Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN): Business Model Canvas [Dec-2025 Updated]

You're digging into Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) now, trying to map out if their strategic shift to synthetic DNA production via LineaRx is gaining traction after that big pivot. Honestly, it's a tight spot: they are forecasting $9 million in revenue for fiscal 2025 by selling high-fidelity IVT templates, but they still posted a $3.7 million operating loss in Q3, leaving them with $4.7 million in cash as of June 30, 2025. We've mapped out their entire Business Model Canvas-from their proprietary cell-free manufacturing to their key biopharma customer segments-so you can see the exact structure supporting this high-stakes transition. Keep reading to see the nine blocks defining their path forward.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Key Partnerships

You're looking at the structure of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.'s (APDN) core business as of late 2025, specifically focusing on the external relationships that power the LineaRx subsidiary. Honestly, the company has made some sharp turns, exiting the DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services segment in February 2025 and ceasing operations at Applied DNA Clinical Labs (ADCL) in June 2025 to focus exclusively on synthetic DNA manufacturing via LineaRx. This focus means partnerships are now almost entirely geared toward biotherapeutics.

Biopharma companies for LineaDNA supply agreements

The supply agreements for LineaDNA are a key revenue driver for the Therapeutic DNA Production (LineaRx) segment, which saw revenues increase by 44% year-over-year in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 ended March 31, 2025.

• Received a seventh follow-on order valued at more than $600,000 from a global IVD manufacturer (July 2025).
• The Q3 fiscal 2025 period included a follow-on order for LineaDNA valued at over $600 thousand from a global IVD manufacturer.
• The LineaDNA platform can generate DNA in quantities from milligrams to grams under RUO, GLP, and GMP quality grades.
• As of Q1 fiscal 2025, there were over 25 active projects in fiscal 2024 utilizing the Linea DNA and Linea IVT platforms.
• The company is actively negotiating a GMP supply agreement with an mRNA therapeutic developer as of January 2025.

Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs) for platform validation

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. is actively engaging CDMOs to validate and scale its cell-free DNA production methods, which is crucial for driving new customer acquisition under the LineaRx brand.

To be fair, the CDMO sector itself is active; for instance, Agilent completed a $925M purchase of Biovectra in Q3 2024.

Academic and clinical research institutions for CAR-T and gene therapy trials

The Linea DNA platform is being positioned to address cost and time inefficiencies in cell therapy manufacturing, a market where gene therapies accounted for 49% of all cell, gene, and RNA therapeutics in development as of Q3 2024.

• Initiation of a Phase I clinical trial for CD123-specific CAR-T cells using synthetic LineaDNA™ technology, targeting AML, announced in September 2025.
• The trial is being conducted by the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (ÚHKT) in Prague.
• Regulatory approval for this Phase I clinical trial using Linea DNA technology was secured (as of December 2024).
• Preclinical data demonstrated high potency and rapid, cost-efficient CAR T-cell production via the non-viral workflow.
• Additional customer clinical trials were expected to initiate in calendar 2025 (as of December 2024).

Distributors for LineaRx products in specific geographic markets

Specific data regarding established distribution agreements for LineaRx products in defined geographic markets is not explicitly detailed in the latest financial reports, though the company is focused on customer acquisition globally, including an APAC-based CDMO customer.

Technology partners for proprietary RNA polymerase (RNAP) development

The Linea IVT platform relies on a proprietary Linea™ RNAP, which is a key component in offering advantages over conventional mRNA production methods.

• A U.S.-based mRNA CDMO is currently evaluating the LineaRNAP (Q3 FY2025).
• The company is nearing completion of a proprietary enzyme and buffer system to enhance LineaDNA performance, with large-scale manufacturing by a U.S.-based CDMO set to start in June 2025.
• The LineaIVT platform, which pairs DNA IVT templates with the proprietary Linea™ RNAP, aims to mitigate double-stranded DNA (dsRNA) contaminants in commercial-scale mRNA production.

