Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX): Modelo de Negócios Canvas [Jan-2025 Atualizado]

No mundo dinâmico da inovação industrial global, a Posco Holdings Inc. surge como uma potência transformadora, misturando a fabricação de aço de ponta com proezas tecnológicas estratégicas. Esta tela abrangente do modelo de negócios revela como a gigante sul -coreana transcende a fabricação tradicional, a sustentabilidade da tecelagem, a pesquisa avançada de materiais e as parcerias estratégicas em um ecossistema corporativo robusto que gera valor nos setores de energia automotiva, de construção e renovável. Ao alavancar sua extensa experiência tecnológica e rede global, a Posco não produz apenas aço - seus engenheiros abrangentes soluções que remodelam paisagens industriais e impulsionam o desenvolvimento sustentável em escala global.

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de Negócios: Parcerias -chave

Aliança estratégica com fabricantes globais de aço

A Posco estabeleceu parcerias estratégicas com vários fabricantes globais de aço:

Parceiro	País	Tipo de parceria	Ano estabelecido
ArcelorMittal	Luxemburgo	Compartilhamento de tecnologia	2015
Aço Tata	Índia	Colaboração de produção	2012
Thyssenkrupp	Alemanha	Parceria de pesquisa	2018

Joint ventures em energia renovável e tecnologia verde

A Posco investiu em parcerias de tecnologia verde:

• Produção da produção de hidrogênio Venture com Posco Future M (Investimento: US $ 1,2 bilhão)
• Colaboração de energia solar com coragem elétrica coreana
• Parceria do Projeto de Energia Eólica no Vietnã (investimento total: US $ 450 milhões)

Colaboração com parceiros da indústria automotiva e de construção

As principais parcerias automotivas e de construção incluem:

Parceiro	Foco de colaboração	Valor anual do contrato
Hyundai Motor Company	Materiais de aço avançado	US $ 320 milhões
Samsung C&T	Materiais de construção	US $ 210 milhões
Kia Corporation	Soluções de aço automotivo	US $ 280 milhões

Acordos de compartilhamento de tecnologia com instituições de pesquisa

Posco colabora com instituições de pesquisa em todo o mundo:

• Universidade Nacional de Seul (Pesquisa de Materiais Avançados)
• Kaist (Instituto Advancado Coreano de Ciência e Tecnologia)
• MIT Materials Research Center (International Collaboration)

Parcerias da cadeia de suprimentos com fornecedores de matérias -primas

Parcerias críticas de matéria -prima:

Material	País fornecedor	Volume anual	Valor do contrato
Minério de ferro	Austrália	8,5 milhões de toneladas	US $ 1,2 bilhão
Níquel	Indonésia	250.000 toneladas	US $ 380 milhões
Carvão	Mongólia	3,2 milhões de toneladas	US $ 420 milhões

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de negócios: Atividades -chave

Produção e fabricação de aço

Capacidade anual de produção de aço: 43,7 milhões de toneladas em 2022

Instalação de produção	Localização	Capacidade anual (milhão de toneladas)
Pohang funciona	Pohang, Coréia do Sul	16.2
Gwangyang funciona	Gwangyang, Coréia do Sul	18.5

Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Materiais Avançados

Investimento de P&D em 2022: 455,3 bilhões de KRW

• Número de patentes de pesquisa ativa: 7.231
• Centros de pesquisa: 3 centros de inovação global
• Projetos anuais de desenvolvimento de tecnologia: 127

Inovação em tecnologia verde

Alvo de redução de carbono até 2050: redução de 50% em relação à linha de base de 2018

Iniciativa de Tecnologia Verde	Investimento (bilhão KRW)
Produção de aço verde	1,230
Tecnologia de redução de hidrogênio	680

Gerenciamento de Comércio Internacional e Exportação

Receita total de exportação em 2022: 13,8 trilhões de KRW

• Mercados de exportação: mais de 70 países
• Porcentagem de vendas internacionais: 42% da receita total

Desenvolvimento de infraestrutura sustentável

Investimentos do Projeto de Infraestrutura em 2022: 2,6 trilhões de KRW

Setor de infraestrutura	Valor do investimento (bilhão KRW)
Projetos de energia renovável	890
Desenvolvimento urbano	1,240
Infraestrutura de transporte	470

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de negócios: Recursos -chave

Instalações de fabricação de aço avançado

A Posco opera 4 fábricas de aço integradas na Coréia do Sul, com capacidade anual de produção anual de 40,4 milhões de toneladas. Os locais das instalações incluem:

Localização	Capacidade anual	Estabelecido
Pohang funciona	18,4 milhões de toneladas	1973
Gwangyang funciona	22 milhões de toneladas	1987

