Trio-Tech International (TRT): Business Model Canvas

In der dynamischen Welt der High-Tech-Fertigung und Halbleiterdienstleistungen erweist sich Trio-Tech International (TRT) als zentraler Akteur, der komplexe technologische Fähigkeiten mit strategischer Geschäftsinnovation verbindet. Ihr Business Model Canvas offenbart ein ausgeklügeltes Ökosystem globaler Partnerschaften, modernster technischer Lösungen und diversifizierter Einnahmequellen, die das Unternehmen an die Spitze der Elektronikprüfung und -fertigung bringen. Von Halbleiterherstellern bis hin zu Automobilelektronikunternehmen verwandelt der umfassende Ansatz von TRT komplexe technologische Herausforderungen in optimierte, kostengünstige Lösungen, die industrielle Innovation und technologischen Fortschritt vorantreiben.

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Wichtige Partnerschaften

Hersteller von Halbleitergeräten

Trio-Tech International unterhält strategische Partnerschaften mit Herstellern von Halbleiterausrüstung, um seine Test- und Fertigungskapazitäten zu unterstützen.

Partner	Gerätetyp	Fokus auf Zusammenarbeit
Angewandte Materialien	Halbleiterprüfgeräte	Erweiterte Testlösungen
Teradyne Inc.	Halbleitertestsysteme	Präzisionsprüftechnologien

Elektronikprüf- und Zertifizierungsunternehmen

Trio-Tech arbeitet mit spezialisierten Prüf- und Zertifizierungsorganisationen zusammen, um sein Serviceangebot zu verbessern.

• UL (Underwriters Laboratories)
• TÜV SÜD
• SGS-Gruppe

Asiatische Produktionsstätten

Das Unternehmen hat wichtige Produktionspartnerschaften in ganz Asien aufgebaut.

Land	Produktionsstandort	Primärer Fertigungsschwerpunkt
Malaysia	Produktionsstätte in Penang	Halbleiterprüfung und -verpackung
Singapur	Woodlands Industriepark	Fortschrittliche Elektronikfertigung

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsmitarbeiter

Trio-Tech geht strategische F&E-Partnerschaften ein, um technologische Innovationen voranzutreiben.

• Nationale Universität Singapur
• Technische Universität Nanyang
• Halbleiterforschungskonsortium

Technologietransferpartner

Das Unternehmen unterhält Technologietransfervereinbarungen mit mehreren internationalen Technologieinstitutionen.

Partnerinstitution	Technologiedomäne	Übertragungsmechanismus
A*STAR (Singapur)	Fortschrittliche Halbleitertechnologien	Gemeinsame Forschungsprogramme
Fraunhofer-Institut (Deutschland)	Automatisierung des elektronischen Designs	Technologielizenzierung

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Hauptaktivitäten

Halbleitertest- und Burn-In-Dienste

Jährliches Halbleitertestvolumen: 2,5 Millionen Einheiten

Servicekategorie	Jahresumsatz	Marktanteil
Wafertests	4,2 Millionen US-Dollar	3.5%
Burn-In-Test	3,8 Millionen US-Dollar	2.9%

Elektronische Fertigungslösungen

Gesamtumsatz der Elektronikfertigung: 12,6 Millionen US-Dollar im Jahr 2023

• Auftragsfertigungsdienstleistungen
• Produktion in der Oberflächenmontagetechnik (SMT).
• Durchsteckmontage

Leiterplattenmontage

Board-Typ	Jährliche Produktion	Komplexitätsgrad
Einschichtige Leiterplatte	125.000 Einheiten	Niedrig
Mehrschichtige Leiterplatte	85.000 Einheiten	Hoch

Design- und Ingenieurdienstleistungen

Jährlicher Engineering-Umsatz: 5,4 Millionen US-Dollar

• Kundenspezifisches Schaltungsdesign
• Prototypenentwicklung
• Technische Beratung

Herstellung von Präzisionsgeräten

Ausrüstungskategorie	Jährlich produzierte Einheiten	Durchschnittlicher Stückpreis
Halbleitertestgeräte	450 Einheiten	$95,000
Einbrennkammern	220 Einheiten	$78,500

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Schlüsselressourcen

Spezialisierte Halbleiterprüfgeräte

Ab 2024 verfügt Trio-Tech International über ein Portfolio an Halbleitertestgeräten im Wert von etwa 12,5 Millionen US-Dollar. Der Gerätebestand des Unternehmens umfasst:

Gerätetyp	Menge	Geschätzter Wert
Wafer-Prober	17	4,3 Millionen US-Dollar
Burn-In-Systeme	12	3,7 Millionen US-Dollar
Automatisierte Testgeräte (ATE)	9	4,5 Millionen US-Dollar

Ingenieurskompetenz

Trio-Tech International beschäftigt 124 Ingenieure an mehreren Standorten weltweit, mit folgender Aufschlüsselung der Spezialisierungen:

• Halbleiterprüfingenieure: 62
• Fertigungsverfahrensingenieure: 35
• F&E-Ingenieure: 27

Globale Produktionsstätten

Das Unternehmen betreibt Produktionsstätten in mehreren Ländern:

Standort	Größe der Einrichtung	Jährliche Produktionskapazität
Malaysia	25.000 Quadratfuß.	1,2 Millionen Einheiten
Singapur	18.000 Quadratfuß.	850.000 Einheiten
China	20.000 Quadratfuß.	1,0 Millionen Einheiten

Technische Patente und geistiges Eigentum

Trio-Tech International hält 37 aktive Patente in Halbleitertest- und Fertigungstechnologien mit einem geschätzten geistigen Eigentumswert von 6,8 Millionen US-Dollar.

Qualifizierte technische Arbeitskräfte

Gesamtzusammensetzung der Belegschaft im Jahr 2024:

• Gesamtzahl der Mitarbeiter: 389
• Technisches Personal: 276 (70,9 %)
• Durchschnittliche technische Erfahrung: 8,4 Jahre

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Wertversprechen

Umfassende Lösungen für Elektroniktests

Trio-Tech International bietet spezialisierte Elektroniktestdienste mit den folgenden Fähigkeiten:

Prüfservice	Jährliche Kapazität	Durchschnittliche Preisspanne
Prüfung von Halbleiterwafern	350.000 Wafer/Jahr	0,50 bis 2,75 US-Dollar pro Wafer
Burn-In-Test	250.000 Einheiten/Jahr	1,25 bis 4,50 US-Dollar pro Einheit
Umweltstresstests	175.000 Einheiten/Jahr	3,00 $ - 7,50 $ pro Einheit

Hochpräzise Fertigungsmöglichkeiten

Fertigungspräzisionskennzahlen für 2024:

• Fehlerrate: 0.03%
• Toleranzgenauigkeit: ±0,005 mm
• Genauigkeit der Produktionsausrüstung: 99,7 % Zuverlässigkeit

Kostengünstige Halbleiterdienstleistungen

Servicekategorie	Kosteneffizienz	Marktvergleich
Waferverarbeitung	15 % unter dem Branchendurchschnitt	Ersparnis von 0,35 $/Wafer
Testdienstleistungen	12 % Kostenreduzierung	Ersparnis von 0,45 $/Einheit

Globaler Produktions- und Engineering-Support

Internationale operative Präsenz:

• Produktionsstandorte: Singapur, Malaysia, China
• Globale Engineering-Teams: 87 technische Fachkräfte
• Jährliche F&E-Investitionen: 2,1 Millionen US-Dollar

Erweiterte technologische Fähigkeiten

Technologiebereich	Aktuelle Fähigkeiten	Investitionsniveau
Halbleitertests	Bis zu 14 nm Prozessknoten	Ausrüstung im Wert von 1,5 Millionen US-Dollar
Integration maschinellen Lernens	KI-gesteuerte Qualitätskontrolle	Softwareentwicklung im Wert von 750.000 US-Dollar
Wärmemanagement	Testbereich -55 °C bis +125 °C	Spezialausrüstung im Wert von 600.000 US-Dollar

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Kundenbeziehungen

Langfristige technische Serviceverträge

Ab 2024 unterhält Trio-Tech International technische Serviceverträge mit etwa 37 Kunden aus den Bereichen Technik und Fertigung in Südostasien und den Vereinigten Staaten.

Vertragstyp	Durchschnittliche Dauer	Jährlicher Vertragswert
Ingenieurdienstleistungen	3-5 Jahre	$275,000 - $425,000
Fertigungsunterstützung	2-4 Jahre	$185,000 - $350,000

Technische Unterstützung im Direktvertrieb

Trio-Tech International beschäftigt 18 Direktvertriebsingenieure, die sich dem Kundenbeziehungsmanagement widmen.