Finance: review Q3 2025 revenue breakdown by LineaRx customer type by end of next week.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Key Activities

Enzymatic, cell-free manufacturing of LineaDNA™ and LineaIVT™ templates

• The Linea DNA platform is an entirely cell-free DNA production platform utilizing a large-scale PCR process.
• The GMP Site 1 facility in Stony Brook, NY, was certified for commercial operation in January 2025.
• Initial projected manufacturing capacity of Site 1 is approximately ten grams per annum.
• This capacity supports potential annual revenues in the range of $10 million to $30 million.
• The platform produces high-fidelity DNA constructs ranging from 100bp to 20kb in size.
• LineaRx (Therapeutic DNA Production and Services subsidiary) segment revenues increased 44% year-over-year in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.
• The LineaIVT platform integrates LineaDNA manufacturing with the proprietary LineaRNAP™ enzyme.

Research and development (R&D) for next-generation nucleic acid platforms

• The company is nearing completion of a proprietary enzyme and buffer system to enhance LineaDNA performance.
• Large-scale manufacturing of this new enzyme and buffer by a U.S.-based CDMO is expected to begin in June 2025.
• The LineaRNAP™ includes a patented DNA-binding domain.
• LineaPCR™, an offering for customers to self-manufacture LineaDNA, is expected to launch in Q4 '25.

Quality control and assurance for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance

• GMP Site 1 facility is certified for commercial operation with ISO 7-compliant with ISO 5-compliant workspaces.
• The facility enables enzymatic manufacture of Linea DNA™ IVT templates for mRNA clinical trial materials.
• The company claims to have the largest manufacturing capacity for GMP grade PCR produced DNA in North America implemented under budget.
• GMP production runs for IVT templates were expected to begin in early CY25 to supply clinical materials.

Sales and marketing focused on biopharma and diagnostics customers

Applied DNA Sciences operates in two primary business markets: enzymatic DNA manufacture for therapeutics and detection of DNA/RNA for diagnostics. Following restructuring, the focus is exclusively on LineaRx, the synthetic DNA manufacturing business.

• MDx Testing Services segment revenues decreased 33% in Q2 FY2025 year-over-year.
• The company services customers globally across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

Intellectual property management and patent defense

• The LineaRNAP™ incorporates a patented DNA-binding domain.

The company implemented a 20% workforce reduction in January 2025, projecting a 13% annual payroll cost reduction, with one-time separation costs of $300,000. A subsequent 27% workforce reduction was implemented by June 27, 2025, projecting a 23% reduction in annual payroll costs for that action. Total headcount reduction since December 2024 reached 39% for a projected 31% reduction in annual payroll expenses compared to FY ended September 30, 2024.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Key Resources

You're looking at the core assets that Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) is relying on to execute its focused strategy in late 2025. This isn't about abstract concepts; it's about the tangible and intellectual property that drives their value proposition, especially now that they've streamlined operations.

The financial foundation, as of the last reported quarter, shows the immediate liquidity position you need to track.

This cash position is supported by recent operational optimization. They achieved a 19% sequential decline in monthly net cash burn from operations from the second quarter of fiscal 2025, and a 25% decline compared to the prior fiscal year period. That's the result of some tough choices made earlier in the year.

Proprietary Technology Platforms

The heart of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) is its core technology, which centers on using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both DNA production and detection. The key resources here are the platforms themselves, which are now the primary focus following the exit from the DNA Tagging business segment.

• LineaDNA™ PCR-based technology platform for high-fidelity DNA synthesis.
• LineaIVT™ platform, which combines LineaDNA™ templates with a proprietary RNA polymerase (RNAP) for mRNA production.
• Potential revenue per IVT template opportunity ranges from $50,000 to $1 million.
• LineaIVT™ platform opportunities can reach up to $3 million when paired with the proprietary Linea™ RNAP.

GMP Manufacturing Infrastructure

The physical asset underpinning the therapeutic DNA production is the new manufacturing site. This facility is a critical, validated resource for commercial-scale enzymatic DNA production.

