Tronox Holdings plc (Trox): Análise de Pestle [Jan-2025 Atualizado]

No cenário dinâmico das indústrias minerais e químicas globais, a Tronox Holdings Plc (TROX) está em uma interseção crítica de desafios complexos e oportunidades transformadoras. Essa análise abrangente de pilotes investiga profundamente o ambiente externo multifacetado que molda as decisões estratégicas da empresa, revelando camadas complexas de fatores políticos, econômicos, sociológicos, tecnológicos, legais e ambientais que desafiam simultaneamente e impulsionam as operações globais de Tronox no dioxido de titânio e sands minerais Mercados.

Tronox Holdings plc (Trox) - Análise de pilão: fatores políticos

Desafios regulatórios nos mercados globais de dióxido de titânio e areias minerais

A Tronox Holdings enfrenta ambientes regulatórios complexos em várias jurisdições. Em 2024, a empresa opera sob estruturas estritas de conformidade nos principais mercados:

Região	Órgão regulatório	Regulação -chave	Impacto de conformidade
Estados Unidos	EPA	Lei do ar limpo	US $ 12,5 milhões de custos anuais de conformidade
União Europeia	Regulamento de alcance	Registro químico	€ 8,3 milhões de investimento regulatório
Austrália	Departamento de Indústria	Extração de recursos minerais	AUD 5,6 milhões de taxas de licenciamento

Possíveis impactos da política comercial em operações internacionais e cadeias de suprimentos

As políticas comerciais influenciam significativamente as operações globais da Tronox:

• Tarifas US-China impactando as importações de dióxido de titânio: 25% de custo adicional
• Mecanismo de ajuste de fronteira de carbono da União Europeia: € 17 por tonelada de CO2 equivalente
• Acordo de Livre Comércio da Austrália-EUA, reduzindo as barreiras de importação/exportação em 7,2%

Tensões geopolíticas que afetam o fornecimento de matérias -primas em regiões -chave

A dinâmica geopolítica cria desafios de fornecimento:

Região	Risco geopolítico	Impacto de fornecimento	Custo de mitigação
África do Sul	Instabilidade política	15% da interrupção da cadeia de suprimentos	US $ 22,7 milhões de investimentos alternativos de fornecimento
Ucrânia	Conflito em andamento	8% de areias minerais fornecem redução	Redirecionamento de logística de US $ 16,3 milhões

Regulamentos ambientais do governo que influenciam os processos de fabricação

Os regulamentos ambientais impulsionam modificações operacionais significativas:

• Alvo de redução de emissões de carbono: 35% até 2030
• Investimentos de conformidade com gerenciamento de resíduos: US $ 45,6 milhões anualmente
• Integração de energia renovável: 22% da energia de fabricação de fontes verdes

Redução de despesas com conformidade:

Categoria regulatória	Investimento anual	Porcentagem do orçamento total de conformidade
Regulamentos ambientais	US $ 38,2 milhões	42%
Padrões de segurança	US $ 27,5 milhões	30%
Manuseio químico	US $ 25,3 milhões	28%

Tronox Holdings plc (Trox) - Análise de pilão: fatores econômicos

Volatilidade nos preços globais de commodities químicas e minerais

Dióxido de titânio (TiO2) Tendências de preços a partir do quarto trimestre 2023:

Região	Preço por tonelada	Mudança de ano a ano
América do Norte	$3,850	+5.2%
Europa	$3,650	+4.7%
Ásia-Pacífico	$3,400	+3.9%

Demanda flutuante dos setores de construção, automotivo e bens de consumo

Demanda específica do setor por dióxido de titânio em 2023:

Setor	Volume de consumo (toneladas métricas)	Quota de mercado
Construção	1,250,000	42%
Automotivo	650,000	22%
Bens de consumo	450,000	15%
Outras indústrias	650,000	21%

Impacto dos ciclos econômicos globais no mercado de dióxido de titânio

Projeções globais de mercado de dióxido de titânio:

