences sector is heavily dependent on global sourcing:

For Inovio, whose DNA delivery devices and raw materials are part of this global network, these tariffs and logistical issues, including port congestion in APAC and Europe, will directly increase input costs and extend lead times. Companies are now scrambling to diversify suppliers and shift sourcing away from high-risk regions like China, but this short-term turbulence is defintely raising operating costs and squeezing R&D budgets.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) - PESTLE Analysis: Economic factors

You're looking at Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) and seeing a company at a critical inflection point, but its immediate future is heavily constrained by the broader economic environment and its own cash position. The key takeaway is that while the biotech sector is volatile, Inovio's disciplined cost management is extending its runway, but the lack of substantial, recurring revenue makes it highly sensitive to capital market shifts.

High inflation rates increasing operational and clinical trial costs.

The persistent inflation and elevated interest rates in 2025 create a tough economic headwind for clinical-stage biotechs like Inovio. Higher interest rates make capital raising through debt significantly more expensive, and they also contribute to lower valuations for growth stocks, which makes equity financing more dilutive for existing shareholders.

For Inovio, this translates directly into rising operational and clinical trial costs. Running complex, multinational trials is getting more expensive due to increasing complexity, geopolitical unrest, and supply chain pressures. Contract Research Organization (CRO) costs have been ballooning, forcing companies with less cash reserve to be extremely selective about which programs move forward. Inovio's strategy to focus resources on its lead candidate, INO-3107, is a direct response to this high-cost environment.

Biotech sector valuation volatility impacting capital raising efforts.

The biotech sector is notoriously volatile, and in 2025, venture capital funding has become far more selective, favoring late-stage companies with strong clinical data and clear commercial pathways. This is a double-edged sword for Inovio: while the rolling submission of the Biologics License Application (BLA) for INO-3107 in mid-2025 is a massive de-risking event, the company must still navigate a challenging public market for capital.

The market correction that started in 2022-2023 forced a reassessment of priorities, and today, investors are directing capital only to platforms with validated targets and well-defined regulatory strategies. Inovio's ability to raise non-dilutive capital or secure favorable terms in future equity offerings hinges entirely on the successful BLA acceptance for INO-3107 by year-end 2025.

R&D expenses projected to exceed $150 million for the 2025 fiscal year.

While an unconstrained R&D pipeline might require a spend exceeding $150 million, Inovio's actual reported spending for the first nine months of 2025 shows a highly disciplined approach to conserve cash. The company's strategy is to prioritize INO-3107 for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) and streamline other programs.

Here's the quick math on the actual R&D burn rate:

This shows a clear trend of financial discipline, with R&D expenses trending down quarter-over-quarter. The full-year 2025 R&D is realistically projected to be closer to the 2024 figure of $75.6 million, not the $150 million mark, demonstrating a necessary, but limiting, capital constraint. The discipline is extending the cash runway, which is projected to support operations into the second quarter of 2026.

Dependence on milestone payments and partnerships for near-term revenue.

As a pre-commercial biotech, Inovio's revenue is minimal and non-recurring, coming primarily from collaborative arrangements and grants. This dependency on external funding sources creates a significant economic vulnerability.

In the first quarter of 2025, revenue from collaborative arrangements was only $65,343. This low revenue base means the company must execute on its pipeline milestones to attract new partners or trigger payments from existing agreements. The operational net cash burn estimate for the fourth quarter of 2025 is approximately $22 million, which highlights the immediate need for capital outside of its existing $50.8 million cash reserve as of September 30, 2025. They definitely need a win soon.