The GMP Site 1 manufacturing facility in Stony Brook, NY, was completed on January 31, 2025, and was certified for commercial operation in January 2025. This certification confirms the facility meets high standards, specifically being ISO 7-compliant with ISO 5-compliant workspaces. Here's what that facility is set up to deliver:

Specialized Personnel and Intellectual Property

The shift in focus required a corresponding adjustment in human capital. The company implemented a workforce reduction of approximately 20% of total headcount in January 2025, primarily related to the exited DNA Tagging segment. This action is expected to result in an approximate 13% reduction in annual payroll costs, though it incurred one-time separation costs totaling approximately $300,000. The remaining specialized scientific and technical personnel are now concentrated on supporting the LineaRx subsidiary and maximizing the output from the new GMP Site 1.

Regarding the patent portfolio, the company maintains intellectual property covering its core enzymatic DNA production methods. While the latest public count available dates to December 2023, showing 6 issued patents and 13 pending applications in the United States specifically for Therapeutic DNA Production Services, the current key resource is the IP protecting the LineaDNA™ and LineaIVT™ processes, which are now the central revenue drivers.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

You're looking at the core promises Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. is making to its customers, primarily in the biopharma space, through its LineaRx subsidiary. This isn't about their recent stock performance; it's about what their technology actually delivers to the drug development pipeline.

Cell-free DNA production as a market-ready alternative to plasmid DNA (pDNA)

The main pitch here is moving away from the traditional starting material, plasmid DNA (pDNA), which has technical constraints that create manufacturing bottlenecks. Applied DNA Sciences offers LineaDNA™, which is a proprietary, cell-free DNA production platform utilizing a large-scale Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process. This process is designed to rapidly and efficiently generate high-fidelity, synthetic DNA that is ready for the market as a direct alternative to pDNA for use as the starting material in mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. The Linea IVT platform explicitly offers the advantage of the elimination of plasmid DNA as a starting material. Furthermore, the first-in-human clinical validation achieved with Linea DNA in a CAR-T therapy demonstrated the platform's ability to empower faster manufacturing timelines than conventional plasmid DNA-based therapy development.

Reduction of problematic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) contamination in mRNA

A critical quality metric in mRNA production is minimizing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) contamination, which can trigger unwanted immune responses. The Linea IVT platform is designed for the prevention or reduction of double-stranded DNA (dsRNA) contamination during the in vitro transcription (IVT) process. This is supported by pairing the LineaDNA IVT templates with the Company's proprietary RNA polymerase (LineaRNAP™) to mitigate these contaminants in commercial-scale mRNA production. Data released in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 confirmed that LineaRNAP can be used in conventional mRNA production workflows to enable higher mRNA yields and integrity with reduced dsRNA as compared with conventional wild-type T7 RNAP.

Simplified and faster mRNA production workflows for therapeutics

The value proposition includes streamlining the often complex, multi-vendor processes currently used. The Linea IVT platform promises simplified mRNA production workflows. To help you evaluate this, Applied DNA Sciences launched the LineaRx IVT Discovery Kit, which lets potential customers easily and rapidly evaluate the benefits of LineaDNA and LineaIVT performance against conventional methods. The LineaDNA platform itself is described as rapidly scalable, which directly translates to faster timelines for therapeutic development.

High-fidelity, synthetic DNA constructs for clinical trial materials

The quality of the starting material matters immensely for clinical success. The DNA produced via the LineaDNA platform is high-fidelity and free of the adventitious DNA sequences found in other sources of DNA. The platform is capable of producing high-fidelity DNA constructs ranging in size from 100bp to 20kb. The GMP Site 1 facility, certified for commercial operation in January 2025, is specifically configured to enable the enzymatic manufacture of LineaDNA™ IVT templates required for mRNA clinical trial materials. This capability was validated by the platform's first-in-human clinical validation in a CAR-T therapy under a Phase I clinical trial in the Czech Republic.