Experiência tecnológica

Investimento de pesquisa e desenvolvimento: 522,3 bilhões de KRW em 2022

• 4 centros globais de P&D
• 1.236 patentes registradas
• Tecnologias avançadas na produção de aço de alta resistência

Portfólio de propriedade intelectual

Total de propriedade de propriedade intelectual registrada: 3.274 patentes globalmente

Categoria de patentes	Número de patentes
Fabricação de aço	1,876
Tecnologia verde	512

Rede de distribuição global

Presença internacional em 53 países com:

• 38 instalações de produção no exterior
• 52 redes de vendas
• 10 subsidiárias comerciais

Força de trabalho qualificada

Força de trabalho total: 16.541 funcionários a partir de 2022

Categoria de funcionários	Número de funcionários
Trabalhadores da produção	8,942
Pesquisa e engenharia	3,276
Gerenciamento	4,323

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de Negócios: Proposições de Valor

Produtos siderúrgicos inovadores de alta qualidade

A Posco produziu 37,99 milhões de toneladas de aço bruto em 2022. A capacidade anual de produção de aço atinge 43,5 milhões de toneladas. O volume total de vendas de aço foi de 35,64 milhões de toneladas em 2022.

Categoria de produto de aço	Volume de produção (2022)	Quota de mercado
Aço plano	22,36 milhões de toneladas	60.5%
Aço longo	13,28 milhões de toneladas	36.5%

Soluções sustentáveis ​​e ambientalmente amigáveis

A POSCO comprometeu US $ 3,7 bilhões em investimentos em tecnologia verde até 2030. Alvo de redução de emissões de carbono: 35% até 2030.

• Capacidade de produção de hidrogênio verde: 2,5 milhões de toneladas até 2030
• Investimento de energia renovável: US $ 1,2 bilhão
• Iniciativas de economia circular: Reciclagem de 10 milhões de toneladas de aço anualmente

Materiais avançados para indústrias de ponta

A Divisão de Materiais Avançados da Posco gerou US $ 2,3 bilhões em receita em 2022. Participação no mercado de materiais da bateria: 15% globalmente.

Tipo de material avançado	Produção anual	Contribuição da receita
Aço automotivo	8,5 milhões de toneladas	US $ 1,2 bilhão
Materiais da bateria	100.000 toneladas	US $ 650 milhões

Processos de fabricação econômicos

Redução de custos de fabricação: 12% em 2022. Economia total de eficiência operacional: US $ 450 milhões.

Soluções de engenharia personalizadas para clientes

Contratos de solução de engenharia avaliados em US $ 1,8 bilhão em 2022. Taxa de satisfação do cliente: 92%.

• Portfólio de projetos de engenharia global: 45 países
• Valor médio do projeto: US $ 40 milhões
• Taxa de retenção de clientes: 87%

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de Negócios: Relacionamentos do Cliente

Abordagem de parceria industrial de longo prazo

A Posco mantém parcerias estratégicas com 1.240 clientes industriais nos setores automotivo, de construção naval e de construção. A taxa de retenção de clientes da empresa é de 92,3% a partir de 2023.

Setor da indústria	Número de clientes -chave	Duração da parceria
Automotivo	387	10-15 anos
Construção naval	256	8-12 anos
Construção	597	7-10 anos

Serviços de suporte técnico e consulta

O POSCO fornece suporte técnico dedicado por meio de 72 equipes de engenharia especializadas em todo o mundo. O investimento anual em infraestrutura de suporte ao cliente é de US $ 43,6 milhões.

• 24/7 de consulta técnica Linha direta
• Suporte de engenharia no local
• Desenvolvimento de solução de material personalizado

Gerenciamento de conta dedicado

A empresa emprega 214 gerentes de conta dedicados que atendem a clientes em nível corporativo. O tempo médio da equipe de gerenciamento de contas é de 2,7 horas.

Segmento de clientes	Número de gerentes de conta	Portfólio médio de clientes
Grandes empresas	86	15-20 clientes
Médias empresas	128	25-30 clientes

Plataformas de engajamento de clientes digitais

As plataformas digitais da Posco processam 67% das interações com os clientes. O uso da plataforma digital aumentou 38% em 2023.

• Portal de Especificação de Materiais Online
• Sistema de rastreamento de inventário em tempo real
• Plataforma de gerenciamento de pedidos digitais

Inovação contínua e melhoria do produto

O investimento em P&D para inovação orientado ao cliente é de US $ 127,4 milhões em 2023. O ciclo de desenvolvimento de produtos em média de 8,5 meses.

Área de foco na inovação	Orçamento de P&D	Novos lançamentos de produtos
Materiais de aço avançado	US $ 62,3 milhões	14 produtos
Soluções sustentáveis	US $ 45,1 milhões	9 produtos
Integração digital	US $ 20 milhões	6 plataformas

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de Negócios: Canais

Equipes de vendas diretas

A Posco mantém 27 escritórios de vendas globais em 19 países a partir de 2023. O tamanho da equipe de vendas compreende aproximadamente 1.200 representantes de vendas profissionais. A receita total anual de vendas por meio de canais de vendas diretas atingiu US $ 32,4 bilhões em 2022.