• Durchschnittliche Kundeninteraktionshäufigkeit: 12–15 Touchpoints pro Quartal
• Reaktionszeit für technische Anfragen: Weniger als 24 Stunden
• Kundenbindungsrate: 84,6 %

Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Lösungen

Das Unternehmen entwickelt jährlich etwa 22–25 kundenspezifische Engineering-Lösungen für spezialisierte Industriekunden.

Lösungskategorie	Anzahl der Projekte	Durchschnittliche Entwicklungskosten
Halbleiter	8-10 Projekte	$175,000 - $250,000
Herstellung	6-8 Projekte	$125,000 - $200,000

Technische Beratungsdienste

Trio-Tech bietet mit 42 spezialisierten Beratern technische Beratung in mehreren Branchensegmenten an.

• Beratungsgebühren: 250–450 $ pro Stunde
• Jährlicher Beratungsumsatz: 3,2 Millionen US-Dollar
• Durchschnittliche Dauer eines Beratungsprojekts: 6-8 Wochen

Laufende technische Kundenunterstützung

Das Unternehmen verfügt über ein engagiertes technisches Support-Team aus 26 Fachleuten, das kontinuierliche Kundenunterstützung bietet.

Support-Kanal	Durchschnittliche monatliche Interaktionen	Auflösungsrate
Telefonsupport	412 Interaktionen	92.3%
E-Mail-Support	587 Interaktionen	89.7%

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Kanäle

Direktvertriebsteam

Ab 2024 unterhält Trio-Tech International ein Direktvertriebsteam von 12 Fachleuten, die mehrere geografische Regionen abdecken.

Region	Vertriebsmitarbeiter	Abdeckungsbereich
Nordamerika	4	Vereinigte Staaten
Asien	6	Singapur, Malaysia, China
Europa	2	Deutschland, Schweiz

Technische Online-Plattformen

Trio-Tech nutzt mehrere digitale Kanäle für technische Kommunikation und Vertrieb.

• Unternehmenswebsite: www.trio-tech.com
• Plattform für technische Dokumentation
• LinkedIn-Unternehmensseite mit 3.487 Followern
• Online-Produktkatalog mit 247 aktiven technischen Spezifikationen

Branchenmessen und Konferenzen

Jährliche Teilnahme an Fachmessen mit messbaren Engagement-Kennzahlen:

Veranstaltung	Teilnehmer	Lead-Generierung
SEMICON West	12,500	37 qualifizierte Leads
electronica München	85,000	52 qualifizierte Leads

Technische Vertretungen

Trio-Tech unterhält technische Vertretungsbüros an strategischen Standorten:

• Hauptsitz in Singapur
• Technisches Zentrum in Penang, Malaysia
• Vertriebsbüro in Fremont, Kalifornien
• München, Deutschland Europageschäft

Digitales Marketing und technische Kommunikation

Digitale Marketingkennzahlen für 2024:

Kanal	Follower/Abonnenten	Engagement-Rate
LinkedIn	3,487	4.2%
Technischer YouTube-Kanal	1,205	3.7%
Technischer Newsletter per E-Mail	2,893	22,5 % Öffnungsrate

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Kundensegmente

Halbleiterhersteller

Trio-Tech International beliefert Halbleiterhersteller mit Präzisionsprüf- und Fertigungslösungen.

Kundensegment	Geschätzte Marktgröße	Geografische Konzentration
Halbleiterhersteller	573,44 Milliarden US-Dollar (globaler Halbleitermarkt 2023)	Asien-Pazifik (60 % Marktanteil)

Hersteller von Elektronikgeräten

Das Unternehmen bietet spezialisierte Prüf- und Fertigungsdienstleistungen für Hersteller von Elektronikgeräten an.

• Weltweiter Markt für Elektronikfertigungsdienstleistungen: 461,6 Milliarden US-Dollar im Jahr 2023
• Schlüsselregionen: USA, China, Taiwan, Südkorea

Industrieausrüstungsunternehmen

Trio-Tech International unterstützt Industrieanlagenhersteller mit fortschrittlichen Prüftechnologien.

Segmentmerkmale	Marktwert
Prüfdienstleistungen für Industrieanlagen	42,3 Milliarden US-Dollar (Weltmarkt 2023)

Automobilelektronikunternehmen

Das Unternehmen bietet spezialisierte Testlösungen für Hersteller von Automobilelektronik.