Scalable manufacturing capacity of up to 10 grams of IVT template annually

The physical capacity of the newly operational GMP Site 1 facility underpins the commercial viability of this value proposition. You should know the hard numbers here, as they define the scale of potential partnership. Here's the quick math on what that facility is set up to do:

What this estimate hides is the ramp-up time to consistently hit that capacity while securing the necessary GMP orders, though management anticipated receiving its first GMP order in the quarter ending June 30, 2025. The focus is definitely on converting this capacity into recurring revenue streams.

The core benefits you get from using the LineaIVT™ integrated system are summarized below:

• Elimination of plasmid DNA as a starting material.
• Prevention or reduction of dsRNA contamination.
• Simplified mRNA production workflows.
• DNA constructs ranging from 100bp to 20kb.
• Scalable production with capacity up to 10 grams annually.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're looking at how Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) manages its connections with its diverse customer base, which is heavily leaning toward the therapeutic and diagnostic development sectors as of late 2025. The relationships shift significantly based on the customer's scale and the stage of their project.

Dedicated, high-touch account management for large biopharma clients

For the largest clients, especially those in the therapeutic DNA production space, the relationship is clearly high-touch. This is evident in the follow-on business secured. For instance, in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, APDN received a multi-gram follow-on order for LineaDNA valued at over $600 thousand from a global manufacturer of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) for a cancer diagnostic application. Also in that quarter, a U.S.-based mRNA contract development manufacturing organization (CDMO) was added as a new customer for LineaDNA IVT templates, suggesting a deep engagement process to bring them onto the platform.

Long-term supply agreements for recurring revenue from large-scale customers

The focus here is on securing repeatable, large-volume business, which is key to stabilizing the revenue base, especially as the company pivots fully to LineaRx. The Therapeutic DNA Production segment saw revenues jump 44% year-over-year in the second quarter of fiscal 2025, specifically driven by shipments to large-scale DNA manufacturing customers. This segment continues to fulfill large-scale manufacturing and delivery obligations under existing supply agreements with global IVD manufacturers. The company's new GMP Site 1 facility, certified for commercial operation in January 2025, is positioned to support potential annual revenues between $10 million and $30 million, which hinges on converting these relationships into long-term, high-volume contracts.

Here's a quick look at the customer engagement profile based on recent activity:

Collaborative development with customers on custom DNA constructs

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. engages in development work that goes beyond simple product sales. The company shipped multiple LineaDNA sequences to a U.S.-based developer of a novel vaccine delivery system in Q3 FY2025. Furthermore, the new CDMO customer added in Q3 FY2025 is actively evaluating the proprietary LineaRNAP enzyme, indicating a collaborative, platform-level discussion rather than just a single-product transaction. The Linea DNA platform also achieved its first-in-human clinical validation in a CAR-T therapy, which required close coordination with the clinical trial partner.

Transactional sales for smaller, research-use-only (RUO) orders

Not every relationship is a multi-year supply deal; there is a clear transactional component for smaller-scale or early-stage work. In Q2 FY2025, the company recorded shipments of RUO-grade LineaDNA IVT templates to an APAC-based CDMO focused on mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. Also in that quarter, a quantity of LineaDNA was shipped to a U.S.-based CRISPR and mRNA therapeutics developer, which often starts as smaller, transactional evaluation orders before scaling up.

Expert technical support for platform integration

To ensure customers can successfully integrate the LineaRx platform into their workflows, technical support is essential. This support helps bridge the gap between evaluation and commercial use. The company's focus on providing templates for mRNA clinical trial materials implies that integration support is necessary to meet the stringent requirements of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production, which the Site 1 facility is certified for as of January 2025. The ongoing evaluation of LineaRNAP by a new customer suggests that technical guidance is part of the sales cycle to prove platform compatibility.