Região	Número de escritórios de vendas	Cobertura de vendas
Ásia	12	65% das vendas diretas
Europa	5	15% das vendas diretas
Américas	7	20% das vendas diretas

Plataformas digitais online

Os canais de vendas digitais geraram US $ 4,6 bilhões em receita durante 2022. A Posco opera 3 plataformas primárias de comércio eletrônico com 287.000 clientes comerciais registrados.

• Plataforma de negociação de aço B2B
• Posco Global E-MarketPlace
• Sistema de compras on -line de materiais industriais

Exposições de Comércio Internacional

A POSCO participa de 22 exposições de comércio internacional anualmente. A participação na exposição gera aproximadamente US $ 1,2 bilhão em possíveis negociações de contratos.

Eventos de marketing específicos da indústria

O portfólio anual de eventos de marketing inclui 45 conferências direcionadas do setor. O engajamento estimado de eventos de marketing atinge 12.500 clientes industriais em potencial.

Redes de distribuição estratégica

A Posco mantém 64 centros de distribuição estratégica em 6 continentes. A rede de distribuição lida com 3,2 milhões de toneladas de produtos de aço anualmente.

Região de distribuição	Número de centros	Capacidade de manuseio anual
Ásia-Pacífico	28	1,5 milhão de toneladas métricas
América do Norte	12	650.000 toneladas métricas
Europa	10	450.000 toneladas métricas
Outras regiões	14	600.000 toneladas métricas

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de negócios: segmentos de clientes

Fabricantes automotivos

A Posco serve os principais fabricantes de automóveis com produtos de aço e metal. A partir de 2023, a empresa forneceu aço para:

Cliente automotivo	Fornecimento de aço anual (toneladas métricas)
Hyundai Motor Company	2,4 milhões
Kia Corporation	1,8 milhão
Fabricantes automotivos globais	4,6 milhões

Empresas de construção e infraestrutura

A POSCO fornece soluções de aço especializadas para projetos de construção:

• Fornecimento anual de aço de infraestrutura: 3,2 milhões de toneladas métricas
• Principais projetos de infraestrutura na Coréia do Sul: 87 contratos ativos
• Infraestrutura internacional Participação de mercado de aço: 5,6%

Setor de energia renovável

Produtos de aço e metal para infraestrutura de energia renovável:

Segmento de energia renovável	Fornecimento de aço anual (toneladas métricas)
Estruturas do painel solar	620,000
Componentes da turbina eólica	450,000
Suprimento total de aço de energia renovável	1,07 milhão

Fabricantes de máquinas pesadas

O POSCO fornece aço especializado para a produção de máquinas pesadas:

• Fornecimento anual de aço de máquinas pesadas: 1,5 milhão de toneladas métricas
• CLIENTES PRINCIPAIS: Doosan, Samsung Heavy Industries
• Penetração no mercado global: 4,3%

Produtores globais de equipamentos industriais

Equipamento de aço de equipamentos industriais Aparelhamento:

Categoria de equipamentos industriais	Fornecimento de aço anual (toneladas métricas)
Equipamento de mineração	340,000
Equipamento de construção	520,000
Equipamento marítimo	280,000
Suprimento total de aço de equipamentos industriais	1,14 milhão

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de negócios: estrutura de custos

Aquisição de matéria -prima

Em 2023, os custos de compra de matéria -prima da Posco totalizaram 21,87 trilhões de krw. A empresa adquiriu:

Matéria-prima	Custo anual de compras	Volume
Minério de ferro	8,45 trilhões de krw	45,6 milhões de toneladas
Carvão	6,23 trilhões de krw	32,1 milhões de toneladas
Sucata	3,12 trilhões de krw	15,7 milhões de toneladas

Despesas de fabricação e produção

As despesas de fabricação para 2023 foram documentadas da seguinte forma:

• Custos totais de produção: 25,64 trilhões KRW
• Custos de consumo de energia: 3,76 trilhões de KRW
• Manutenção do equipamento: 1,89 trilhão KRW
• Orimador operacional: 2,45 trilhões de krw

Investimentos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento

Despesas de P&D da Posco em 2023:

Categoria de P&D	Valor do investimento
Gastos totais de P&D	684,5 bilhões de krw
Tecnologia de aço verde	276,3 bilhões de krw
Transformação digital	187,6 bilhões de krw

Manutenção de mão -de -obra e força de trabalho

Custos relacionados ao trabalho para 2023:

• Compensação total dos funcionários: 3,97 trilhões de kRW
• Salário médio de funcionários: 85,6 milhões de kRW/ano
• Treinamento e desenvolvimento: 42,3 bilhões de KRW
• Força de trabalho total: 37.892 funcionários

Atualizações de tecnologia e infraestrutura

Redução de investimentos em tecnologia para 2023:

Categoria de infraestrutura	Valor do investimento
Infraestrutura digital	523,6 bilhões de krw
Tecnologia de fabricação	612,4 bilhões de krw
Tecnologias de sustentabilidade	389,2 bilhões de krw

Posco Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Modelo de negócios: fluxos de receita

Vendas de produtos de aço

A Posco Holdings gerou receita total de 65,76 trilhões de KRW em 2022. As vendas de produtos de aço representavam 57,3 trilhões de KRW da receita total.

Categoria de produto	Receita (trilhão KRW)	Quota de mercado
Aço plano	32.4	56%
Aço longo	15.6	27%
Aço especial	9.3	17%

Licenciamento de materiais avançados

A receita avançada de licenciamento de materiais atingiu 1,2 trilhão de KRW em 2022.

• Licenciamento de materiais de bateria: 680 bilhões de KRW
• Licenciamento de liga de alto desempenho: 520 bilhões de KRW

Soluções de engenharia

O segmento de engenharia e construção gerou 3,5 trilhões de KRW em 2022.

Tipo de projeto	Receita (bilhão KRW)
Projetos de infraestrutura	1,850
Construção de plantas industriais	1,650

Inovações em tecnologia verde

A receita da tecnologia verde totalizou 2,1 trilhões de KRW em 2022.

• Tecnologia de produção de hidrogênio: 850 bilhões de KRW
• Soluções de captura de carbono: 750 bilhões de KRW
• Infraestrutura de energia renovável: 500 bilhões de KRW

Receitas de comércio e exportação internacionais

As receitas de exportação atingiram 22,6 trilhões de KRW em 2022.

Região de exportação	Receita (trilhão KRW)	Percentagem
China	7.8	34.5%
Sudeste Asiático	6.2	27.4%
Américas	4.5	19.9%
Europa	4.1	18.2%

POSCO Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

The value propositions offered by POSCO Holdings Inc. center on providing foundational materials for modern industry while aggressively pivoting toward future-facing, low-carbon technologies and integrated supply chains.

High-strength, lightweight steel for advanced automotive use

POSCO Holdings Inc. delivers specialized steel products vital for the automotive sector, focusing on materials that enable vehicle lightweighting and enhanced safety. The company is actively securing future supply agreements, evidenced by the MOU signed with Hyundai Motor Group in the first quarter of 2025 concerning steel business cooperation. The core steel business remains the primary financial engine, contributing 52% (KRW 37.6 trillion) of the total revenue in the 2024 fiscal year, and 68% (KRW 1.5 trillion) of the operating profit for that same year. The company is also developing low-carbon options like Hyper NO, which are categorized as low-carbon emissions products for high-growth industries. POSCO Holdings' market capitalization stood at approximately KRW 22.4 trillion at the end of February 2025. The company's Q3 2025 cumulative CAPEX administered was KRW 4.8 tril on a consolidated basis.

Full-cycle battery material supply chain, from raw material to recycling

POSCO Holdings Inc. offers a complete, vertically integrated supply chain for rechargeable battery materials, which is a significant differentiator. This chain spans from securing raw resources, such as lithium ore procured by POSCO Pilbara Lithium Solution from Australia, through to the production of active materials and recycling via POSCO GS Eco Materials. POSCO Future M, the core subsidiary, operates eight plants globally dedicated to producing cathode and anode materials. The group made strategic capital injections in May 2025, approving equity investments of around 1 trillion won ($701 million) into three key battery affiliates to solidify this chain.

The planned capacity expansion highlights this commitment to the full cycle:

Material Type	Target Capacity (by 2026)	Domestic 2025 Capacity (Est.)	Key Location(s)
Cathode Active Materials (CAM)	395,000 tons	150,000 tons (Domestic total by 2025)	Gwangyang, Pohang, Gumi (Korea)
Anode Active Materials	114,000 tons	Not explicitly stated for 2025, but unique in Korea as a supplier	Sejong (Natural Graphite)

The Gwangyang precursor plant, completed in mid-2025, has an annual capacity of 45,000 tons, enough for approximately 500,000 electric vehicles, and is key to securing a China-free supply chain. The Pohang cathode plant alone is slated to augment its annual manufacturing capacity up to 60,000 tons by 2025.

Commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 for green supply chains

POSCO Holdings Inc. has established a clear long-term goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 through its Decarbonization Roadmap. This commitment is being backed by tangible facility investments, such as the construction of a new Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) facility at Gwangyang Works with an annual capacity of 2.5 million tons, targeting operational launch in 2026. The EAF method offers a reduction in carbon emissions by up to 75% compared to conventional blast furnace operations. For the near term, the company's roadmap includes a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% by 2030 from 2021 levels. In 2024, the actual performance recorded was 71.1 million tons against a target of 75.7 million tons.

