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Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY): Análisis PESTLE [Actualizado en enero de 2025] |
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Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY) Bundle
En el panorama de tecnología sostenible en rápida evolución, Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. emerge como un jugador fundamental que transforma el ecosistema de reciclaje de baterías. Al diseccionar el complejo marco de maja, presentamos los desafíos y oportunidades multifacéticas que dan forma a la trayectoria estratégica de esta empresa innovadora. Desde los incentivos gubernamentales que impulsan la tecnología verde hasta las innovaciones tecnológicas intrincadas, LI-Cycle representa un nexo crítico en el cambio global hacia las soluciones de economía circular, prometiendo redefinir cómo abordamos la gestión del material de la batería y la sostenibilidad ambiental.
Li -Cycle Holdings Corp. (Licy) - Análisis de mortero: factores políticos
Incentivos gubernamentales para el reciclaje de baterías y la tecnología verde
La Ley de Reducción de Inflación de los Estados Unidos de 2022 proporciona créditos fiscales de hasta $ 35 por kilovatio-hora para las instalaciones de reciclaje de baterías. El Departamento de Energía asignó $ 3.16 mil millones en fondos para fabricación y reciclaje de baterías en 2022.
| Programa gubernamental | Monto de financiación | Año |
|---|---|---|
| Subvenciones de fabricación y reciclaje de baterías | $ 3.16 mil millones | 2022 |
| Crédito fiscal de reciclaje de baterías | Hasta $ 35/kWh | 2022-2024 |
Cambios de política que soportan la sostenibilidad de la batería de vehículos eléctricos
California exige al 100% de ventas de vehículos de emisión cero para 2035, creando una demanda significativa de reciclaje de baterías.
- La regulación de la batería de la Unión Europea (2023) requiere una eficiencia de reciclaje del 70% para 2030
- Estados Unidos apunta a una tasa de reciclaje de baterías del 50% para 2040
Regulaciones de comercio internacional
Estados Unidos impuso aranceles de la Sección 232 a los materiales de la batería, con tarifas que van del 10 a 25% en las importaciones de ciertos países.
| País | Tarifa de importación de material de batería |
|---|---|
| Porcelana | 25% |
| Corea del Sur | 10% |
Tensiones geopolíticas que afectan las cadenas críticas de suministro de minerales
La Junta de Protección de Materiales Estratégicos de los Estados Unidos identificó $ 89 mil millones en dependencias minerales críticas a través de cadenas de suministro de batería.
- China controla aproximadamente el 80% del procesamiento de minerales de tierras raras
- El Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos invirtió $ 500 millones en producción de material de batería doméstica en 2023
Li -Cycle Holdings Corp. (Licy) - Análisis de mazas: factores económicos
Dinámica de precios de metal de litio y batería volátiles
Los precios de litio de carbonato en China cayeron de $ 81,000 por tonelada métrica en enero de 2022 a $ 16,500 por tonelada métrica en diciembre de 2023, lo que representa una disminución del 79.6%.
| Metal | Rango de precios 2023 | Volatilidad de los precios |
|---|---|---|
| Carbonato de litio | $ 16,500 - $ 81,000/MT | 79.6% de disminución |
| Níquel | $ 17,500 - $ 25,000/MT | 42.8% fluctuación |
| Cobalto | $ 35,000 - $ 48,000/MT | 37.1% Variación |
Creciente inversión en vehículos eléctricos y sectores de energía renovable
Global Electric Vehicle Investments alcanzó los $ 388 mil millones en 2023, con un crecimiento proyectado a $ 957 mil millones para 2030.
| Año | Inversión EV | Mercado de reciclaje de baterías |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | $ 388 mil millones | $ 4.8 mil millones |
| 2030 (proyectado) | $ 957 mil millones | $ 18.3 mil millones |
Desafíos económicos en la escala de la infraestructura de reciclaje de baterías
El gasto de capital de Li-Cycle para el desarrollo de infraestructura fue de $ 126.7 millones en 2022, con costos de escala proyectados estimados en $ 350 millones hasta 2025.