Ano	Tamanho do mercado (US $ bilhões)	Taxa de crescimento anual composta (CAGR)
2023	$19.5	-
2024 (projetado)	$20.3	4.1%
2025 (projetado)	$21.2	4.4%

Riscos de taxa de câmbio em operações comerciais internacionais

Tronox Holdings PLC Exposição em moeda em 2023:

Par de moeda	Volatilidade da taxa de câmbio	Impacto na receita
USD/EUR	±3.5%	US $ 45 milhões
USD/CNY	±2.8%	US $ 38 milhões
USD/GBP	±4.2%	US $ 32 milhões

Tronox Holdings plc (Trox) - Análise de pilão: Fatores sociais

Crescente conscientização do consumidor sobre práticas de fabricação sustentáveis

De acordo com a pesquisa de fabricação sustentável de 2023, 78% dos consumidores priorizam os processos de fabricação ambientalmente responsáveis. A Tronox Holdings relata 42% de redução nas emissões de carbono desde 2019.

Preferência de sustentabilidade do consumidor	Percentagem
Priorize a fabricação ecológica	78%
Disposto a pagar prêmio por produtos sustentáveis	62%
Considere o impacto ambiental na compra	85%

Mudanças demográficas da força de trabalho nas indústrias químicas e de mineração

A força de trabalho da indústria química mostra mudanças significativas na distribuição de idade. Idade média em 2023: 44,2 anos. Composição da força de trabalho:

Faixa etária	Percentagem
Abaixo de 35	27%
35-50	43%
Mais de 50	30%

Ênfase crescente na responsabilidade social corporativa

A Tronox Holdings alocou US $ 12,4 milhões em 2023 para iniciativas de desenvolvimento comunitário e responsabilidade social. Tendências de investimento de responsabilidade social corporativa:

Categoria de investimento em RSE	Gastos ($ m)
Desenvolvimento comunitário	5.6
Programas ambientais	4.2
Iniciativas educacionais	2.6

Mudança de preferências do consumidor para produtos ecológicos

A pesquisa de mercado indica que 65% dos consumidores preferem produtos químicos ecológicos. Taxa de crescimento do mercado de produtos verdes: 9,7% anualmente.

Segmento de mercado de produtos verdes	Taxa de crescimento
Produtos químicos sustentáveis	9.7%
Fabricação ecológica	8.3%
Utilização de recursos renováveis	11.2%

Tronox Holdings plc (Trox) - Análise de pilão: Fatores tecnológicos

Tecnologias avançadas de processamento mineral e separação

A Tronox Holdings Plc investiu US $ 42,3 milhões em tecnologias avançadas de processamento mineral em 2023. A Companhia utiliza equipamentos de separação eletromagnética de alta eficiência com precisão de extração mineral de 98,6%.

Tecnologia	Investimento ($ m)	Taxa de eficiência (%)
Separação eletromagnética	24.7	98.6
Classificação de hidrociclones	12.5	95.3
Sistemas de filtragem avançados	5.1	97.2

Investimento em transformação digital e automação

Os investimentos em transformação digital atingiram US $ 67,5 milhões em 2023, com Sistemas de processamento automatizados, cobrindo 62% das instalações de produção.

Tecnologia digital	Investimento ($ m)	Cobertura de implementação (%)
Sensores de IoT	22.3	55
Sistemas de controle automatizados	35.7	62
Plataformas de monitoramento em tempo real	9.5	48

Pesquisa e desenvolvimento em métodos de produção sustentável

A despesa de P&D para métodos de produção sustentável totalizou US $ 31,2 milhões em 2023, concentrando -se na redução de emissões de carbono e consumo de água.

• Alvo de redução de emissão de carbono: 35% até 2030
• Eficiência de reciclagem de água: 76,4%
• Patentes de tecnologia sustentável arquivadas: 7

Implementação de IA e aprendizado de máquina em eficiência operacional

Tronox investiu US $ 18,6 milhões em tecnologias de IA e aprendizado de máquina, alcançando Melhorias de eficiência operacional de 24,3%.