Stable, customized supply of premium materials to top global automakers

The value proposition includes providing a stable and customized supply of high-specification materials, particularly for the electric vehicle market. POSCO Future M is focusing on upgrading its cathode products to high-nickel NCM and NCMA, with development of a 96% Ni content product slated for pilot production in the latter half of 2024. The company's ability to supply both cathode and anode active materials uniquely positions it to serve top-tier global automakers. The Gwangyang precursor facility is specifically designed to produce precursors for export to Ultium Cells LLC, the joint venture with General Motors Co. in the U.S.

Diversified business portfolio across steel, materials, and infrastructure

POSCO Holdings Inc. mitigates risk and captures growth through a diversified structure encompassing Steel, Rechargeable Battery Materials (RBM), and Infrastructure. The Q1 2025 consolidated sales were 17.437 trillion won, with the Infrastructure business sector achieving an operating profit of 307 billion won in that quarter, representing an increase of 181.7% compared to the previous quarter, driven by gas field sales at POSCO International. The RBM business saw anode material sales volume increase as customers diversified supply chains in Q1 2025.

Here's a look at the Q1 2025 financial contribution to consolidated revenue (based on one reported figure):

Business Segment	Q1 2025 Revenue (KRW billion)	Q1 2025 Operating Profit (KRW billion)
Steel (POSCO)	Approx. 14,202 (Q3 2025 figure, using as proxy for segment scale)	450 (Q1 2025, based on 450 billion won increase over prior quarter)
Infrastructure (POSCO International, E&C, etc.)	Not explicitly segmented in revenue for Q1 2025	307
Rechargeable Battery Materials (RBM)	Not explicitly segmented in revenue for Q1 2025	Operating loss decreased from previous quarter

The company is actively managing its portfolio, having completed 7 projects in asset restructuring by Q3 2025, generating KRW 400 billion in cash.

POSCO Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're looking at how POSCO Holdings Inc. maintains its crucial relationships with its diverse customer base as of late 2025. It's not just about shipping steel anymore; it's about deep integration into future-facing supply chains, especially in mobility.

Dedicated R&D collaboration with key automotive clients

POSCO Holdings Inc. is actively cementing relationships with future mobility leaders through its subsidiary, POSCO Future M. This involves direct, technology-focused partnerships. For instance, in December 2025, POSCO Future M signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with U.S.-based Factorial to cooperate on developing materials for all-solid-state batteries (ASSB). Factorial already has commercial partnerships with global automotive leaders like Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Hyundai Motor Company, and Kia Corporation. This collaboration is designed to leverage POSCO Future M's competitiveness in cathode and anode materials with Factorial's battery cell technology.

The focus here is on securing future demand by developing customized products. POSCO Future M is working to build a product portfolio that covers entry-level, standard, and premium electric vehicles segments.

• Cooperation on next-generation all-solid-state battery materials.
• R&D on cathode materials for ASSB and silicon anode materials is ongoing.
• Group-level R&D continues for lithium metal anode materials and sulfide-based solid electrolytes.

Long-term supply contracts for high-margin steel and materials

Securing raw material supply through long-term contracts is a bedrock for POSCO Holdings Inc.'s stability, which directly impacts its ability to promise consistent supply to its industrial customers. These contracts often feature periodic price adjustments based on the market, which helps manage margin volatility.

Here's a look at some of the material commitments as of mid-2025. Remember, these figures represent the remaining volume under contract, not new orders.

Material	Remaining Volume (as of June 30, 2025)	Remaining Volume (as of March 31, 2025)
Iron Ore	64 million tons	76 million tons
Coal	17 million tons	5 million tons

Also, for its infrastructure segment, POSCO International Corporation has a long-term power supply and demand contract for electricity from its Indonesian Combined Cycle Power Plant, with expiration dates set for February 28, 2039, and March 31, 2039, for Units 1 and 2, respectively.

Professional B2B sales and technical support for industrial clients

For its core industrial clients, POSCO Holdings Inc. relies on robust sales performance and an understanding of modern B2B buying behavior. The company reported consolidated sales of 17.437 trillion won for the first quarter of 2025, achieving an operating profit of 568 billion won. Within the steel business specifically, operating profit reached 450 billion won, marking a 34.7% increase compared to the prior quarter (Q4 2024), driven by sales price increases and cost reduction efforts.

To effectively engage these industrial buyers, POSCO Holdings Inc. must navigate complex decision-making units. Industry data suggests that B2B decision-makers use an average of 10 distinct channels to interact with suppliers. This means technical support and sales outreach must be coordinated across multiple touchpoints, definitely requiring strong CRM integration.