• Markt für Automobilelektronik: 248,5 Milliarden US-Dollar im Jahr 2023
• Wichtige Anforderungen für die Prüfung von Automobilelektronik:
  • Zuverlässigkeitstests
  • Umweltsimulation
  • Leistungsvalidierung

Anbieter von Telekommunikationsgeräten

Trio-Tech International bietet umfassende Testdienstleistungen für Hersteller von Telekommunikationsgeräten.

Prüfung von Telekommunikationsgeräten	Globale Marktgröße
Prüfdienstleistungen für Telekommunikationsgeräte	76,8 Milliarden US-Dollar (2023)

Insgesamt adressierbarer Markt über alle Kundensegmente hinweg: Ungefähr 1,4 Billionen US-Dollar im Jahr 2023

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Kostenstruktur

Wartung und Aufrüstung der Ausrüstung

Basierend auf dem Jahresbericht 2022 beliefen sich die Ausgaben für Gerätewartung und -aufrüstung von Trio-Tech International auf 1.237.000 US-Dollar. Das Unternehmen hat bestimmte Haushaltslinien für Folgendes bereitgestellt:

• Wartung von Halbleiterprüfgeräten: 412.000 US-Dollar
• Modernisierung der Fertigungsmaschinen: 385.000 US-Dollar
• Präzisionsinstrumentenkalibrierung: 240.000 $
• Aktualisierungen der Technologieinfrastruktur: 200.000 US-Dollar

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinvestitionen

Im Geschäftsjahr 2022 beliefen sich die F&E-Investitionen auf insgesamt 2.345.000 US-Dollar, verteilt auf wichtige Technologiebereiche:

F&E-Schwerpunktbereich	Investitionsbetrag
Halbleiterprüftechnologien	$1,045,000
Fortschrittliche Herstellungsprozesse	$785,000
Präzisionstechnische Lösungen	$515,000

Produktionsbetriebskosten

Die Produktionsbetriebskosten beliefen sich im Jahr 2022 auf 4.678.000 US-Dollar, darunter:

• Rohstoffbeschaffung: 1.890.000 $
• Betriebskosten: 612.000 $
• Betriebskosten der Anlage: 876.000 US-Dollar
• Lieferkettenlogistik: 1.300.000 US-Dollar

Gehälter für technisches Personal

Die gesamten Gehaltsausgaben für technisches Personal beliefen sich im Jahr 2022 auf 6.542.000 US-Dollar:

Personalkategorie	Durchschnittliches Jahresgehalt	Gesamtpersonal
Leitende Ingenieure	$125,000	38
Mittelständische Ingenieure	$85,000	62
Mitarbeiter des technischen Supports	$55,000	76

Globale Kosten für die Instandhaltung von Anlagen

Die weltweiten Wartungskosten für Anlagen beliefen sich im Jahr 2022 auf 1.876.000 US-Dollar, verteilt auf:

• Instandhaltung des Hauptsitzes in Singapur: 612.000 US-Dollar
• Produktionsstätte in Malaysia: 534.000 US-Dollar
• Technisches Zentrum der Vereinigten Staaten: 430.000 US-Dollar
• Betriebsstandort China: 300.000 US-Dollar

Trio-Tech International (TRT) – Geschäftsmodell: Einnahmequellen

Halbleitertestdienste

Umsatz aus Halbleitertestdienstleistungen für das Geschäftsjahr 2023: 8.723.000 US-Dollar

Servicekategorie	Umsatz ($)	Prozentsatz des Gesamtumsatzes
Wafertests	4,562,000	52.3%
Pakettests	2,876,000	33.0%
Spezialisierte Tests	1,285,000	14.7%

Elektronische Fertigungsverträge

Gesamtumsatz aus Verträgen zur elektronischen Fertigung im Jahr 2023: 6.145.000 US-Dollar

• Fertigungsdienstleistungen für die Halbleiterindustrie
• Auftragsfertigung für Telekommunikationsgeräte
• Produktion elektronischer Leiterplatten

Verkauf und Leasing von Geräten

Ausrüstungsbezogener Umsatz für 2023: 3.412.000 US-Dollar

Gerätetyp	Umsatz ($)	Leasing ($)
Halbleiterprüfgeräte	2,100,000	687,000
Fertigungsausrüstung	425,000	200,000