The customer relationship strategy centers on:

• Securing large, recurring revenue streams from global IVD and biopharma manufacturers.
• Adding new development customers, such as the U.S.-based mRNA CDMO added in Q3 FY2025.
• Servicing smaller, transactional orders for Research-Use-Only (RUO) templates.
• Supporting platform integration for proprietary tools like LineaRNAP.
• Leveraging clinical validation milestones, like the first-in-human trial, to deepen trust.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

You're looking at how Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) gets its value proposition-the LineaDNA™ and LineaIVT™ platforms-into the hands of biopharma and diagnostics customers as of late 2025. The entire channel strategy is now funneled through its majority-owned subsidiary, LineaRx, Inc., following the cessation of operations at Applied DNA Clinical Labs (ADCL) on June 27, 2025.

The core of the physical delivery channel is the GMP Site 1 facility in Stony Brook, New York, which achieved commercial operation certification in January 2025.

Direct sales efforts target biopharmaceutical and diagnostics companies, evidenced by active negotiations for a GMP supply agreement with an mRNA therapeutic developer. A concrete example of a successful channel transaction is the seventh follow-on order from a global IVT manufacturer, valued at more than $600,000 for a multi-gram quantity of LineaDNA™.

Lead generation relies heavily on digital and scientific presence, which you can track through their corporate website and scientific outreach:

• Launched the LineaRx IVT Discovery Kit for rapid customer evaluation.
• Marketing LineaRNAP as a standalone product based on data confirming higher mRNA yields.
• Abstracts selected for poster presentations at upcoming mRNA and CAR T Industry Conferences.

The company's strategic realignment in June 2025 involved a 27% workforce reduction, projecting a 23% reduction in annual payroll costs, intended to concentrate resources behind LineaRx for scaling commercial adoption. The Therapeutic DNA Production Services Segment (LineaRx) saw revenues increase 44% Year-over-Year in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 ended March 31, 2025.

Direct supply and delivery are managed from the Stony Brook, New York, headquarters, which houses the GMP Site 1 facility. This facility is configured to deliver chemically modified LineaDNA IVT templates paired with the Company's proprietary RNA polymerase.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

You're looking at the customer base for Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (now BNB Plus Corporation) as of late 2025, which is almost entirely centered on the LineaRx subsidiary following the June 27, 2025, cessation of Applied DNA Clinical Labs operations.

The primary focus is on supplying enzymatically produced synthetic DNA, positioning the LineaDNA and LineaIVT platforms as alternatives to conventional plasmid DNA (pDNA) methods for genetic medicine developers.

Here's a breakdown of the key customer groups being targeted by the LineaRx segment:

• Developers of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines: This group is a core target, evidenced by the receipt of follow-on orders for RUO-grade LineaDNA IVT templates from an APAC-based CDMO of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.
• Gene therapy and adoptive cell therapy (CAR-T) companies: The Linea DNA platform achieved its first-in-human clinical validation in a CAR-T therapy under a Phase I clinical trial in the Czech Republic. The company is also presenting at upcoming CAR T Industry Conferences in August 2025.
• In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) manufacturers requiring large-scale DNA: Applied DNA Sciences continued large-scale manufacturing and delivery of LineaDNA under supply agreements with these entities. A new follow-on LineaDNA order was announced in July 2025 from a global IVD manufacturer for use in a cancer diagnostic application.
• U.S.-based CRISPR and mRNA therapeutics developers: The company reported receiving a quantity of LineaDNA for use by a U.S.-based CRISPR and mRNA therapeutics developer.
• Global biopharma companies seeking pDNA alternatives: This segment is targeted by the platform's ability to produce high-fidelity DNA rapidly and scalably. The company previously gained evaluation customers including a multi-national biopharma company for the Linea™ IVT platform.

The financial context for this customer base in fiscal year 2025 shows the shift in focus:

The company's strategic realignment involved a workforce reduction of approximately 27% of headcount, projecting a 23% reduction in annual payroll costs compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, to concentrate resources on LineaRx.

The LineaRx segment is designed to produce DNA in quantities from milligrams to grams.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

The cost structure for Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. is heavily weighted toward maintaining specialized operational capabilities and funding platform development, even following significant cost-cutting measures.