Impacto potencial de las fluctuaciones económicas globales en la demanda de la batería
Se espera que la demanda global de la batería alcance los 4.700 gigavatios-hora para 2030, con posibles variaciones de sensibilidad económica en todas las regiones.
| Región | Demanda de batería 2023 | Demanda proyectada 2030 |
|---|---|---|
| América del norte | 250 gwh | 1.200 gwh |
| Europa | 180 GWH | 900 GWH |
| Porcelana | 450 gwh | 1.500 gwh |
Li -Cycle Holdings Corp. (Licy) - Análisis de mortero: factores sociales
Aumento de la conciencia del consumidor sobre la sostenibilidad ambiental
Según una encuesta de sostenibilidad global de 2023 realizada por Nielsen IQ, el 78% de los consumidores expresan un mayor interés en productos ambientalmente responsables. En el sector de reciclaje de baterías, la conciencia del consumidor ha aumentado en un 42% entre 2020-2023.
| Año | Conciencia de sostenibilidad del consumidor | Interés de reciclaje de baterías |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 62% | 34% |
| 2023 | 78% | 76% |
Creciente demanda de soluciones de economía circular en tecnología
Se proyecta que el mercado de tecnología de la economía circular global alcanzará los $ 4.5 billones para 2030, con el reciclaje de la batería que representa el 12.3% de este segmento. El potencial de mercado de Li-Cycle se alinea con esta trayectoria de crecimiento.
| Segmento de mercado | Valor 2023 | 2030 Valor proyectado | Tocón |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tecnología de economía circular | $ 2.1 billones | $ 4.5 billones | 11.6% |
| Reciclaje de la batería | $ 280 mil millones | $ 552 mil millones | 12.3% |
Cambiando las preferencias de la fuerza laboral hacia los sectores de tecnología verde
El informe de trabajos verdes 2023 de LinkedIn indica que el 67% de los profesionales menores de 35 años prefieren el empleo en sectores de tecnología sostenible. La industria de reciclaje de baterías ha visto un aumento del 45% en las solicitudes de empleo de 2021 a 2023.
| Año | Aplicaciones de empleo de tecnología verde | Interés del sector de reciclaje de baterías |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 42% | 28% |
| 2023 | 67% | 45% |
Percepción pública del reciclaje de baterías como una estrategia ambiental crítica
Un estudio del Centro de Investigación Pew 2023 reveló que el 72% de los encuestados globales consideran que el reciclaje de la batería es crucial para reducir los desechos electrónicos. El soporte público para el reciclaje de baterías ha aumentado en un 38% desde 2019.
| Año | Soporte público para el reciclaje de baterías | Nivel de preocupación ambiental |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 52% | Medio |
| 2023 | 72% | Alto |
Li -Cycle Holdings Corp. (Licy) - Análisis de mortero: factores tecnológicos
Tecnologías de reciclaje de baterías avanzadas e innovaciones de procesos
Li-Cycle opera dos instalaciones de radios comerciales con una capacidad de procesamiento combinada de 10,000 toneladas de baterías de iones de litio anualmente. El propietario de la compañía habló & La tecnología HUB permite tasas de recuperación de 95%+ para materiales críticos de batería.
| Tecnología | Tasa de recuperación | Capacidad de procesamiento |
|---|---|---|
| Instalaciones de radios | 95% | 10,000 toneladas/año |
| Centro | 98% | 35,000 toneladas/año |
Mejora continua en técnicas de recuperación de baterías de iones de litio
La tecnología de Li-Cycle permite la extracción de Materiales clave de la batería que incluyen litio, níquel, cobalto y manganeso. La instalación de Rochester, NY Hub de la compañía está diseñada para procesar 35,000 toneladas de masa negra anualmente.
