|
Stantec Inc. (STN): Business Model Canvas [Dec-2025 Updated] |
Fully Editable: Tailor To Your Needs In Excel Or Sheets
Professional Design: Trusted, Industry-Standard Templates
Investor-Approved Valuation Models
MAC/PC Compatible, Fully Unlocked
No Expertise Is Needed; Easy To Follow
Stantec Inc. (STN) Bundle
You're digging into how Stantec Inc. actually makes its money in this shifting macro environment, and honestly, it's a masterclass in engineering resilience. Forget the jargon; this firm is banking on massive, multi-year infrastructure needs, evidenced by their $7.9 billion contract backlog heading into the second half of 2025. With a global team of about 32,000 professionals, their model hinges on deep, long-term client relationships across Water and Buildings, driving expected Net Revenue growth between 10% and 12% for the full year. I've mapped out their nine building blocks-from key activities to their cost structure-so you can see exactly where the value is created and if their strategy is set to deliver those strong EPS growth targets. Dive in below for the full, unvarnished breakdown.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Key Partnerships
You're looking at the relationships Stantec Inc. (STN) builds to scale its operations and secure long-term revenue streams, especially as of late 2025. These partnerships, often cemented through strategic acquisitions or formal agreements, are critical for meeting the demand in infrastructure and design.
Strategic Acquisitions to Bolster Service Lines
Stantec Inc. (STN) actively uses acquisitions to immediately enhance specific business units, particularly in high-growth areas. The integration of these firms directly impacts headcount and market positioning.
- Acquisition of Page, a 1,400-person architecture and engineering firm, closed on July 31, 2025.
- This addition grew Stantec's US Buildings practice by approximately 35 percent.
- The acquisition of Ryan Hanley, a 150-person engineering and environmental consultancy in Ireland, occurred on April 8, 2025.
- The acquisition of Cosgroves, a 90-person firm in New Zealand, occurred on June 27, 2025.
- Combined, the three 2025 acquisitions added more than 1,500 team members.
The total Stantec team grew to over 34,000 employees following these integrations, as reported in the Q2 2025 Results Presentation. Stantec expects to be the second-largest architecture firm in the US after integrating Page. That's a significant shift in the North American A&E landscape.
Joint Ventures for Large-Scale Infrastructure Delivery
For major, complex infrastructure programs, Stantec Inc. (STN) frequently partners with construction and engineering firms through formal joint ventures (JVs) to share risk and combine specialized expertise.
| Joint Venture / Alliance | Partner(s) | Program / Contract Value | Duration / Scope |
| Water Smart Alliance (WSA) | AtkinsRéalis | US$43 million program | Five-year oversight of DC Water's Capital Improvement Program (CIP). |
| FHWA Construction Management | Volkert and JMT | $80-million task order contract | Five-year construction management and inspection services in FHWA Eastern region. |
| Uisce Éireann Framework (Pre-Acquisition) | Ryan Hanley | €3.5 billion investment | Supported delivery under the Engineering Design Services Framework. |
These JVs allow Stantec Inc. (STN) to bid on and execute projects that require a broader set of capabilities than one firm might offer alone. For instance, the Stantec-Volkert-JMT JV was formed specifically for the FHWA contract. Also, Stantec is part of an EY-Parthenon-led consortium creating transformational plans for Thames Freeport, where Stantec is the Masterplanning and Planning Lead.
Long-Term Framework Agreements with Public Sector Clients
Securing multi-year framework agreements with major public utilities provides Stantec Inc. (STN) with predictable, long-term revenue visibility, especially within the UK's Asset Management Period 8 (AMP8).
- Thames Water: Supplier on five lots for its £400 million Asset, Capital, and Engineering Professional Services Framework, covering AMP8 (2025-2030).
- United Utilities: Secured one of four places on Lot 2 of the Commercial Consultancy Framework, valued at £110 million, proposed for a 10-year term, extending to 2035.
- Southern Water: Named one of seven consultancies on its Professional Services Framework for AMP8 (April 2025 to March 2030), supporting a £7.8 billion investment programme.