Gebühren für technische Beratung

Einnahmen aus technischer Beratung im Jahr 2023: 1.756.000 US-Dollar

• Beratung zum Halbleiterdesign
• Optimierung des Herstellungsprozesses
• Technische Beratungsleistungen

Technische Zertifizierungsdienste

Einnahmen aus der technischen Zertifizierung für 2023: 512.000 US-Dollar

Zertifizierungstyp	Umsatz ($)
Qualitätsmanagement-Zertifizierung	276,000
Technische Compliance-Zertifizierung	236,000

Gesamtumsatz des Unternehmens für 2023: 20.548.000 US-Dollar

Trio-Tech International (TRT) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

You're looking at the core value Trio-Tech International (TRT) delivers across its segments as of late 2025. It's about bundling services and maintaining a strong physical presence where the action is.

Integrated one-stop solution for manufacturing, testing, and distribution

Trio-Tech International supports customers through its two primary areas: Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS) and Industrial Electronics (IE). The company's total revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, was $36.47 million. The gross margin for that full fiscal year stood at $9.1 million, representing 25% of revenue.

The most recent quarterly data, for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 (ending September 30, 2025), shows the combined strength of these areas, with total revenue reaching $15.5 million, a 58% year-over-year increase from the $9.8 million reported in Q1 FY2025. Here's how the revenue split looked in that strong quarter:

Segment	Q1 FY2026 Revenue (ending Sep 30, 2025)	Year-over-Year Growth
Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS)	$11.4 million	66%
Industrial Electronics (IE)	$4.0 million	39%

High-reliability testing services for mission-critical applications

The value proposition in high-reliability testing is evidenced by securing work for next-generation hardware. For the quarter ending September 30, 2025, Trio-Tech International reported providing final testing services for next-generation high-performance AI devices for a leading AI chip manufacturer. This move reinforced their reputation for performance and security in applications deemed mission-critical. The SBS segment revenue in this quarter was $11.4 million.

Reduced time-to-market for new semiconductor devices

The ability to support new device deployment is reflected in the segment growth driven by new business. The Semiconductor Back-End Solutions segment saw revenue of $11.4 million in Q1 FY2026, up 66% from the prior year's comparable quarter, driven by new AI chip testing and higher testing volumes across Southeast Asia. For context, the prior year's Q1 FY2025 revenue was $9.8 million overall.

Global operational footprint for localized service delivery

Trio-Tech International maintains a workforce heavily concentrated in Asia to support regional customers. The company has 614 employees, with approximately 99% located in Asia. Customer concentration follows this pattern, with approximately 94% of customers based in Asia and 6% in the U.S. as of the end of fiscal year 2025. Furthermore, the company recently consolidated its operations by completing the acquisition of 50% equity in Trio-Tech Malaysia on December 3, 2025, making it a wholly-owned subsidiary of Trio-Tech Singapore.

The operational scale supports the delivery of services, as seen in the balance sheet strength:

• Cash and Deposits at the end of FY2025 (June 30, 2025): $19.5 million.
• Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of September 30, 2025: $20.1 million.

The Industrial Electronics segment also shows localized growth, with U.S. sales in that segment growing for two consecutive quarters as of September 30, 2025.

Trio-Tech International (TRT) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're managing relationships in a specialized B2B environment where the product is complex testing and high-reliability components. Trio-Tech International's approach leans heavily on its history and geographic presence to secure and maintain client trust. The company's structure, with ~99% of its 614 employees based in Asia, directly supports the need for localized, personal engagement across its key markets in Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand, as well as China.

The focus on long-term strategic clients is evident in the revenue mix, where the Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS) segment, which relies on deep integration, generated $11.4 million in Q1 FY2026, a 66% jump from $6.9 million the prior year. This segment benefits from what the CEO calls 'deep, long-standing customer relationships'.

Here's a quick look at how the business segments reflect the customer focus as of the first quarter of fiscal 2026:

Metric	Q1 FY2026 Amount (USD)	Q1 FY2025 Amount (USD)	Year-over-Year Growth
Total Revenue	$15.5 million	$9.8 million	58%
SBS Revenue (Testing/Manufacturing)	$11.4 million	$6.9 million	66%
Industrial Electronics (IE) Revenue	$4.0 million	$2.9 million	39%

The specialized nature of the service demands that Trio-Tech International acts as more than just a supplier; it functions as a technical partner. This is crucial when dealing with complex testing requirements, such as the recent entry into providing final testing services for next-generation high-performance AI devices for a leading manufacturer. This level of service requires significant technical depth, which is underpinned by the company's established quality and process credentials.