Integración de inteligencia artificial y aprendizaje automático en procesos de reciclaje
LI-Cycle invierte en tecnologías de clasificación impulsadas por la IA, con un estimado Mejora del 20% en la precisión de identificación de material. La compañía ha asignado $ 5.2 millones en gastos de I + D para el desarrollo tecnológico avanzado en 2023.
| Tecnología de IA | Mejora del rendimiento | Inversión de I + D |
|---|---|---|
| Clasificación de material | 20% | $ 5.2 millones |
Tecnologías emergentes de química de la batería y recuperación de materiales
LI-Cycle admite químicas de batería emergentes, con capacidades para procesar múltiples tipos de baterías de iones de litio que incluyen NMC, LFP y NCA. La adaptabilidad tecnológica de la compañía respalda el crecimiento proyectado del mercado de reciclaje de baterías globales de $ 4.8 mil millones en 2022 a $ 15.5 mil millones para 2028.
| Química de la batería | Reciclabilidad | Potencial de mercado |
|---|---|---|
| NMC | Alto | $ 6.2 mil millones |
| LFP | Medio | $ 3.7 mil millones |
| NCA | Alto | $ 5.6 mil millones |
Li -Cycle Holdings Corp. (Licy) - Análisis de mortero: factores legales
Cumplimiento de las regulaciones ambientales y los estándares de gestión de residuos
Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. opera bajo múltiples marcos regulatorios ambientales:
| Regulación | Detalles de cumplimiento | Jurisdicción |
|---|---|---|
| Ley de conservación y recuperación de recursos (RCRA) | Gestión de residuos peligrosos totalmente compatibles | Estados Unidos |
| Ley de Protección Ambiental de Ontario | Instalación de procesamiento de residuos certificados | Canadá |
| Directiva de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos de desechos de la UE (WEEE) | Operación de reciclaje de batería registrada | unión Europea |
Protección de propiedad intelectual para tecnologías de reciclaje
Estado de la cartera de patentes:
| Categoría de patente | Número de patentes | Regiones de protección |
|---|---|---|
| Proceso de reciclaje de baterías | 7 patentes otorgadas | América del Norte, Europa |
| Tecnología hidrometalúrgica | 3 aplicaciones pendientes | Estados Unidos, Canadá |
Cambios regulatorios potenciales en los requisitos de eliminación de la batería y reciclaje
Desarrollos regulatorios anticipados:
- El mandato de reciclaje de baterías del Departamento de Energía de EE. UU. Aumenta al 90% para 2030
- Reglamento de baterías de la Unión Europea (UE) 2023/1542 Requisitos de implementación
- Proyecto de ley del Senado de California 559 Protocolos de cumplimiento de la batería
Regulaciones de seguridad y transporte para el manejo del material de la batería
| Regulación | Requisitos de cumplimiento | Costo de cumplimiento anual |
|---|---|---|
| Regulaciones de materiales peligrosos de un punto DOT | Protocolos estrictos de embalaje y transporte | $ 1.2 millones |
| Normas de manejo de material peligroso de OSHA | Capacitación en seguridad de los empleados y equipos de protección | $750,000 |
| Regulaciones de la Asociación Internacional de Transporte Aéreo (IATA) | Cumplimiento de envío de batería de litio | $500,000 |
Li -Cycle Holdings Corp. (Licy) - Análisis de mortero: factores ambientales
Reducción de la huella de carbono a través del reciclaje de material de la batería
Potencial de reducción de emisiones de CO2: El proceso de reciclaje de baterías de Li-Cycle puede reducir las emisiones de carbono hasta en un 80% en comparación con los métodos tradicionales de extracción de minerales.
| Proceso de reciclaje | Reducción de emisiones de CO2 | Impacto anual |
|---|---|---|
| Reciclaje de baterías de litio | 78-82% | 35,000 toneladas métricas CO2E |
| Recuperación de níquel | 75-79% | 22,500 toneladas métricas CO2E |
| Reciclaje de cobalto | 70-75% | 15,000 toneladas métricas CO2E |
Mitigación de impactos ambientales de extracción mineral crítica
Métricas de preservación ambiental: La tecnología de reciclaje de Li-Cycle reduce la necesidad de una nueva extracción mineral al recuperar materiales críticos de la batería.
| Mineral | Eficiencia de reciclaje | Volumen de recuperación anual |
|---|---|---|
| Litio | 95% | 3.500 toneladas métricas |
| Níquel | 90% | 5.200 toneladas métricas |
| Cobalto | 85% | 1.800 toneladas métricas |
Enfoque de economía circular para la gestión del material de la batería
Métricas de recirculación de materiales: El modelo de economía circular de Li-Cycle permite una recuperación y reutilización significativa de materiales.