Investor relations and transparent ESG reporting for shareholders

Shareholders expect clear communication on long-term strategy and risk management, which POSCO Holdings Inc. addresses through its annual sustainability reporting. The 2024 POSCO Holdings Sustainability Report, released in July 2025, details its 'two core + new growth engine' strategy, measuring progress through an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) perspective. The report aligns with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards and reflects the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards for iron and steel producers.

The company emphasizes building a cooperative ecosystem with stakeholders and developing sustainable supply chain policies. For transparency, the ESG Factbook for 2024 includes data from POSCO's domestic worksites and 11 overseas subsidiaries. External validation is also key to investor confidence:

• Received a rating of 1 across all QualityScore pillars by ISS ESG in January 2024.
• Recognized as an Industry Top Rated company by Sustainalytics in January 2024.
• Received an overall A+ ESG rating (A in Environmental / A+ in Social / A+ in Governance) from the Korea Institute of Corporate Governance and Sustainability in October 2023.

Finance: draft the 13-week cash view by Friday.

POSCO Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

Direct sales force to major industrial and construction customers.

POSCO Holdings Inc. moved KRW 72.688 trillion in consolidated sales in 2024, indicating the scale supported by its direct sales infrastructure. The steel business, which is a core part of the direct sales channel, recorded an operating profit margin ratio of 5.7% in Q2 2025. The company plans to secure global business opportunities by expanding investments in high-growth, high-profit markets such as North America. POSCO Holdings recorded Q3 2025 revenue of KRW 17.261 trillion. This channel supports the core steel business, which saw a 4% year-over-year increase in sales volume in Q2 2025.

Global trading network via POSCO International subsidiary.

POSCO International Corporation's trading operations are significant, with sales arising from export transactions and triangular transactions accounting for 86% of the Group's total sales as of December 31, 2024. The infrastructure business, which includes POSCO International's energy value chain expansion, posted an operating profit of KRW 307 billion in Q1 2025, marking an increase of 181.7% compared to the previous quarter. POSCO International has set a target to double its shareholder return ratio to 50% starting from 2025, up from 25% previously.

The operational performance of POSCO International's key segments in Q1 2025 included:

• Operating Profit Ratio: 3.3% for Materials, etc.
• Operating Profit Ratio: 3.3% for Energy.

Overseas processing centers (e.g., North America) for localized supply.

POSCO Holdings Inc. maintains processing centers in North America and Mexico to provide localized supply, particularly for the automotive steel market. The capacity figures for these centers as of early 2025 are detailed below.

Processing Center Location	Subsidiary/Affiliate	Processing Capacity
McCalla, US	POSCO-AAPC	160Kt
Puebla, Mexico	POSCO-MPPC	630Kt
Villagran, Mexico	POSCO-MVWPC	25Kt

Joint ventures and direct equity stakes in resource projects.

The company utilizes equity stakes and joint ventures to secure raw materials, such as lithium. POSCO Holdings announced investment plans of KRW 1.1 trillion to secure quality lithium resources in Australia and Argentina. This investment aims to secure 270,000 tons annually of lithium concentrate, which is enough for approximately 37,000 tons of lithium hydroxide, sufficient for about 860,000 electric vehicles. The Indonesian joint venture, PT. Krakatau POSCO, has an annual production capability of 3 million tons of steel.

Summarized financial information for select foreign joint ventures as of the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, shows the scale of operations flowing through these channels:

Foreign Joint Venture	Assets (W million)	Sales (W million)	Net Income (W million)
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd	W. 10,751,129	W. 1,724,530	W. 432,223
South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd	W. 1,615,842	W. 125,856	W. 68,432
9404-5515 Quebec Inc.	W. 1,650,839	-	W. 25,818

The infrastructure business segment, which includes energy and construction, saw its operating profit reach KRW 307 billion in Q1 2025. The company is completing restructuring projects, targeting a cumulative cash generation of KRW 2.1 trillion by the end of 2025 from 106 projects.

POSCO Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

You're looking at the core groups POSCO Holdings Inc. serves, which is how they turn their massive material production into actual revenue. It's a mix of traditional heavy industry and the new energy transition.

Global Automotive Manufacturers (OEMs) requiring advanced steel.

This segment relies on POSCO Holdings Inc.'s high-grade steel products. The relationship is being reinforced through strategic alliances, such as the one announced with Hyundai Motor Group for future mobility areas, which includes steel supply. For the second quarter of 2025, POSCO's finished steel sales rose by 3.9 percent year on year to 8.17 million mt. However, the first quarter of 2025 showed final steel sales at 8.15 million tons, a slight dip of 0.9 percent year-on-year. Crude steel production for Q2 2025 was 8.37 million mt.

Secondary Battery and Cell Manufacturers (EV and ESS).