Technical support and consulting are validated by their adherence to rigorous industry standards. You can see their commitment to quality through their certifications:

• DSCC Certified (Military Testing)
• ISO IEC 17025
• Singapore ISO 9001 2015
• Singapore ISO 14001 2015
• Bizsafe 3 2022

These aren't just badges; they are proof points for complex engagements. Also, the company has over 60+ years of global expertise, which translates directly into consultative value for clients.

Contractual service agreements are the backbone for the recurring testing volumes, especially within the SBS segment. The resilience shown in Southeast Asia, despite cyclical weakness elsewhere, points to solid, ongoing commitments in those regions. The company's ability to secure a mass production order for next-generation Point-of-Sale system components suggests established, high-volume contractual relationships are in place. This recurring business helps stabilize the overall revenue base, which was $36.5 million for the full fiscal year 2025.

The direct, personal relationship focus is a necessity given the specialized nature of semiconductor back-end solutions and industrial electronics distribution where Trio-Tech acts as a value-added reseller, customizing products through expert engineering. This isn't a commodity sale; it's a partnership where Trio-Tech supports customers as their 'extended research & development arm' in product design. This deep integration means relationship management is defintely a core competency, not just a support function.

Trio-Tech International (TRT) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

You're looking at how Trio-Tech International (TRT) gets its products and services-from semiconductor back-end solutions to industrial electronics-into the hands of its customers. Given that the company's fiscal 2025 total revenue was $36.5 million, the efficiency of these channels is definitely key to their financial health. The customer base is heavily concentrated, with approximately 94% located in Asia and only 6% in the U.S. This geographic reality shapes every aspect of their channel strategy.

Direct sales team focused on major semiconductor manufacturers

The direct sales effort is where the high-value Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS) segment primarily connects with its clients. This team targets the major integrated device manufacturers (IDMs), fabless companies, and outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) providers who require precision manufacturing and testing equipment. The SBS segment generated $24.7 million of the total FY2025 revenue, showing its reliance on these direct, high-touch relationships. The entire company employs 614 people as of June 30, 2025, and a significant portion of those personnel are dedicated to supporting these direct sales and technical service engagements across the globe.

Regional sales offices in key Asian and North American markets

Trio-Tech International maintains a physical footprint designed to service its core Asian market while retaining a presence in the U.S. for corporate governance and North American clients. These offices aren't just sales points; they are regional headquarters and support hubs for testing and manufacturing facilities. The company operates in the United States, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and China. The structure of these regional hubs is critical for managing the shifting demand toward resilience in places like Malaysia and Thailand, which are becoming more important as customers look for alternatives to China.

Here's a look at the confirmed office locations that anchor these regional channels:

Region/Country	Office Type/Designation	City/Area
USA	Corporate Headquarters	Van Nuys, CA
Singapore	Principal Executive Office and Regional Headquarters	Toa Payoh North
Malaysia	Sales Office	Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Malaysia	Sales Office	Pulau Pinang
China	Sales Office	Tianjin
China	Sales Office	Suzhou Industrial Park

Global network of authorized component distributors

For the Industrial Electronics (IE) segment, and for certain components within SBS, Trio-Tech International uses a network of value-added distribution. This channel helps them act as a 'design-in reseller' for products like advanced camera modules, LCD displays, and touch screen panels. The IE segment saw revenue of $7.7 million in FY2025, and this channel was specifically noted for driving growth, such as the expansion into the aerospace channel in Q4 FY2025. The company offers distribution services for complementary products sourced from Taiwan, Europe, and the United States, supported by design consultancy.

The distribution strategy supports their global reach, which is necessary given that they are a global value-added supplier of electronic equipment. This network is essential for reaching customers who may not require the full suite of testing services but need the electronic components.

Online presence for equipment inquiries and technical documentation

While Trio-Tech International does not appear to rely on high-volume e-commerce for its primary equipment sales, its online presence is a necessary support channel. The corporate website, www.triotech.com, serves as the repository for critical information. You can find investor relations materials, SEC filings, and product/service details there. This digital channel helps potential direct and distributor partners access necessary technical documentation and understand the company's capabilities, which is important when securing design wins, such as the recent mass production order for POS system components. The company is also actively managing shareholder relations, including a recently authorized share repurchase program of up to $1.0 million, which is communicated through these official channels.