These UK water sector agreements demonstrate Stantec Inc. (STN)'s deep integration into critical, long-cycle public investment cycles. The Thames Water agreement runs for an initial five years.
Technology Alliances and Digital Delivery
Stantec Inc. (STN) embeds its digital approach, Stantec.io, within its existing business lines, relying on internal expertise blended with emerging technologies rather than solely external technology alliances for its core digital offering.
The platform leverages technologies such as:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning.
- Digital twins.
- Advanced automation.
This digital capability supports the management of over 100 large capital programs around the world. Stantec.io uses these tools to enable faster, more efficient, and scalable solutions.
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Key Activities
You're looking at the core engine driving Stantec Inc.'s performance as of late 2025, which is heavily weighted toward service delivery and strategic expansion. The firm's key activities are clearly focused on capitalizing on global trends through specialized consulting and disciplined growth.
Delivering sustainable engineering, architecture, and environmental consulting services is the primary activity. This is evidenced by the strong financial results from the first nine months of 2025. For the third quarter ending September 30, 2025, Stantec Inc. reported net revenue of $1.7 billion, marking an 11.8% year-over-year increase. The adjusted EBITDA margin reached an all-time high of 19.0% in Q3 2025, a 100 basis point increase over the prior year's third quarter.
The execution of these services is sector-specific, showing where the demand is strongest:
- Delivering solutions for Water sector projects, which achieved 12.8% organic growth in Q3 2025.
- Supporting the Energy & Resources business, which saw 9.7% organic growth in the third quarter.
- Focusing on growth drivers like mission critical, science and technology, and civic projects within the Buildings sector.
Project execution and management for complex, multi-year infrastructure contracts is critical, directly supported by the firm's substantial pipeline. Stantec Inc. is maintaining a record contract backlog, which stood at $8.4 billion at September 30, 2025. This figure represents an overall growth of 14.9% year-over-year and is noted to represent approximately 13 months of work. The backlog growth includes 5.6% organic growth across all regional operating units.
The firm actively pursues strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to expand geographic and service capabilities. In 2025 alone, Stantec Inc. completed several key deals:
| Acquisition Target | Date Closed (2025) | Size/Focus Area |
| Page | July 31 | 1,400-person US-based architecture and engineering firm, complementing Buildings business. |
| Cosgroves | June 27 | 90-person firm, expanding buildings engineering in New Zealand. |
| Ryan Hanley | April 8 | 150-person engineering and environmental consultancy in Ireland, strengthening the Water sector offering. |
These additions grew the Stantec Inc. team to over 34,000 people following the Q2 acquisitions.
Research and development in areas like energy transition and climate solutions is formalized through its strategic direction. The 2024-2026 Strategic Plan centers on three growth initiatives: Climate Solutions, Communities and Infrastructure of the Future, and Future Technology. Specific internal efforts support this, such as the Carbon Impact Team, which is dedicated to advancing internal commitments on embodied carbon through research and education. The firm also plans in-house training on carbon-reducing design strategies and embodied carbon calculation methods.
The firm is maintaining a record contract backlog of $8.4 billion for future revenue visibility as of the end of the third quarter of 2025. This strong backlog supports the raised full-year 2025 net revenue growth guidance, which is now expected to be between 10% to 12%. The firm's operational efficiency is also reflected in its Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), which was 73 days at September 30, 2025, below the internal guideline of 80 days.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Key Resources
You're looking at the core assets that power Stantec Inc. right now, the things they own or control that let them deliver their services. Honestly, for a firm this size, the people are the biggest asset, bar none.
The global workforce is anchored by approximately 32,000 employees, a number that includes designers, engineers, and scientists. Following recent strategic additions, like the Page acquisition on July 31, 2025, that team size has already grown to over 34,000 professionals, which is a key resource for scaling capacity quickly.
When we talk about intellectual property and expertise, look at the Water business unit's performance; that's where the specialized knowledge shines. In Q2 2025, Water delivered 12.4% organic growth, showing strong market demand for that specific expertise. Also, the acquisition of Ryan Hanley in April 2025 specifically bolstered their standing in the Irish water sector, which is a targeted resource play.