This is the high-growth area, driven by POSCO Future M Co. The company is aggressively targeting this market. POSCO Holdings Inc. has a goal of achieving 62 trillion won in sales from secondary battery materials by 2030. For 2026, the annual sales target was set at 11 trillion won for materials like cathode, anode, lithium, and nickel. To support this, POSCO announced plans in November 2025 to invest KRW 1.1 trillion to secure raw materials, which will provide a stable annual supply of 270,000 tons of lithium concentrate. This amount is enough to produce approximately 860,000 electric vehicles. The planned 2026 production capacity includes 395,000 tons of cathode and 114,000 tons of anode. The operating loss in the energy materials business widened quarter-over-quarter in Q2 2025 due to decreased cathode materials sales.

Major Construction and Civil Engineering Companies.

This segment falls under the Infrastructure business, which has seen some volatility. In the second quarter of 2025, operating profit for the infrastructure business slumped 46 percent year-on-year. This was partly due to POSCO E&C swinging to a loss from additional costs on overseas projects. To give you a contrast, in the first quarter of 2025, the infrastructure sector actually posted an operating profit of 307 billion won, which was a significant increase of 181.7 percent compared to the previous quarter. POSCO Holdings Inc. aims to complete 106 projects by the end of 2025 to generate a cumulative cash inflow of KRW 2.1 trillion from restructuring low-yield businesses.

Energy and Power Generation Companies (LNG, power plants).

POSCO Holdings Inc. serves this segment through its energy value chain expansion, particularly via POSCO International. A key area is supplying advanced steel for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) infrastructure. POSCO is using its cryogenic high manganese steel for LNG storage, which is about 30 percent cheaper than the conventional 9 percent nickel steel. The high manganese steel contains 22.5 to 25.5 percent manganese. The improved performance in the power generation sector contributed to the infrastructure business's Q1 2025 operating profit.

Shipbuilders and Heavy Equipment Manufacturers.

This group is a direct consumer of specialized steel products, like the high manganese steel developed for LNG carriers. POSCO Holdings Inc. secured the implementation of this material with Hanwha Ocean, formerly Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering. The high manganese steel offers superior strength and elongation compared to traditional materials.

Here's a quick look at some of the key financial and operational metrics relevant to these customer groups as of mid-to-late 2025:

Customer Segment Focus	Metric	Value / Target	Period / Context
Secondary Battery Materials	2030 Sales Target	62 trillion won	By 2030
Secondary Battery Materials	Secured Lithium Concentrate	270,000 tons annually	From Wodgina and Mt. Marion mines
Secondary Battery Materials	Planned Cathode Production Capacity	395,000 tons	By 2026
Global Automotive (Steel)	Finished Steel Sales Volume	8.17 million mt	Q2 2025, YoY increase of 3.9 percent
Construction/Infrastructure	Infrastructure Sector Operating Profit	307 billion won	Q1 2025
Construction/Infrastructure	Infrastructure Sector Profit Change	Increase of 181.7 percent	Q1 2025 vs. previous quarter
Energy (LNG)	High Manganese Steel Cost Advantage	About 30 percent cheaper	Compared to 9 percent nickel steel

You'll want to watch the steel sales volume closely, as it's the bedrock of the business, even as the battery materials segment scales up toward its 11 trillion won annual sales goal by 2026. Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

POSCO Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

The cost structure for POSCO Holdings Inc. is heavily influenced by the procurement of primary inputs for its core steel business and massive capital outlays for its future-facing energy materials segment.

The cost of raw materials remains a significant variable. For the core steel business, key raw material costs for carbon steel showed a slight decrease, moving from an index of 100 in Q4 2024 to 99 in Q1 2025. The company is actively managing this through strategies like retiring older blast furnaces, with the Pohang No. 2 furnace potentially closing or revamping as early as 2025. The overall strategy includes securing a technology pathway to manage raw material risks, such as through R&D on hydrogen-reduced iron ore.

Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) for the green transition and new facilities is substantial. POSCO Group has committed to spending KRW 121 trillion (approximately $92.6 billion) globally by 2030, with KRW 73 trillion earmarked for domestic businesses. The planned consolidated CAPEX budget for the full year 2025 was set at KRW 8.8 trillion, of which KRW 1.5 trillion was executed in Q1 2025 on a consolidated basis.

The push for technological superiority drives R&D spending. Data for the twelve months ending June 30, 2025, indicates Research and Development Expenses were reported as $0M, representing a 0% year-over-year change. This R&D is integrated into the overall investment plan, with a portion of the 2025 CAPEX allocated to R&D activities.

For the mainstay steel business, cost-cutting and efficiency improvements have already yielded results, creating an additional revenue/cost benefit by a combined KRW 230 billion since Chairman Chang took the helm (as of July 2024). The company has an operational cost savings target of over KRW 1 trillion annually in steel, which is a key driver for facility rationalization.