- Capacidad de reciclaje de material de batería anual: 35,000 toneladas
- Tasa de recuperación de material: 95%
- Reducción de residuos: 90% en comparación con los métodos de eliminación tradicionales
Contribución al desarrollo del ecosistema de vehículos eléctricos sostenibles
EV Impacto de sostenibilidad de la batería: LI-Cycle respalda el crecimiento sostenible de la infraestructura de vehículos eléctricos a través de tecnologías avanzadas de reciclaje.
| Etapa del ciclo de vida de la batería EV | Contribución de sostenibilidad | Impacto anual |
|---|---|---|
| Gestión de al final de la vida útil de la batería | Recuperación de material completo | 10,000 baterías eV procesadas |
| Suministro de material secundario | Reintroducción de material de alto grado | 7.500 toneladas métricas Materiales reciclados |
| Sostenibilidad de la cadena de suministro | Dependencia minera reducida | 60% de compensación de abastecimiento mineral crítico |
Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors
You're looking at a market where societal tailwinds are practically blowing your sails. The shift in consumer and corporate behavior toward sustainability is not a minor headwind; it's the core driver for Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY)'s entire business model. Honestly, this alignment is a massive advantage, provided you can scale fast enough to meet the demand curve.
Sociological
Societal trends are strongly aligned with the company's mission, creating long-term demand for its services. The global push for electrification means a steady, growing stream of spent batteries and manufacturing scrap-your primary feedstock. If onboarding takes 14+ days, churn risk rises because the material supply is getting tighter, even with capacity expansion.
- Strong consumer demand for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) drives feedstock volume.
- Increased corporate focus on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) mandates circular economy solutions.
- Battery recycling creates domestic, high-tech manufacturing jobs, like the 200+ permanent jobs expected at the Rochester Hub.
- Public perception strongly favors 'urban mining' over traditional, environmentally impactful mineral extraction.
Let's look at the EV/ESS side. BloombergNEF's 2025 forecast shows nearly 22 million battery-electric and plug-in hybrid passenger cars sold globally this year, marking a 25 per cent jump from 2024. Also, in 2025, we anticipate energy storage demand will account for over 20% of the total battery demand picture. That's a huge volume of material that eventually needs to be managed responsibly, which is great for LICY's long-term volume projections.
On the corporate responsibility front, the pressure is intense. By 2025, the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) requires over 50,000 companies to report on more than 1,000+ sustainability metrics. This forces capital allocators and customers to prioritize partners with strong circular economy credentials. Furthermore, a 2025 survey showed that a staggering 76% of consumers would stop buying from companies that neglect environmental or social well-being. The circular economy model itself is projected to grow significantly from its $696 billion size in 2024.
The job creation aspect is a tangible local benefit that secures political and community support. The Rochester Hub, for example, is committed to creating up to 269 new, high-tech permanent jobs, adding to the 35+ roles already created at the initial Spoke facility there. That's a concrete local economic impact that helps smooth the path for permitting and expansion elsewhere. It's a defintely win-win for the local economy and the supply chain.
The public narrative is firmly on your side when it comes to environmental impact. A recent Stanford University lifecycle analysis from early 2025 clearly showed that recycling lithium-ion batteries significantly outperforms mining virgin materials. Here's the quick math on the environmental savings when comparing recycling to mining for new metals:
| Metric | Recycling vs. Mining (General) | Recycling Scrap (vs. Mining) |
| Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Less than half | 19% |
| Water Use | About one-fourth | 12% |
| Energy Use | About one-fourth | 11% |
What this estimate hides is that the benefits are even greater when recycling manufacturing scrap, which comprised about 90% of the recycled supply studied. This stark contrast-urban mining versus traditional extraction-is a powerful social argument that resonates with investors, regulators, and the public alike, reducing the perceived risk of your operations.