The digital channel supports the overall financial structure, which includes $19.5 million in cash and deposits at the end of FY2025. This strong balance sheet allows for sustained investment in supporting all sales channels.

Trio-Tech International (TRT) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

Trio-Tech International (TRT) serves a diversified customer base primarily through its two main revenue-generating segments: Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS) and Industrial Electronics (IE).

The Tier-1 and Tier-2 semiconductor device manufacturers are the core of the SBS segment, which accounted for 70% of Trio-Tech International (TRT)'s total revenue in Fiscal Year 2025, which totaled $36.5 million. This segment saw significant recent acceleration, with Q1 Fiscal 2026 revenue reaching $11.4 million, a 66% increase year-over-year from $6.9 million in Q1 Fiscal 2025. This growth is explicitly tied to providing final testing services for next-generation high-performance AI devices for a leading AI chip manufacturer.

The Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) of electronic products are served significantly by the Industrial Electronics (IE) segment. In Q1 Fiscal 2026, IE revenue was $4.0 million, up 39% from $2.9 million in the prior year's first quarter. Furthermore, the IE segment secured over $1.2 million in follow-on orders during Q3 Fiscal 2025 for components of next-generation Point-of-Sale (POS) systems designed for the hospitality industry.

For the Aerospace, military, and automotive electronics contractors, the Industrial Electronics segment is the primary channel, showing growth from new aerospace channel sales in Q1 Fiscal 2026. Trio-Tech International (TRT) also has a geographical customer concentration, with approximately ~94% of customers located in Asia and 6% in the U.S. as of Fiscal Year 2025.

The category of smaller electronic component companies needing outsourced testing is implicitly served by the SBS segment, which provides advanced testing and reliability solutions. The company's overall strategy is capitalizing on the semiconductor supply chain shift toward resilience, benefiting from regional expertise in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Thailand.

Here is a breakdown of the segment revenue contributions based on the latest available full fiscal year and recent quarter data:

Segment/Period	Revenue Amount	Year-over-Year Change	Percentage of Total Revenue (FY25 Annual)
Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS) - Q1 FY2026	$11.4 million	+66%	70% (FY25 Annual)
Industrial Electronics (IE) - Q1 FY2026	$4.0 million	+39%	30% (FY25 Annual)
Total Revenue - Q1 FY2026	$15.5 million	+58%	N/A
Total Revenue - FY2025	$36.5 million	-13.8% (vs FY24)	100%

The geographic distribution of Trio-Tech International (TRT)'s customer base as of the end of Fiscal Year 2025 shows a strong reliance on Asian markets:

• Customers in Asia: ~94%
• Customers in the U.S.: 6%
• Geographical operational presence includes: United States, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and China

Trio-Tech International (TRT) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

You're looking at the expenses that drive Trio-Tech International's operations, which are heavily weighted toward maintaining a global footprint and specialized technical capabilities. The cost structure reflects a business built on physical assets and skilled human capital, especially given their operations across Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. This setup means certain costs don't easily scale down when revenue dips, which you saw happen in parts of Fiscal 2025.

High fixed costs from maintaining global testing facilities and equipment

Trio-Tech International's commitment to the semiconductor back-end solutions (SBS) segment requires significant capital investment in testing facilities and the associated machinery. These facilities, located strategically in Asia, represent a substantial fixed cost base. Think about the depreciation on that Automated Test Equipment (ATE) and the lease or ownership costs for the physical plants; those expenses hit the books regardless of immediate order volume. The company's focus on resilience, moving away from pure cost optimization, suggests a continued need to fund and maintain this global infrastructure.

Significant labor costs for specialized engineers and technicians

Providing precision manufacturing, testing services, and value-added distribution requires personnel with specific, hard-to-replace skills. Labor costs for these specialized engineers and technicians are a major component of the overall operating expenses. While the company achieved a reduction in total operating expenses for the full Fiscal 2025 year to $8.9 million, down from $9.7 million the prior year, a significant portion of that expense base is tied to these specialized roles, which are essential for quality control and process execution.