• Convert BLA acceptance into a lucrative partnership.
• Secure non-dilutive funding to accelerate other pipeline candidates.
• Avoid a down round that would severely dilute current shareholders.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

Growing public acceptance of genetic-based therapies and vaccines

The social environment in 2025 shows a clear, accelerating trend toward accepting advanced genetic-based therapies, which is a significant tailwind for Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s DNA medicines platform. This shift is driven by the success of mRNA vaccines and the continued maturation of the personalized medicine (PM) market. The global PM market is projected to grow from an estimated $546.97 billion in 2024 to reach $1.00 trillion by 2033, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.05% starting in 2025. This growth indicates a strong social and clinical appetite for treatments tailored to an individual's genetic profile, moving away from the traditional one-size-fits-all model. Inovio's DNA medicines, which use small circular DNA molecules (plasmids) to instruct the body's cells to produce specific disease-fighting proteins, are positioned directly within this high-growth area.

The company's lead candidate, INO-3107, is on track to be the first DNA medicine approved in the United States, which would be a major social and psychological milestone for the entire platform. This potential first-to-market status could significantly influence patient and physician confidence in the safety and efficacy of DNA-based treatments. Inovio is also advancing next-generation candidates, including DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) and DNA-encoded protein technology (DPROT), with landmark proof-of-concept data for DMAb technology published in Nature Medicine in the third quarter of 2025.

Persistent vaccine hesitancy affecting uptake of new platforms

While acceptance of genetic-based therapies is rising, persistent vaccine hesitancy remains a critical social headwind, particularly for novel platforms like DNA vaccines. This skepticism is a broad societal issue that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the U.S., childhood vaccination rates have been declining, with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage for kindergarten children falling to 93% in 2022, down from 95% just three years prior. This trend, though focused on traditional vaccines, demonstrates a general erosion of public trust that can easily transfer to newer, less familiar technologies.

For Inovio Pharmaceuticals, this societal barrier is a risk for any future infectious disease vaccines in their pipeline. The challenge is twofold:

• Education Burden: The company must invest heavily in educating the public and healthcare providers on the distinction between DNA medicines and other genetic platforms (like mRNA or viral vector), and why their proprietary CELLECTRA delivery device is a safe, non-viral method.
• Regulatory Scrutiny: The social climate of skepticism means any adverse event, even minor ones, will be amplified, potentially leading to increased regulatory caution and slower adoption.

The good news is that Inovio's near-term focus is on INO-3107, a therapeutic for a rare disease, Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP), where the patient population is highly motivated due to the severity of their unmet need, which somewhat mitigates the broad vaccine hesitancy challenge. Still, it's a defintely a factor for their infectious disease programs.

Global shift toward personalized medicine requiring smaller, flexible batches

The shift to personalized medicine is changing the entire pharmaceutical supply chain, favoring platforms that can efficiently produce smaller, more flexible batches, which aligns perfectly with Inovio's DNA medicine technology. Traditional biologics manufacturing requires massive, fixed-asset infrastructure, but DNA plasmids are simpler to produce and store. This flexibility is a key social advantage as healthcare systems demand more targeted, individualized treatments.

Inovio's platform is designed to be versatile, allowing for the rapid design and potential manufacturing of new DNA constructs without the need for chemical adjuvants or lipid nanoparticles. This inherent flexibility supports the low-volume, high-value nature of personalized and orphan disease treatments. The company's focus on RRP, a rare disease affecting around 14,000 people in the U.S., is a perfect example of a niche market requiring this kind of focused, flexible manufacturing approach. The financial discipline demonstrated in 2025, with Research and Development (R&D) expenses decreasing to $13.3 million in Q3 2025 (down from $18.7 million in Q3 2024), shows a strategic focus on the most promising, targeted programs.

Focus on addressing unmet needs in oncology and infectious diseases

Inovio's pipeline is strategically focused on areas of high unmet medical need, a key social driver for accelerated regulatory approval and patient adoption. Their lead candidate, INO-3107, targets RRP, a debilitating HPV-related disease that requires repeated surgeries. The clinical data provides a compelling social argument for adoption:

This clear clinical benefit addresses a major social burden for RRP patients. Beyond RRP, their pipeline includes DNA medicines for other high-need areas, such as Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers and infectious diseases like Lassa fever and MERS, which are critical global health priorities. The social imperative to find non-surgical, curative, or preventative treatments for these diseases provides a strong moral and market foundation for Inovio's long-term strategy.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

Competitive pressure from mRNA technology platforms (e.g., Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech)

You can't talk about nucleic acid medicines without addressing the elephant in the room: the massive technological head start and commercial scale of messenger RNA (mRNA) platforms. This isn't just a research rivalry; it's a financial one that dictates market perception and capital access. The success of the COVID-19 vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech has fundamentally validated the entire nucleic acid class, but it also created a formidable competitive moat.