Aplicação da IA	Investimento ($ m)	Melhoria de eficiência (%)
Manutenção preditiva	8.3	19.7
Algoritmos de otimização de processos	6.5	28.6
Gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos AI	3.8	22.1

Tronox Holdings plc (Trox) - Análise de pilão: fatores legais

Conformidade com os regulamentos de proteção ambiental

A Tronox Holdings PLC enfrenta regulamentos ambientais rigorosos em várias jurisdições. A Companhia gastou US $ 45,2 milhões em esforços de conformidade ambiental e remediação em 2022. Multas e multas regulatórias ambientais totalizaram US $ 3,7 milhões no mesmo ano fiscal.

Categoria regulatória	Gasto de conformidade	Jurisdição regulatória
Lei do Ar Limpo da EPA	US $ 12,6 milhões	Estados Unidos
Regulamentos de descarga de água	US $ 8,9 milhões	União Europeia
Gerenciamento de resíduos perigosos	US $ 15,7 milhões	Operações globais

Riscos potenciais de litígios na mineração e produção química

Atualmente, o Tronox gerencia 12 processos legais ativos relacionados a reivindicações ambientais. As reservas de contingência legal estimadas totais são de US $ 87,3 milhões a partir do quarto trimestre de 2023.

Tipo de litígio	Número de casos ativos	Responsabilidade potencial estimada
Contaminação ambiental	7	US $ 52,6 milhões
Responsabilidade do produto	3	US $ 22,4 milhões
Reivindicações de segurança no local de trabalho	2	US $ 12,3 milhões

Proteção de propriedade intelectual para tecnologias inovadoras

O Tronox detém 68 patentes ativas globalmente. As despesas de proteção de patentes atingiram US $ 4,2 milhões em 2022. O portfólio de propriedade intelectual abrange tecnologias de produção de dióxido de titânio e inovações de processamento mineral.

Categoria de patentes	Número de patentes	Cobertura geográfica
Tecnologias de produção	42	América do Norte, Europa, Ásia
Processamento químico	26	Global

Comércio internacional e exportação/importação regulatória conformidade

A Tronox opera em 15 países, gerenciando regulamentos comerciais internacionais complexos. Os custos de conformidade alfandegária e comercial totalizaram US $ 6,8 milhões em 2022. Risco de violações de controle de exportação: 0,02% do total de remessas internacionais.

Área de conformidade regulatória	Custo de conformidade	Despesas de mitigação de risco
Declarações aduaneiras	US $ 3,2 milhões	US $ 1,5 milhão
Gerenciamento de controle de exportação	US $ 2,6 milhões	US $ 1,1 milhão

Tronox Holdings plc (Trox) - Análise de pilão: Fatores ambientais

Compromisso de reduzir a pegada de carbono na fabricação

Tronox Holdings relatou um Redução de 15% nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa De 2018 a 2022. As emissões totais de carbono da empresa em 2022 foram de 1,2 milhão de toneladas de CO2 equivalentes.

Ano	Emissões de carbono (toneladas métricas CO2)	Porcentagem de redução
2018	1,41 milhão	Linha de base
2020	1,28 milhão	9.2%
2022	1,2 milhão	15%

Práticas sustentáveis ​​de mineração e extração mineral

A Tronox investiu US $ 45,3 milhões em tecnologias de mineração sustentável em 2022. A Companhia opera 4 locais de extração mineral primária com certificação ambiental ISO 14001.

Localização	Tipo de site	Certificação ambiental	Investimento anual em sustentabilidade
Austrália	Mina mineral de titânio	ISO 14001	US $ 12,6 milhões
Estados Unidos	Instalação de processamento mineral	ISO 14001	US $ 11,2 milhões
África do Sul	Local de extração mineral	ISO 14001	US $ 10,5 milhões
Holanda	Planta de processamento	ISO 14001	US $ 11 milhões

Iniciativas de conservação de água e energia

Em 2022, o Tronox reduziu o consumo de água em 22% em suas operações globais. A empresa implementou sistemas de reciclagem de água que economizam 3,6 milhões de metros cúbicos de água anualmente.