Stantec maintains an extensive global office network, operating out of over 450 locations. This physical footprint spans six continents, giving them the local presence needed to secure and execute projects worldwide, from North America to Oceania.
Here's a quick look at some of the hard numbers supporting that operational scale as of mid-2025:
| Metric | Value (as of Q2 2025 or latest) |
| Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA (TTM) | 1.1x |
| Contract Backlog (June 30, 2025) | $7.9 billion |
| Q2 2025 Water Organic Growth | 12.4% |
| Q2 2025 Net Revenue | $1.6 billion |
| Q2 2025 Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 17.8% |
The strong balance sheet is definitely a key resource for flexibility. As of June 30, 2025, the net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio stood at 1.1x. That keeps them well within their internal target range of 1.0x to 2.0x, meaning they have the financial headroom to pursue opportunities or manage short-term volatility without stress.
Finally, they rely on proprietary digital tools and platforms. The internal initiative named Digital (Stantec.io) is the manifestation of this resource, aimed at driving project delivery efficiency across the firm's vast operations.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions
You're looking at the core reasons clients choose Stantec Inc. over the competition right now, late in 2025. It's about delivering resilience against big global shifts, backed by real, measurable growth across the board.
Global leader in sustainable design and consulting for resilient communities
Stantec Inc. positions itself as a global leader in sustainable engineering, architecture, and environmental consulting. This value proposition is financially validated by the strong demand for their services, evidenced by a contract backlog of $7.9 billion at June 30, 2025, which itself grew organically by 9.0% year-over-year. The firm's focus on climate solutions and resilience directly translates to financial performance, with Q2 2025 net revenue reaching $1.6 billion, up 6.9% from the prior year.
Diversified expertise across key business units for client resilience
The breadth of Stantec Inc.'s expertise is a key value driver, allowing them to address complex, multi-faceted client needs. This diversification ensures stability, as shown by organic growth occurring across all regional and business operating units in Q2 2025. The firm's team now numbers over 34,000 employees globally, supporting this wide service offering.
Here's how the key business drivers performed in Q2 2025:
| Business Unit/Region | Q2 2025 Organic Growth |
| Water | 12.4% |
| Energy & Resources | 9.5% |
| United States (Region) | 4.4% |
| Canada (Region) | 6.2% |
| Global (Region) | 4.3% |
Integrated, end-to-end services from planning and design to project management
Stantec Inc. helps clients by offering services that span the entire project lifecycle. This integrated approach means they can handle everything from initial planning and design through to execution and management. For example, they were selected for a five-year single award contract with the Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command Atlantic to lead multidiscipline architect-engineer and consulting services. Furthermore, they deliver transport, design, engineering, analysis services, as well as program and project management support on various engagements.
Deep domain knowledge in macro-trend areas
The firm's value is heavily weighted toward areas experiencing massive, sustained investment globally. This focus helps secure high-margin work. Stantec Inc. is actively capitalizing on trends like the energy transition and the need for future-proof infrastructure.
Key areas of deep domain knowledge include:
- Climate Solutions
- Energy Transition
- Advanced Manufacturing
- Data Centers
- Mission Critical facilities
- Healthcare and Academic Science & Technology projects
Delivering strong organic growth in all regions
The ability to generate growth from existing operations, rather than just acquisitions, is a strong indicator of value proposition resonance. Stantec Inc. achieved overall organic net revenue growth of 4.8% in Q2 2025. This growth was defintely broad-based, as seen in the regional performance figures. The firm's project margin was 54.2% of net revenue in the quarter, showing they maintain pricing power while growing.
The company's adjusted earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter was $1.36, reflecting a 21.4% increase compared to Q2 2024, which shows the value of their operational efficiency alongside top-line growth.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships
Dedicated, long-term client relationships managed through framework agreements are a cornerstone of Stantec Inc.'s model. The sheer size of the committed work pipeline signals this reliance on established partnerships. The contract backlog stood at a record $8.4 billion as of September 30, 2025, representing approximately 13 months of work. This backlog figure grew from $7.9 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2025.