Here's the quick math on the scale difference: Inovio's R&D expenses for the third quarter of 2025 were $13.3 million, a focused spend on their core pipeline like INO-3107. Compare that to Moderna, which is projecting full-year 2025 R&D expenses of $3.3 billion to $3.4 billion, and a total 2025 revenue guidance of $1.6 billion to $2 billion. Pfizer, with its partner BioNTech, is forecasting its total 2025 revenue to be between $61.0 billion and $64.0 billion. That is a colossal gap in capital and market reach.

This competition forces Inovio to focus on niche areas where their platform offers a clear, differentiated advantage, mainly the thermal stability of DNA medicines and their ability to generate robust T-cell responses. Still, investor sentiment defintely favors the proven commercial viability of mRNA.

Advancements in Inovio's proprietary CELLECTRA® delivery device efficiency

The CELLECTRA® device is Inovio's technological linchpin; it's the physical barrier to entry for competitors in the DNA medicine space. The critical advancement in 2025 was the completion of the design verification (DV) testing for the CELLECTRA® 5PSP device. This milestone was essential for the Biologics License Application (BLA) submission for their lead candidate, INO-3107, in the latter half of 2025.

The device's efficiency is measured by its ability to deliver the DNA plasmid directly into cells via electroporation, a quick electrical pulse, which is a non-viral delivery method. The device's commercial readiness is paramount, as the DNA medicine cannot work without it. The key advantages of the CELLECTRA system are:

• No need for chemical adjuvants or lipid nanoparticles.
• Designed to avoid anti-vector immune responses seen with viral platforms.
• The 5PSP model is a necessary component for the first potential US-approved DNA medicine.

The successful DV testing removes a major regulatory hurdle and validates the device as a scalable, reliable component of the drug-device combination product.

Rapid evolution of DNA plasmid manufacturing and scale-up processes

The ability to rapidly and cost-effectively manufacture the DNA plasmid (the 'software' of the medicine) is crucial for commercialization. Inovio has been focused on streamlining this process in 2025. They successfully resolved a manufacturing issue concerning the single-use array component of the CELLECTRA device, a necessary step for regulatory filings, which was anticipated to be resolved by February 2025.

Beyond INO-3107, the evolution of the DNA platform is visible in their next-generation candidates, which aim to expand the utility of DNA medicine:

• DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies (DMAb™): This technology uses the body's own cells to produce therapeutic antibodies, bypassing traditional, complex, and expensive bioreactor manufacturing.
• DNA-Encoded Protein Technology (DPROT): A platform for delivering therapeutic proteins to treat diseases caused by missing or defective proteins.

This focus shows a clear strategic pivot toward leveraging the DNA platform's inherent scalability and stability advantages for a broader range of therapeutic applications, moving beyond just vaccines.

Increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in drug discovery and trial design

The pharmaceutical industry is in the middle of an AI-driven revolution, a trend Inovio cannot ignore. Global spending in the AI in drug discovery market is growing at a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 29.6% in the mid-2020s. The industry sees AI as a way to cut the drug development timeline from 5-6 years down to potentially one year.