Métrica de conservação	2020 valor	2022 Valor	Redução percentual
Consumo de água	5,2 milhões de m³	4,06 milhões de m³	22%
Eficiência energética	425 GWh	392 GWh	8%

Gerenciamento de resíduos e estratégias de economia circular

A Tronox alcançou 68% de taxa de reciclagem de resíduos em 2022, com US $ 22,7 milhões investidos em infraestrutura de economia circular. A empresa desviou 127.000 toneladas de resíduos industriais de aterros sanitários.

Métrica de gerenciamento de resíduos	2020 valor	2022 Valor	Investimento
Taxa de reciclagem	52%	68%	US $ 22,7 milhões
Resíduos desviados do aterro	98.000 toneladas	127.000 toneladas	-

Tronox Holdings plc (TROX) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

You're looking past the financials to the operational bedrock, and honestly, the social environment around a global miner like Tronox Holdings plc is a huge determinant of future cash flow. The key takeaway here is that while the company has managed to de-risk its safety profile to near-industry best, the persistent geopolitical and labor volatility in South Africa remains a tangible threat to production continuity.

Risk of production stoppages due to labor disputes and strikes, especially in South African operations with high union membership.

The high level of employee union membership in Tronox's South African operations creates a constant, near-term risk of disruptive industrial action. This is not just a theoretical concern; the mining industry in South Africa has faced significant cost pressures from rising employment costs and wages in recent years, which fuels negotiation volatility. A prolonged strike can immediately halt production, turning a projected quarter of strong volume into a severe cash crunch.

To be fair, Tronox has historically managed these relations well, but the underlying risk is structural. The company's 2025 outlook is exposed to this risk, plus the additional volatility from the historically political nature of the local communities surrounding its sites. This isn't a problem you can solve with a new piece of equipment.

Strong focus on employee safety, achieving one of the lowest total recordable injury rates in recent decades.

Tronox has made safety a core operational priority, which is a credit to management and defintely a value-add for investors concerned about operational excellence and insurance costs. The company achieved zero fatalities in 2024, a critical milestone in the mining sector. For 2025, the company has set a revised stretch goal for its Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate (TRIFR) of 0.33 (per 200,000 hours worked), building on its strong 2024 performance. This focus translates directly into reduced operational downtime and lower long-term liability exposure.

Here's the quick math on safety performance targets:

Safety Metric	2024 Performance	2025 Target/Goal	Significance
Workplace Fatalities	Zero	Zero	Critical success in a high-risk industry.
Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate (TRIFR)	Achieved one of the lowest in decades	0.33 (Revised stretch goal)	Indicates continuous improvement in safety culture.

Community engagement is mandated by the Social and Labor Plan (SLP) in South Africa, with significant local investment.

As a major mineral sands operator in South Africa, Tronox is legally required to implement a Social and Labor Plan (SLP), which mandates local economic development (LED) and social investment. The company recently received approval for its next SLP. This isn't charity; it's a non-negotiable part of maintaining the 'social license to operate.'

The company commits a portion of its revenue to these initiatives. For context, community investments have consistently been around 0.1% of total revenue. Based on the $3.074 billion in total revenue for the full year 2024, this implies a community investment of approximately $3.074 million. Specific Local Economic Development projects in the Namakwa Sands region have seen investments of over R9.8 million (South African Rand) in a single year for community infrastructure like school renovations and job creation.

Customer demand for sustainable products is driving product stewardship and reformulation efforts in paints and coatings.

The market is shifting, and customers-especially large paint and coatings manufacturers-are demanding more sustainable inputs. Tronox's titanium dioxide ($\text{TiO}_2$) is a key component here, and the company is responding with clear product stewardship actions:

• Embed Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) criteria in all new product risk assessments.
• Update product Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) in 2025 to reflect the environmental benefits of increased renewable energy use.
• Position $\text{TiO}_2$ products to enhance durability and longevity in end-use applications (like paints and plastics), which reduces replacement frequency and waste.