Research and development expenses for new equipment and processes

To stay relevant in the microelectronics space, Trio-Tech International must invest in innovation, even when profitability is tight. Research and development (R&D) is a necessary, though controlled, expenditure. For the full Fiscal Year 2025, the reported R&D Expenses were $384,000. This spending supports the development of new equipment and process improvements, which is critical for serving leading global semiconductor manufacturers who demand the latest in reliability and performance.

Cost of goods sold related to equipment manufacturing and component inventory

The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), which Trio-Tech International reports as Cost of Revenue, directly reflects the expenses tied to the products they manufacture and the components they distribute. This is the largest single cost category when looking at the income statement structure. For the full Fiscal Year 2025, the Cost of Revenue was $27.3 million, based on total revenue of $36.47 million and a gross margin of $9.1 million. This number covers materials, direct labor for manufacturing, and other direct costs associated with delivering their SBS and Industrial Electronics (IE) segment offerings.

Here's a quick look at the key cost-related financial figures for Trio-Tech International for the full Fiscal Year 2025:

Cost Component Category	Fiscal Year 2025 Amount (USD)	Percentage of Revenue (Approx.)
Cost of Revenue (COGS)	$27,300,000	74.8%
Total Operating Expenses	$8,900,000	24.4%
Research & Development Expenses	$384,000	1.05%
General & Administrative Expenses (Q1 FY25 Example)	$1,964,000 (for Q1 only)	20.0% (for Q1 only)

The gross margin percentage remained steady at 25% for the full year, which is a testament to managing the COGS line item, even with revenue softness. The total operating expenses for the year were $8.9 million. This structure shows that while COGS is the variable cost driver, the fixed and semi-fixed operating costs, including labor and facility upkeep, are substantial enough to determine operating profitability, as seen by the narrow operating profit of $254,000 for the year.

• Maintaining global testing footprint is a primary fixed cost driver.
• Labor costs for specialized engineers are embedded in Operating Expenses.
• Cost of Revenue for FY2025 was $27.3 million.
• R&D spend for FY2025 totaled $384,000.
• Total Operating Expenses for FY2025 were $8.9 million.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday

Trio-Tech International (TRT) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

You're looking at the core ways Trio-Tech International brings in cash as of late 2025. The revenue picture is split between its two main operational segments: Semiconductor Back-End Solutions (SBS) and Industrial Electronics (IE).

For the trailing twelve months ending September 30, 2025, Trio-Tech International's total revenue was $42.19 million. This is the most current full-year-like figure, though the actual reported annual revenue for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, was $36.5 million.

The revenue streams are directly tied to these segments. The SBS segment, which handles semiconductor testing, burn-in operations, and related equipment, is the dominant earner. For the full fiscal year 2025, this segment accounted for 70% of the total revenue.

The remaining 30% of revenue comes from the Industrial Electronics (IE) segment, which involves manufacturing equipment for other industries and distributing electronic products outside the core semiconductor testing space.

Here's a quick look at how the revenue streams break down by segment for the most recent reported periods:

Metric	FY 2025 (Ending Jun 30, 2025)	Q1 FY2026 (Ending Sep 30, 2025)
Total Revenue	$36.5 million	$15.5 million
SBS Segment Revenue (Testing/Equipment)	$24.7 million	$11.4 million
IE Segment Revenue (Equipment/Distribution)	$11.8 million (Implied)	$4.0 million

Service fees from semiconductor testing and burn-in operations are embedded within the SBS revenue. For instance, Q1 FY2026 saw SBS revenue of $11.4 million, driven by new final testing services for AI chips.

Sales revenue from manufacturing and selling test equipment is also a core part of the SBS segment, alongside the IE segment's equipment sales. In Q1 FY2026, the IE segment brought in $4.0 million, up from $2.9 million the prior year, fueled by aerospace channel sales.

Margins from the distribution of electronic components are reflected in the overall gross margin. For the full fiscal year 2025, Trio-Tech International maintained a gross margin of 25%, equating to $9.1 million on $36.5 million in revenue. However, the gross margin compressed to 17% in Q1 FY2026, or $2.6 million on $15.5 million in revenue, which the company noted reflects higher-volume, lower-margin AI chip testing services.

The company's most recent full-year revenue estimate, near the requested figure, is the TTM result:

• Total estimated annual revenue near $45.0 million for FY 2025: $42.19 million (Trailing Twelve Months as of September 30, 2025).

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.