The high-touch, professional services consulting model is geared toward complex, custom projects, often centered on major secular trends. For instance, a significant portion of Stantec Inc.'s work directly addresses global priorities. In 2024, 62% of Stantec Inc.'s US$7.5 billion gross revenue was aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, equating to US$4.63 billion in sustainability-focused work. This indicates deep engagement on high-value, custom mandates for clients focused on future-proofing their assets.
The sales process is heavily relationship-driven, relying on a deep pool of repeat business from both public and private sector clients. Stantec Inc. demonstrated exceptional client loyalty, with 95% of its revenue in 2023 derived from repeat clients. This stability is supported by major public sector commitments, evidenced by $1.8 billion in revenue from high-value government contracts in 2023. Furthermore, the company maintains a broad base, as no single customer exceeded 10% of gross revenue as of September 30, 2025.
You can see the scale of this relationship-driven revenue in the key financial metrics below:
| Metric | Value/Period | Reference Point |
| Revenue from Repeat Clients | 95% | 2023 |
| Revenue from Government Contracts | $1.8 billion | 2023 |
| Record Contract Backlog | $8.4 billion | September 30, 2025 |
| Sustainability-Aligned Gross Revenue | US$4.63 billion | 2024 |
Continuous engagement is maintained through dedicated project teams and a strong local office presence, which fuels organic demand. Organic growth was achieved across all regional operating units in the first three quarters of 2025. For example, Stantec Inc.'s US organic backlog was up 9.8%. Specific unit performance shows this sustained pull:
- Canada organic growth reached 12.2% in Q1 2025.
- Water segment organic growth was 12.8% in Q3 2025.
- Energy & Resources organic growth was 9.7% in Q3 2025.
- Overall organic growth was 5.6% in Q3 2025.
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Channels
Direct sales force and project teams operating from a global network of offices.
The Stantec community unites approximately 34,000 employees working in over 450 locations across 6 continents as of the third quarter of 2025.
Formal procurement processes for public sector contracts (e.g., government tenders).
US organic net revenue growth expectations remain moderated in the lower half of the mid-single digits range due to slower procurement cycles persisting in the public sector in the near term. Stantec was awarded a multi-year contract valued at €27.7 million (C$45.4 million) to manage the European Commission's Global Technical Assistance Facility for Sustainable Energy through October 2028. No particular customer exceeds 10% of Stantec Inc.'s gross revenue.
The scale of operations supporting these channels is reflected in recent financial performance metrics:
| Metric | Value as of Late 2025 | Reference Period |
| Contract Backlog | $8.4 billion | September 30, 2025 |
| Trailing Twelve Month Revenue | $5.7B | As of 30-Sep-2025 |
| Net Revenue | $1.7 billion | Q3 2025 |
| Project Margin as % of Net Revenue | 54.3% | Q3 2025 |
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 19.0% | Q3 2025 |
Digital platforms for project collaboration and client communication.
Stantec harnesses its expertise through digital solutions under the Stantec.io banner. The firm is integrating technologies such as digital twins, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced automation into its offerings. Stantec specialists use these digital platforms to aid clients, aiming to drive efficiency and collaboration across the asset lifecycle. The firm is managing over 100 large capital programs around the world, with nearly $200 billion worth of programs and projects managed historically.
Industry conferences and thought leadership publications to generate leads.
Stantec's management team received positive credit for the Company's leadership position in sustainability, which influences executive pay. The company targets achieving adjusted SG&A (Selling, General, and Administrative) efficiency as a percentage of net revenue at 38.0%. Stantec specialists present at industry events, such as the Innovate User Conference in Salt Lake City, Utah, in October 2025. The firm produces various thought leadership materials:
- Blog Post: Breaking down data silos in infrastructure asset management
- Technical Paper: Supporting healthier and more resilient communities through investments in mobility
- Stantec.io Podcast episodes on topics like Digital Innovation in Buildings
- Interactive content on 9 breakthrough technologies for tackling climate change
Finance: review Q4 2025 marketing spend allocation against Q3 2025 SG&A efficiency by end of next week.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments
You're looking at where Stantec Inc. actually makes its money, segment by segment, based on their latest filings. It's not just one big pool; they are clearly slicing the market by geography and by the type of client they serve, which is key to understanding their growth strategy.