This product focus is a defensive and offensive strategy, ensuring their $\text{TiO}_2$ remains the preferred pigment as downstream industries push for lower-carbon, longer-lasting products. It's a smart move to future-proof their revenue stream.

Tronox Holdings plc (TROX) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

You're looking for the hard numbers that back up Tronox Holdings plc's technology story, because in a cyclical commodity business, technology is your defintely most reliable cost-reduction and differentiation tool. The company's technological focus in 2025 maps directly to two core areas: operational efficiency via automation and future-proofing the feedstock supply through mine development and rare earth mineral recovery.

Ongoing process automation across global facilities is key to driving efficiency and reducing Scope 1 and 2 emissions.

Tronox is actively deploying advanced process controls (APCs) to squeeze more efficiency out of its pigment and mineral sands operations. This isn't just about labor savings; it's a direct attack on high-cost inputs like energy and reductants (coke). The results are clear: the company achieved a 21% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions intensity in 2024 compared to its 2019 baseline, and the 2025 target is a 25% reduction.

This efficiency push is a major pillar of their cost-saving strategy. Specifically, the company is on track to deliver in excess of $60 million in annualized run-rate cost improvements by the end of 2025, part of a larger program targeting $125 million to $175 million in sustainable savings by the end of 2026. That's real money flowing straight to the bottom line.

• 2025 GHG Intensity Target: Reduce Scope 1 & 2 emissions by 25% (vs. 2019 baseline).
• Automation Impact: Implementing Automated Process Controls (APCs) to reduce coke consumption in chlorination.
• Renewable Energy Contribution: The 200MW solar project in South Africa, operational in March 2024, is expected to reduce global Scope 1 and 2 emissions intensity by approximately 13%.

Strategic investment in mining projects like Fairbreeze Expansion and Namakwa East OFS maintains the vertical integration advantage.

The core technological moat for Tronox is its vertical integration-owning the entire process from mine to pigment. Maintaining this advantage requires constant investment in new, high-grade mineral sands deposits to replace depleting mines. For 2025, the company has prioritized capital spending for these key projects, with full-year Capital Expenditures (CapEx) expected to be less than $330 million (revised guidance).

The Namakwa East OFS (Other Feedstock Supply) project in South Africa is a prime example of this strategic CapEx, with commissioning scheduled for November 2025. This new mine will supply higher-grade heavy mineral concentrate directly into the network, safeguarding the low-cost feedstock supply essential for the company's chloride process technology.

2025 Capital Investment Focus	Value/Status (FY 2025)	Strategic Impact
Full-Year Capital Expenditures (Guidance)	Less than $330 million	Sustain vertical integration and replace end-of-life mines.
Q1 2025 CapEx Allocation to Growth Projects	51% of $110 million (Q1 CapEx)	Prioritizes new, high-return mining assets.
Namakwa East OFS Project	Commissioning in November 2025	Secures long-term supply of high-grade ilmenite, rutile, and zircon.
Fairbreeze Expansion	Commissioning scheduled for July 2025	Extends mine life and feedstock security in South Africa.

Research and development (R&D) is focused on new specialty products like TiONA 233 for plastics, offering superior tint strength.

While R&D spending is modest compared to CapEx, it is highly targeted. The company's R&D costs, included in Selling, General and Administrative expenses, were approximately $14 million in 2024, a slight increase from $12 million in 2023, reflecting a consistent, focused investment. This money is aimed at high-margin, specialty applications that differentiate their titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) pigment.

A key outcome is the TiONA 233 product, a blue tint tone rutile $TiO_2$ pigment. It's manufactured using the advanced chloride process, and its optimized surface treatment delivers superior optical efficiency and dispersion. This specialization allows it to target demanding applications like highly loaded masterbatches and critical thin films in the plastics sector, where color stability and UV resistance are paramount.

Leveraging rare earth concentrates (REOs) from tailings provides metals crucial for the clean energy transition (EVs and wind turbines).

A significant technological opportunity lies in monetizing the rare earth-bearing mineral, monazite, found in the tailings (waste) of their mineral sands operations. This is a critical strategic move, positioning Tronox as a potential non-Chinese source of metals essential for the clean energy transition, particularly in electric vehicle (EV) motors and wind turbines.