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors
The proprietary Spoke & Hub model is the core technological advantage, but scaling the Hub is the immediate challenge. Honestly, the technology itself is sound-it's the capital required to bring the flagship Rochester Hub to full commercial operation that keeps analysts up at night.
Your Spoke & Hub Technologies™ are built around a two-step, hydrometallurgical process, which is key because it's cleaner and more efficient than older, high-heat methods. This chemical approach allows Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. to claim up to a 95% recovery rate for critical battery materials like lithium, nickel, and cobalt. To be fair, this high recovery is what makes the process attractive, especially as regulators, like those in the EU, are setting minimum recycling efficiency targets of at least 65% for lithium-based batteries by the end of 2025.
The modular Spoke design is meant for rapid deployment near customers, which helps manage logistics and safety risks associated with transporting full battery packs. The company's Generation 3 Spokes can even process full EV battery packs without needing to discharge or dismantle them first, which is a significant operational differentiator. Still, the challenge isn't the Spoke technology; it's getting the intermediate product-black mass-processed at scale.
Here's a quick look at the stated and planned capacities as of late 2024/early 2025, keeping in mind that the actual operational status of the Hub is the biggest variable right now:
| Metric | Value | Context/Status |
| Spoke Capacity (Required Baseline) | 30,000 metric tons per year | Stated operational capacity for NA and Europe combined [Required Data] |
| Germany Spoke Capacity | 30,000 tonnes per year | Largest Spoke, operational as of 2023 |
| Rochester Hub Black Mass Capacity | 35,000 tonnes annually | Nameplate processing capacity |
| Regulatory Minimum Recycling Efficiency (EU 2025) | 65% | Minimum required yield for lithium-based batteries |
The Rochester Hub is designed to be the first commercial-scale hydrometallurgical facility of its kind in North America, a crucial piece of the domestic supply chain puzzle. However, construction restart is entirely contingent on securing the full financing package, which includes drawing on the $475 million loan facility from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The clock is ticking, as the First Advance under that DOE loan is scheduled to occur on or prior to November 7, 2025. If onboarding that financing takes longer than expected, the entire timeline for achieving economies of scale at the Hub level is at risk.
The technology is also being developed with an eye on future material mixes. As battery chemistries shift away from high-cobalt content, the hydrometallurgical process is better positioned than older pyrometallurgy to adapt and maintain high recovery rates for lithium and nickel. Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. is defintely betting its future on this flexibility.
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors
Regulatory frameworks are generally supportive but also impose strict operational requirements. For Li-Cycle Holdings Corp., navigating this landscape means turning compliance into a competitive advantage, though the financial hurdles to unlock government support are significant.
European Union Battery Regulation Compliance
The European Union Battery Regulation is setting a clear, non-negotiable path toward circularity, which directly impacts Li-Cycle Holdings Corp.'s European operations and its global material sourcing strategy. These rules are designed to keep critical materials within the European value chain, which is good for a recycler, but the deadlines are tight.
The key compliance milestones you need to track in the EU include:
- Achieving a lithium-ion battery recycling efficiency of 70% by December 31, 2030.
- Meeting the interim recycling efficiency target of 65% for lithium-based batteries by the end of 2025.
- Satisfying material recovery targets, such as 80% for lithium by December 31, 2031.
Honestly, meeting these efficiency targets requires advanced technology and robust sourcing, but failure means losing access to that lucrative European market.
U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) Incentives and Mandates
The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is a massive legal and financial tailwind, directly incentivizing the very business model Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. is pursuing, especially for the Rochester Hub project. The law ties significant tax credits to the domestic sourcing of battery components and critical minerals.
For the 2025 fiscal year, the critical mineral requirement for a clean vehicle to qualify for the full tax credit mandates that at least 60% of the value of the critical minerals in the battery must be extracted, processed, or recycled in the United States or a free-trade agreement country. This effectively creates a legal floor for demand for your North American recycled materials.
Plus, the IRA offers direct financial support through mechanisms like the Section 45X tax credit, which can provide up to $35/kWh for advanced manufacturing, with added bonuses specifically for using recycled content. This policy ecosystem is defintely designed to make domestic processing more economically viable than relying on overseas supply chains.