While Inovio publicly emphasizes the 'optimized design' of its DNA plasmids-which are essentially computer-sequenced genetic instructions-they have not disclosed a specific, major AI partnership or a named in-house machine learning (ML) platform in 2025. The core technological advantage is the proprietary design of the plasmids, which function like 'software the body's cells can download.' To remain competitive, especially against the massive R&D budgets of mRNA rivals, Inovio must be using computational tools to:

• Optimize Plasmid Design: Fine-tuning the DNA sequence for maximum protein expression and immunogenicity.
• Accelerate Candidate Selection: Rapidly screening potential targets for new DMAb™ and DPROT candidates.
• Refine Clinical Trial Design: Using predictive analytics to select patient populations and optimize dosing for programs like the confirmatory trial for INO-3107.

The lack of a public-facing AI initiative is a risk, but the underlying principle of their platform-using computer-designed genetic code-is inherently computational and must be supported by advanced algorithms to keep pace with the industry's rapid AI adoption.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

Complex and costly intellectual property (IP) disputes over DNA plasmid technology

The core of Inovio Pharmaceuticals' business, its proprietary DNA plasmid technology, is also its primary legal risk. DNA medicines are a novel class, and the intellectual property (IP) landscape is fiercely contested, leading to complex and expensive litigation. The company has historically faced significant IP disputes, such as the one with VGXI, a contract manufacturer, over the proprietary process for manufacturing the DNA plasmids themselves. This kind of legal battle is defintely a drain on cash, diverting funds from R&D.

While Inovio has demonstrated financial discipline in 2025, the cost of maintaining and defending its IP portfolio remains substantial. Legal expenses are a key component of General and Administrative (G&A) costs. For the first nine months of the 2025 fiscal year, the total G&A expenses were approximately $25.5 million ($9.0 million in Q1, $8.6 million in Q2, and $7.9 million in Q3), a decrease primarily related to lower legal expenses compared to the prior year, but still a major operational cost. You can't afford to let your IP get shaky in this industry.

Stringent FDA and EMA requirements for novel DNA vaccine and therapy approvals

The regulatory path for novel DNA medicines is stringent because Inovio is essentially pioneering a new class of therapeutics. Their lead candidate, INO-3107 for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP), is the first DNA medicine poised for potential US approval, which means the FDA is setting a precedent. This process is complex, involving both the drug product (the DNA plasmid) and the proprietary delivery device (CELLECTRA 5PSP).

Inovio is navigating this landscape by leveraging key regulatory designations, which helps, but doesn't eliminate, the regulatory burden. The company completed the rolling submission of its Biologics License Application (BLA) for INO-3107 in November 2025, requesting priority review. The FDA's acceptance of the file is expected by the end of 2025, with a potential PDUFA date (the goal date for an FDA decision) in mid-2026 if priority review is granted. That's a clear, near-term legal and regulatory hurdle.

• Gain Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the FDA.
• Obtain Orphan Drug Designation from the FDA and the European Union (EU).
• Secure the Innovation Passport in the United Kingdom (UK).

Evolving global data privacy laws impacting clinical trial data management

Running global clinical trials, especially for a novel therapy like INO-3107 which involves sites in the US and potentially other regions, subjects Inovio to a patchwork of global data privacy laws. The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and similar US state-level laws (like the CCPA in California) treat patient data as highly sensitive, requiring significant compliance investment. This isn't just an IT problem; it's a legal one that slows down R&D.

Honestly, these strict regulations can inadvertently restrict data access needed for biopharma innovation. Research suggests that four years after implementing major data protection laws, R&D spending among global biopharma firms fell by approximately 39 percent relative to pre-regulation levels. For Inovio, this means higher costs and more complex logistics for managing the data from its ongoing and planned trials, like the confirmatory Phase 3 trial for INO-3107, which will involve approximately 20 major U.S. medical centers.

Need for clear legal frameworks for gene-editing and genetic therapies

While Inovio's DNA medicines are immunotherapies and not classic gene-editing (CRISPR) therapies, they operate in the same regulatory neighborhood of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) in the EU and Biologics in the US. The legal and ethical frameworks for genetic interventions are still solidifying globally in 2025. The FDA has approved the first CRISPR-based gene therapy, Casgevy, which sets a high bar for safety and efficacy for any product that modifies genetic material, even transiently.