In Q3 2025, revenue from the 'other products' segment-which includes the sale of heavy mineral concentrate tailings-reached $90 million, demonstrating the immediate value of these byproducts. Furthermore, in October 2025, Tronox made a strategic placement of A$8.6 million (approximately $5.55 million USD) for a 5% cornerstone investment in Lion Rock Minerals Ltd (ASX: LRM) to accelerate the Minta Rare Earth & Rutile Project in Cameroon. This investment is a clear signal of the company's intent to expand its technical expertise and commercial footprint in the rare earth value chain, moving beyond just titanium and zircon.

Tronox Holdings plc (TROX) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

Compliance with the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and Australia's ASRS requirements is a key focus in 2025.

You are seeing a significant shift in mandatory reporting, moving beyond just financial figures to include environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. For a global manufacturer like Tronox Holdings plc, this means a substantial legal and operational undertaking in 2025. The company is actively completing gap assessments to ensure future compliance with the European Union's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), which mandates detailed sustainability reporting for large companies, and Australia's Australian Sustainability Reporting Standards (ASRS) requirements. This isn't just paperwork; it's about proving the sustainability of your entire value chain.

This push for transparency will defintely influence capital allocation. Investors are now using these non-financial disclosures to assess long-term risk and value, so getting this right is crucial for maintaining access to European and Australian capital markets. We expect full implementation of new ESG tools and training to be completed in the first half of 2025 to manage this data collection.

Strict adherence to all applicable environmental laws and reporting requirements is non-negotiable for operating licenses.

Operating a vertically integrated titanium dioxide (TiO2) business means managing complex environmental risks, particularly around mining waste and emissions. Compliance is the price of keeping your operating licenses. In 2025, Tronox is focused on meeting the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) deadline for its lower-risk facilities, a direct response to global regulatory pressure following high-profile industry failures.

The company's commitment here is visible in its 2024 results, which set the baseline for 2025 performance: they achieved a 21% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions intensity compared to the 2019 baseline. This kind of measurable progress helps mitigate the legal risk of regulatory fines or operational shutdowns, especially in jurisdictions with tightening environmental standards. It's simple: manage your waste and emissions, or lose your right to operate.

Idling of the Botlek pigment plant in the Netherlands in 2025 incurred restructuring and other charges of $39 million in Q2 2025.

When a company executes a major strategic move like idling a plant, significant legal and financial liabilities immediately follow. The decision to idle the Botlek pigment plant in the Netherlands, announced in March 2025, resulted in a net loss of $85 million for Tronox in the second quarter of 2025.

The direct legal and financial fallout from this action was a charge of $39 million for restructuring and other costs, net of taxes, recorded in Q2 2025. This amount covers costs like severance packages, contract termination fees, and environmental decommissioning liabilities, showing the direct financial impact of labor and environmental laws in the European Union. Here's the quick math on the Q2 2025 financial impact:

Q2 2025 Financial Metric	Amount (Millions USD)	Note
Net Loss	$85 million	Reported for Q2 2025
Restructuring and Other Charges	$39 million	Primarily related to Botlek idling
GAAP Diluted Loss Per Share	$0.53

The company must manage legal risks related to international trade policies and potential anti-dumping duties in new markets like India and Brazil.

International trade law is a constant challenge, especially in high-growth markets where domestic producers seek protection. Tronox, as a multinational producer (MNP), is both a petitioner and a beneficiary of these trade defenses, particularly against low-cost Chinese imports of titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment. This is a critical legal lever for market share protection.

In Brazil, the legal strategy paid off: the definitive anti-dumping ruling on rutile-type TiO2 from China was imposed on October 24, 2025. This action followed a petition filed by Tronox Pigmentos do Brasil S.A. in 2024. The new duties range from $1,148.72 to $1,267.74 per ton, a significant barrier to Chinese competitors and a clear opportunity for Tronox to gain market share.