Public sector clients form a bedrock of Stantec Inc.'s business, especially in infrastructure and water. The company's organic growth in FY2024 was heavily supported by this area, with the Water business achieving double-digit organic growth. The expectation for 2025 is that this spending continues to be a driver.
For private sector clients, Stantec Inc. is zeroing in on specific, high-demand areas. In Q1 2025, growth in Buildings and Environmental Services was specifically noted as being driven by investments across:
- Healthcare
- Industrial
- Science and technology sectors
The focus on utility providers is concrete, especially in the United Kingdom's regulatory period. Stantec Inc. has secured significant, multi-year work supporting these essential services:
- Wessex Water: Appointed to a multi-million-pound Capital Delivery Partner Framework running throughout and beyond AMP8, with an initial six-year term plus an option for five more years.
- United Utilities: Secured a position on the £269 million Design Development Partners (DDP) Framework for AMP8 (initial six years, option for five more) and a separate £110 million Commercial Consultancy Framework proposed to run for 10 years.
- Thames Water: Selected for a £400 million Asset, Capital, and Engineering Professional Services Framework covering the AMP8 period (2025-2030).
Commercial, academic, and civic institutions are served through the Buildings business unit. This segment delivered strong performance, achieving double-digit organic growth in FY2024. In 2024, the Buildings division generated 21.6% of the company's net revenue.
The geographically segmented clients show where the current revenue concentration lies. The United States is definitely the largest piece of the pie, but Canada and Global markets are showing strong momentum. You can see the scale in the table below, using the most recent full-year and quarterly data available.
Here's the quick math on the geographic split based on Q1 2025 and FY2024 data:
| Geographic Segment | FY2024 Organic Growth | Q1 2025 Organic Growth | Q1 2025 Net Revenue Share | Q1 2025 Net Revenue Amount |
| United States | 8.6% | 2.4% | 52% | $805 million |
| Canada | 6% | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
| Global Markets | 5.8% | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
To put this into perspective against the total company scale as of late 2024/early 2025, the overall backlog, which represents future work from these segments, hit $7.9 billion in Q1 2025. FY2024 Net Revenue was $5.9 billion USD, or CA$7.50B.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure
You're looking at the core expenses that power Stantec Inc.'s global operations as of late 2025. For a professional services firm like Stantec Inc., the cost structure is heavily weighted toward human capital, which is the primary driver of service delivery.
Primarily a people-driven cost structure (salaries and benefits for 32,000 staff)
The Stantec community unites approximately 32,000 employees working in over 450 locations across 6 continents as of June 30, 2025. This large workforce translates directly into the largest cost component. Here are the latest figures for employee costs:
| Cost Component (In Millions of US $) | Two Quarters Ended June 30, 2025 | 2024 (Full Year) |
| Total Employee Costs | $2,377.9 | Data not directly available for full year 2024 in the same format |
| Direct Labor (Salaries, wages, benefits) | $1,441.5 | Data not directly available for full year 2024 in the same format |
| Indirect Labor | $936.4 | Data not directly available for full year 2024 in the same format |
Also, note that share-based compensation expense recognized in administrative and marketing expenses for the full year 2024 was $49.6 million (net of hedge impact). That's a significant non-cash element within the overall people cost.
Significant investment in acquisition, integration, and restructuring costs
Stantec Inc. maintains an active mergers and acquisitions (M&A) program, which generates associated one-time costs. These costs are excluded when calculating Adjusted EBITDA, showing management's view on underlying operational performance. Here's what the data shows for these specific charges:
- For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, Acquisition, integration, and restructuring cost was $0.9 million.
- For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, this cost was $8.6 million.
- For the three quarters ended September 30, 2024, the cumulative cost was $34.8 million.
Operating expenses for a large, decentralized global office network
Managing over 450 locations globally involves substantial fixed and variable overhead. A key area reflecting this is the real estate optimization strategy, which has resulted in non-cash impairment charges, suggesting ongoing efforts to rationalize the physical footprint.
| Real Estate Optimization Charge (Non-Cash) | Period | Amount (In Millions of US $) |
| Net Impairment Reversal of Lease Assets | Q1 and Q2 2025 (Combined) | $0.9 |
| Non-cash Impairment Charge | Q2 2024 | $16.5 |
| Non-cash Impairment Charge | Q3 2024 | $13.7 |
The Selling, General, and Administrative (SG&A) expenses for the twelve months ending June 30, 2025, totaled $1.703B, representing a 10.48% increase year-over-year from the prior twelve-month period.