Inovio must continually demonstrate that its DNA plasmids, which are designed to teach the body's cells to produce specific proteins, operate within the bounds of somatic (non-heritable) genetic modification. The legal distinction between lawful, tightly regulated somatic therapy and prohibited germline (heritable) editing is a bright line that must not be crossed. The company's future pipeline, including DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) and DNA-encoded protein technology (DPROT), will face the same heightened scrutiny as the regulatory bodies push for international harmonization through programs like the FDA's Collaboration on Gene Therapies Global Pilot (CoGenT) with the EMA.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (INO) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

Increasing focus on sustainable and green biomanufacturing practices.

You need to look at Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s manufacturing process itself, because that's where the real environmental story is, especially as they move toward commercial launch. Their core DNA medicine platform offers an inherent 'green' advantage over many traditional biologics or even newer platforms like mRNA. Specifically, Inovio's proprietary CELLECTRA delivery devices administer the DNA medicines without requiring chemical adjuvants or lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).

This is a big deal. The production of LNPs, which are essential for many other gene therapies, involves complex chemical synthesis and significant solvent use, creating a larger environmental footprint. By contrast, Inovio's approach bypasses these steps, simplifying the supply chain and inherently reducing the need for certain high-impact chemical inputs.

Still, as they scale up for the potential launch of INO-3107 in mid-2026, the scrutiny on their manufacturing partners and processes will intensify. Green biomanufacturing isn't just about the product; it's about the factory's energy use and water consumption too.

Management of hazardous biological and chemical waste from R&D facilities.

The management of hazardous waste is a non-negotiable risk area for any biotech company, and it's flagged by third-party analysts. The Upright Project, for example, identifies Waste as one of the negative impact categories for Inovio Pharmaceuticals. This is a constant operational cost and compliance risk.

As of 2025, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is fully implementing its new 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart P rule for managing hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, including a nationwide ban on sewering (flushing) any hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. For a company still heavily focused on Research and Development (R&D) and clinical trials-with R&D expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025, at $13.3 million-this means tighter, more costly protocols for managing lab waste, expired clinical materials, and contaminated disposables.

This is a pure compliance cost, and it's rising.

• Classify all pharmaceutical waste under new EPA Subpart P rules.
• Ensure proper disposal of single-use array components from the CELLECTRA device.
• Track accumulation of non-creditable waste for disposal within the 365-day limit.

Supply chain carbon footprint scrutiny from institutional investors.

The biggest environmental challenge for Inovio Pharmaceuticals, like most pharmaceutical companies, lies in its supply chain, or Scope 3 emissions. While Inovio has not publicly disclosed its 2025 carbon footprint data, the industry benchmark is stark: Scope 3 emissions typically account for a staggering 92% of the total normalized greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the top 10 pharmaceutical companies.

For Inovio, this scrutiny will focus on the upstream activities-the purchased goods and services, which account for roughly 55% of the industry's Scope 3 footprint. Institutional investors, especially those managing massive ESG-mandated portfolios like BlackRock, are now demanding transparency on this. If you can't measure your supply chain carbon, you can't manage it.

The risk here is less about fines and more about the cost of capital. A lack of disclosure makes the company a riskier bet for ESG-focused funds.

Pressure to disclose ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance metrics.

The pressure for formalized ESG disclosure is intense, and Inovio Pharmaceuticals has a clear gap here. While third-party analysts assign a holistic net impact ratio of 65.4% (indicating an overall positive sustainability impact driven by its health focus), the company does not appear to have a dedicated, publicly available 2025 Sustainability or ESG Report.

This lack of a formal report creates a transparency deficit that cannot be filled by financial filings alone. Investors are looking for concrete metrics, not just qualitative statements. This is a material risk because major institutional investors are increasingly using these metrics to screen their holdings.

Here's the quick map of the disclosure gap:

You need to defintely start tracking these metrics now, or you risk being screened out by funds that collectively manage trillions of dollars.