However, the legal landscape in India is more volatile. India's Ministry of Finance imposed anti-dumping duties on Chinese TiO2 on May 10, 2025, with rates between $460 and $681 per metric ton. But, on September 22, 2025, the Calcutta High Court overturned this decision due to procedural flaws, temporarily invalidating the duties and remanding the case for a new investigation. This creates near-term uncertainty and re-opens the market to cheaper imports, a clear risk to Tronox's sales volumes in a key growth region.

• Brazil: Definitive anti-dumping duties imposed on Chinese TiO2 in October 2025.
• India: Anti-dumping duties on Chinese TiO2 were imposed in May 2025 but overturned by the Calcutta High Court in September 2025.

Tronox Holdings plc (TROX) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

The environmental factors for Tronox Holdings plc show a clear, measurable commitment to decarbonization and resource stewardship, driven by tangible investments in renewable energy and circular economy initiatives. This focus is defintely a strategic advantage in a market increasingly sensitive to supply chain carbon footprints.

- Reduced Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity by 21% in 2024 from the 2019 baseline, largely via renewable energy adoption.

Tronox Holdings plc achieved a significant reduction in its direct and indirect operational emissions, cutting Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity by 21% in 2024, measured against the 2019 baseline. This puts the company well on track toward its accelerated 2025 target of a 25% reduction.

This progress is primarily due to the shift in energy sourcing for its South African operations and the implementation of automated process controls (APCs) in its pigment plants, which reduces coke consumption.

Here's the quick math on the near-term targets:

• 2024 Achievement: 21% reduction in Scope 1 & 2 GHG emissions intensity.
• 2025 Target: 25% reduction in Scope 1 & 2 GHG emissions intensity.
• Long-Term Goal: Net zero by 2050, with a 50% reduction target by 2030.

- The solar project in South Africa is now online and providing power to operations, with a second significant renewable project underway.

The first major renewable energy initiative, a 200MW solar project with SOLA Group in South Africa, is fully operational as of April 2024. This project alone is estimated to provide approximately 40% of the company's total energy needs in the region, contributing an incremental 13% reduction to global Scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions relative to the 2019 baseline.

A second significant renewable project is now underway with NOA Group, involving a long-term power purchase agreement for approximately 497GWh of energy from wind and solar power plants with a capacity exceeding 200MW. This second project is expected to be fully implemented by the end of 2027 and will deliver an incremental 12% reduction in global Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions.

South Africa Renewable Energy Projects	Partner	Capacity / Contracted Energy	Status (as of 2025)	Global GHG Impact (Incremental)
First Project (Solar)	SOLA Group	200MW (256 MWp installed)	Fully Operational (April 2024)	13% reduction in Scope 1 & 2
Second Project (Wind & Solar)	NOA Group	>200MW (~497GWh contracted)	Underway (Expected 2027)	12% reduction in Scope 1 & 2

- Waste to external landfills decreased by 13% in 2024, driven by recycling and circular economy initiatives.

Tronox Holdings plc has made solid progress on its waste reduction goals, decreasing the absolute amount of waste sent to external dedicated landfills by 13% in 2024, compared to its 2019 baseline. This was achieved through a combination of producing less waste, recycling more material back into its processes, and actively exploring circular economy opportunities.

The company is on track to meet its 2025 target of a 15% reduction in absolute waste to external dedicated landfills. The ultimate goal is achieving zero waste to external dedicated landfills by 2050.

- Piloting water management initiatives in high-stress areas to enhance water stewardship and set global consumption targets.

Water management is a critical focus, especially at sites identified as high-stress areas, which include operations in Australia (Eastern, Southern, Cooljarloo, Bunbury) and the Yanbu Pigment Plant in Saudi Arabia. In 2024, the company rolled out a global program to reduce fresh water use in these high-stress areas.

The company has been piloting water management initiatives at three Tronox locations to better measure consumption and enhance water stewardship. This work is crucial for improving water accounting and setting definitive global water management targets for the future. Already, the company has adjusted operations in high water-stress areas so that non-freshwater resources account for approximately 40% of water used at those sites.