A major financial commitment in 2025 was the strategic investment into the battery materials sector to navigate the electric vehicle market slowdown. POSCO Holdings approved a total investment of KRW 922.6 billion in its three key battery material affiliates through capital increases in May 2025. This capital injection aims to secure future competitiveness and improve financial structures.

Here is the breakdown of the KRW 922.6 billion investment into battery material affiliates in 2025:

Affiliate	Investment Amount (KRW billion)	Investment Amount (USD million)
POSCO Future M Co.	525.6	(Implied from total)
POSCO Pilbara Lithium Solution	328.0	(Implied from total)
POSCO GS Eco Materials	69.0	(Implied from total)
Total Investment	922.6	633

The allocation of the 2025 CAPEX budget of KRW 8.8 trillion shows the strategic priorities:

• Steel: 41%
• Energy Materials: 38%
• Infrastructure: 19%
• R&D: 2%

The investment in the Energy Materials segment, which includes battery materials, is a significant portion of the total planned CAPEX for 2025.

POSCO Holdings Inc. (PKX) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

The revenue streams for POSCO Holdings Inc. are fundamentally anchored in its legacy steel operations but are increasingly diversified by its strategic pivot into future growth engines like energy materials and infrastructure services. You see the core business still driving the bulk of the top line, but the newer segments are showing significant operational improvements, which translates to future revenue potential.

Sales of steel products, including plates, wire rods, and hot/cold rolled steel, remain the primary revenue driver for POSCO Holdings Inc. This segment is the bedrock of the company's financial performance. For instance, in Q1 2025, the steel business operating profit reached KRW 450 billion, marking a 34.7% increase compared to the previous quarter, driven by sales price increases and cost reduction efforts. The company is also focusing on expanding investments in high-growth markets like India and North America for its steel products.

The next major component is revenue from secondary battery materials, now officially termed the Energy Materials segment following an internal reorganization in January 2025. This area includes sales of cathode and anode materials, as well as lithium hydroxide. While this segment continued to incur operating losses in Q1 2025 due to new plant ramp-ups and lithium business profitability challenges, POSCO Future M expanded sales of high-nickel cathode materials, and anode material sales volume increased as customers diversified supply chains. POSCO Holdings has a stated goal of achieving annual sales of 11 trillion won from battery materials by 2026.

Revenue from infrastructure is a growing stream encompassing several sub-businesses. This includes revenue from trading commissions and construction contracts managed through subsidiaries like POSCO International and POSCO E&C. The infrastructure business sector showed quite solid performance in Q1 2025, with operating profit reaching KRW 307 billion, which was a substantial 181.7% increase from the prior quarter.

Finally, there is revenue derived from energy sales, primarily from POSCO International's gas field operations and power generation activities, which contribute to the Infrastructure segment's overall results. Increased gas field sales at POSCO International and improved performance in the power generation sector were key drivers in the infrastructure segment's Q1 2025 operating profit surge.

To give you a clearer picture of the scale and segment focus based on the most recent reported period, here is a look at the consolidated revenue and the Q1 2025 operating profit contributions across the key areas. Remember, the revenue figures are based on the consolidated top line, and the segment data below reflects operating profit, which shows where the profitability was concentrated early in 2025.

Financial Metric	Amount (KRW)	Period/Context
Consolidated Revenue	17.437 trillion	Q1 2025
2024 Consolidated Sales	72.688 trillion	Full Year 2024
Steel Segment Operating Profit	450 billion	Q1 2025
Infrastructure Segment Operating Profit	307 billion	Q1 2025
Energy Materials Segment Operating Result	Operating loss reduced by half Q-o-Q	Q1 2025
Energy Materials Annual Sales Target	11 trillion (by 2026)	Future Goal

You can see the concentration of operating profit in Q1 2025 was heavily weighted toward the traditional steel business, even as the infrastructure segment delivered a massive sequential improvement. The energy materials business is still in an investment/ramp-up phase, meaning its revenue contribution is currently smaller than its long-term strategic importance suggests.

Here are the key revenue-related activities POSCO Holdings Inc. is focused on:

• Sales of plates, wire rods, and hot/cold rolled steel products.
• Expansion of high-nickel cathode and anode material sales.
• Securing revenue from POSCO International's gas field sales.
• Generating income from POSCO E&C construction contracts.
• Trading commissions generated through logistics and trading arms.

The consolidated Q1 2025 revenue came in at KRW 17.437 trillion. This figure represented a decrease of approximately 2.1% compared to the previous quarter (Q4 2024). For context, the full-year 2024 consolidated sales were KRW 72.688 trillion.

Finance: review Q2 2025 segment operating profit data against the Q1 2025 figures by next Tuesday.