Operating losses remain a core component of the cost profile. For the third quarter of fiscal 2025, which ended June 30, 2025, Applied DNA Sciences reported an operating loss of $3.7 million. This follows an operating loss of $3.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 and $3.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. The monthly net cash burn from operations in Q3 fiscal 2025 was reported at $934 thousand.

High fixed costs are associated with operating the GMP manufacturing facility, Site 1, which was completed and certified for commercial operation in January 2025. This facility is central to the LineaRx strategy, with an initial projected annual revenue capacity estimated to range between $10 million and $30 million depending on the product mix.

Significant R&D expenditure is directed toward platform enhancement and new product development, specifically for the LineaDNA™ and LineaIVT™ technologies, as the company focuses exclusively on its synthetic DNA manufacturing business.

Salaries and benefits for specialized scientific and executive staff constitute a major ongoing operating expense, which the company has aggressively targeted for reduction through restructuring.

The company previously projected a 31% reduction in annual payroll expenses compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, as a result of restructuring initiated in December 2024. More recently, a restructuring authorized on September 30, 2025, which included a 60% workforce reduction, is projected to generate annualized cost savings of approximately $2.9 million.

Here's a quick look at recent financial performance metrics tied to costs:

Key cost drivers and restructuring impacts include:

• High overhead related to maintaining the newly certified GMP Site 1 facility.
• Ongoing investment in LineaRx platform scaling and commercial adoption.
• A workforce reduction of approximately 27% in June 2025, which equated to a projected 23% reduction in annual payroll costs at that time.
• Cessation of operations at Applied DNA Clinical Labs, effective June 27, 2025, to reduce operating costs.
• One-time separation costs of approximately $300 thousand associated with the January 2025 workforce reduction.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (APDN) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

The current focus for Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. revenue generation is centered almost entirely on the LineaRx segment, following the exit from the DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services business segment in February 2025 and the cessation of operations at Applied DNA Clinical Labs (ADCL) in June 2025. The forecasted annual revenue for Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for the fiscal year ending 2025-09-30 is set at $9 million.

To give you context on the year-to-date performance leading into that forecast, here is a look at the reported total revenues for the first three quarters of fiscal year 2025:

Revenue from Therapeutic DNA Production Services (LineaRx segment) is the primary driver now that the company is exclusively focused on synthetic DNA manufacturing. For the second quarter of fiscal 2025, the LineaRx segment revenues showed a significant year-over-year increase of 44% compared to the same period in fiscal 2024. This increase in segment revenue was specifically attributed to two key factors:

• The timing of shipments for a second large-scale DNA manufacturing customer.
• A large shipment delivered to an existing large-scale DNA manufacturing customer.

Sales of LineaDNA™ IVT templates and finished DNA constructs are directly supported by the newly certified GMP Site 1 facility in Stony Brook, New York, which achieved commercial operation certification in January 2025. This facility enables the enzymatic manufacture of Linea DNA™ IVT templates, which are critical for producing mRNA clinical trial materials. The initial projected manufacturing capacity of Site 1 is approximately ten grams per annum, which supports potential annual revenues in the range of $10 million to $30 million, depending on the product mix.

Follow-on orders from existing large-scale DNA manufacturing customers are a confirmed source of revenue within the LineaRx segment. During the second quarter of fiscal 2025, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. reported receiving specific follow-on orders, which included:

• A quantity of RUO-grade LineaDNA IVT templates to an APAC-based CDMO of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.
• A quantity of LineaDNA to a U.S.-based CRISPR and mRNA therapeutics developer.
• Continued large-scale manufacturing and delivery of LineaDNA under existing supply agreements with global manufacturers of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs).

Licensing and royalty fees from proprietary LineaRNAP™ technology represent a developing revenue stream. Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. launched industry marketing for LineaRNAP as a standalone product in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, based on data confirming its use in conventional mRNA production workflows to achieve higher mRNA yields and integrity. The company also continues to market LineaRNAP as a component of its integrated LineaIVT solution.