Administration and marketing costs, which are being disciplined to improve margins
Stantec Inc. is actively managing administrative and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenue to boost profitability. This discipline is a clear focus area for margin expansion.
- In Q3 2025, the increase in Adjusted EBITDA margin reflected lower administrative and marketing expenses as a percentage of net revenue.
- For Q2 2025, administrative and marketing expenses decreased as a percentage of net revenue by 120 basis points to 37.5%.
- For the three quarters ended September 30, 2024, Administrative and marketing expenses were 6.4% of net revenue, or $263.5 million.
Capital expenditures for IT infrastructure and digital strategy optimization
While specific CapEx figures for 2025 aren't immediately clear, the focus on digital strategy is implied through operational efficiency gains. For context on capital allocation, Free Cash Flow (FCF) in 2024 was CA$504.1 million, which was achieved while capital expenditure remained at the 2023 level. Total debt, excluding capitalized lease obligations, was CA$1.40 billion as of December 31, 2024.
Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.
Stantec Inc. (STN) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams
Stantec Inc. generates revenue primarily through fee-for-service revenue from consulting, engineering, and design projects across its global operations.
The project-based revenue is segmented across five key business units, showing strong organic momentum in certain areas as of late 2025. For example, in the third quarter of 2025, the Water business unit achieved organic growth of 12.8%, and Energy & Resources achieved 9.7% organic growth.
The structure of Stantec Inc.'s revenue streams by service category, based on a reported total revenue of $7.50B, is detailed below:
| Business Unit | Revenue Amount | Percentage of Total Revenue |
| Infrastructure services | $2.04B | 27.2% |
| Buildings services | $1.66B | 22.2% |
| Water services | $1.57B | 20.9% |
| Environmental services | $1.49B | 19.9% |
| Energy and resources services | $739.00M | 9.9% |
The substantial contract backlog provides visibility into future revenue, representing a source of stable income derived from long-term framework agreements and retainer contracts. The contract backlog stood at $8.4 billion at September 30, 2025, which represents approximately 13 months of work.
The company has raised its financial expectations for the full year 2025, reflecting strong performance year-to-date. Stantec Inc. continues to expect full-year 2025 Net Revenue growth to be in the range of 10% to 12%.
Furthermore, the outlook for profitability has also improved; Stantec Inc. now expects Adjusted EPS growth for 2025 to be between 18.5% and 21.5% compared to 2024.
Key performance indicators supporting this revenue outlook include:
- Q3 2025 Net Revenue: $1.7 billion.
- Q3 2025 Organic Growth: 5.6%.
- Q3 2025 Acquisition Growth: 5.2%.
- Adjusted EPS for Q3 2025: $1.53.
Disclaimer
All information, articles, and product details provided on this website are for general informational and educational purposes only. We do not claim any ownership over, nor do we intend to infringe upon, any trademarks, copyrights, logos, brand names, or other intellectual property mentioned or depicted on this site. Such intellectual property remains the property of its respective owners, and any references here are made solely for identification or informational purposes, without implying any affiliation, endorsement, or partnership.
We make no representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, completeness, or suitability of any content or products presented. Nothing on this website should be construed as legal, tax, investment, financial, medical, or other professional advice. In addition, no part of this site—including articles or product references—constitutes a solicitation, recommendation, endorsement, advertisement, or offer to buy or sell any securities, franchises, or other financial instruments, particularly in jurisdictions where such activity would be unlawful.
All content is of a general nature and may not address the specific circumstances of any individual or entity. It is not a substitute for professional advice or services. Any actions you take based on the information provided here are strictly at your own risk. You accept full responsibility for any decisions or outcomes arising from your use of this website and agree to release us from any liability in connection with your use of, or reliance upon, the content or products found herein.