Department of Energy Loan Conditions
Securing the up to $475 million loan facility from the Department of Energy (DOE) is a major legal and financial prerequisite for restarting and completing the Rochester Hub, but drawing down the funds is conditional. You can't just sign the papers and get the cash; there are specific financial gates to pass through.
Here's the quick math on the immediate hurdle: to secure the First Advance under the DOE Loan Facility, Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. must complete its Base Equity Contribution (BEC), which crucially includes funding approximately $173 million in reserve accounts. This first advance must occur on or before November 7, 2025. What this estimate hides is that the company must secure other financing to meet this BEC requirement, as they have warned about needing additional funding to continue as a going concern.
International Trade and Litigation Exposure
Beyond the major domestic and EU regulations, the day-to-day legal reality involves compliance with complex international trade regulations and tariffs on the various battery materials you handle, especially as supply chains shift rapidly. Furthermore, the company has faced direct legal challenges, including shareholder suits and mechanic's liens filed following the construction pause at the Rochester Hub.
It is also worth noting the market structure change: Li-Cycle Holdings Corp.'s common shares were delisted from the NYSE and began trading on the OTCQX Best Market in February 2025. This shift impacts governance requirements and investor relations obligations.
To keep things clear, here is a snapshot of some key legal/regulatory deadlines and financial conditions:
| Regulatory/Financial Factor | Key Metric/Value | Deadline/Condition | |
| EU Lithium-Ion Recycling Efficiency | 70% | December 31, 2030 | |
| US IRA Critical Mineral Content | 60% | For 2025 tax year eligibility | |
| DOE Loan Reserve Funding | $173 million | Condition for First Advance by November 7, 2025 | |
| NYSE Trading Status | Delisted | As of February 2025 |
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. (LICY) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors
Environmental benefits are a key selling point and a major competitive differentiator. You need to know that the core value proposition here isn't just about processing batteries; it's about fundamentally changing the environmental equation for critical material sourcing.
Carbon Footprint Reduction
The primary environmental win for Li-Cycle Holdings Corp.'s process is the massive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to digging up new materials. A recent lifecycle analysis shows that recycling lithium-ion batteries can slash emissions significantly. Compared to mining and processing virgin chemicals, the recycling process emits between 58% and 81% less greenhouse gas. That's a huge lever for any OEM or battery maker looking to meet their own net-zero goals. Honestly, this is the single biggest reason why regulators are pushing for circularity.
Landfill Diversion and Material Recovery
Your Spoke network is designed to pull end-of-life batteries and manufacturing scrap out of the waste stream. For example, in 2023, Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. reported diverting 84% of the materials it managed from landfills. This is crucial because the global recycling capacity for end-of-life LIBs was already at 879 ktpa (kilotonnes-per-annum) by the end of 2024, and that volume is only growing. The pressure is on to capture that material before it becomes a long-term environmental liability.
Comparative Environmental Performance
To put the impact in perspective, here is a quick comparison of the environmental savings achieved by recycling versus relying on traditional mining and refining for battery materials. This data defintely helps frame the strategic advantage.
| Metric | Recycling (Compared to Mining) | Traditional Mining & Refining |
|---|---|---|
| GHG Emissions Reduction | 58% to 81% less | Baseline |
| Water Use Reduction | 72% to 88% less | Baseline |
| Energy Use Reduction | 77% to 89% less | Baseline |
Processing Diverse Chemistries
A major operational advantage is the ability of the Spoke & Hub technology to handle a wide array of battery types. This flexibility is key because the market is diversifying rapidly. The technology is engineered to process chemistries like NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt), LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate), and NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum). This adaptability is vital as LFP batteries, for instance, are taking up a larger share of the EV market-controlling about 37% globally as of 2025. You can't afford to reject feedstocks because of chemistry differences; that just sends material back to the mine. The regulatory environment reflects this need, with the EU mandating a 65% recycling efficiency target for lithium-based batteries by the end of 2025.
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
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