Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL): Análisis PESTLE [Actualizado en Ene-2025]

En el panorama dinámico de la educación digital, Duolingo se ha convertido en una fuerza transformadora, revolucionando el aprendizaje de idiomas a través de la tecnología innovadora y la accesibilidad global. Este análisis integral de mano de mortero profundiza en el intrincado ecosistema del gigante de tecnología ed, desentrañando la compleja interacción de los factores políticos, económicos, sociológicos, tecnológicos, legales y ambientales que dan forma a su notable viaje. Desde algoritmos de aprendizaje impulsados ​​por la IA hasta la navegación de paisajes regulatorios internacionales, Duolingo representa un estudio de caso convincente de cómo una plataforma digital puede trascender los límites educativos tradicionales y crear un impacto global significativo.

Duolingo, Inc. (Duol) - Análisis de mortero: factores políticos

ED-Tech Company con sede en EE. UU. Operando en múltiples mercados internacionales

Duolingo opera en 194 países con plataformas de aprendizaje de idiomas. La base de usuarios globales de la compañía alcanza 57.4 millones de usuarios activos mensuales a partir del tercer trimestre de 2023.

País	Complejidad regulatoria	Penetración del mercado
Estados Unidos	Bajo	38% del total de usuarios
Brasil	Medio	12% del total de usuarios
India	Alto	8% del total de usuarios

Navegar por las regulaciones de tecnología educativa

Los desafíos regulatorios clave incluyen:

• Cumplimiento de la privacidad de datos en la Unión Europea (GDPR)
• Regulaciones de protección infantil en línea
• Restricciones de contenido educativo digital en China
• Requisitos de verificación de edad en múltiples jurisdicciones

Impacto en la política gubernamental en la educación digital

Los ingresos de Duolingo fueron de $ 369.2 millones en 2022, con una dependencia significativa de las asociaciones institucionales gubernamentales y educativas.

Región	Influencia de la política de tecnología educativa	Adaptación al mercado
América del norte	Políticas de aprendizaje digital de apoyo	Aceptación de plataforma alta
unión Europea	Regulaciones estrictas de protección de datos	Adaptación de plataforma moderada
Asia-Pacífico	Variables regulaciones de educación digital	Entrada de mercado compleja

Tensiones geopolíticas que afectan la expansión del mercado

Los desafíos geopolíticos afectan la estrategia de crecimiento internacional de Duolingo, particularmente en regiones con restricciones tecnológicas.

• Rusia: plataforma bloqueada desde 2022
• China: acceso limitado al mercado
• Irán: Sanciones que evitan la entrada completa del mercado

Duolingo mantiene el cumplimiento de las regulaciones comerciales internacionales y adapta su estrategia a la dinámica geopolítica.

Duolingo, Inc. (Duol) - Análisis de mortero: factores económicos

Modelo de negocio de Freemium con flujo de ingresos basado en suscripción

Los ingresos de Duolingo para el año fiscal 2023 alcanzaron los $ 521.9 millones, con un crecimiento de 42% año tras año. Los ingresos por suscripción de Duolingo Plus representaron $ 371.9 millones, lo que representa el 71% de los ingresos totales.

Categoría de ingresos	Cantidad (2023)	Porcentaje de ingresos totales
Ingresos de suscripción (Duolingo Plus)	$ 371.9 millones	71%
Ingresos publicitarios	$ 150 millones	29%

Monetización de productos de publicidad digital y aprendizaje de idiomas

Los ingresos por publicidad digital para Duolingo en 2023 fueron de $ 150 millones. Los ingresos publicitarios de la compañía crecieron un 35% en comparación con el año anterior.

Fluctuaciones económicas globales y tendencias de inversión del sector tecnológico

El precio de las acciones de Duolingo fluctuó entre $ 98.22 y $ 232.95 en 2023, lo que refleja la volatilidad del sector tecnológico. La capitalización de mercado de la compañía a diciembre de 2023 fue de aproximadamente $ 4.8 mil millones.

Métrica financiera	Valor 2023
Rango de precios de las acciones	$98.22 - $232.95
Capitalización de mercado	$ 4.8 mil millones
Lngresos netos	$ 36.5 millones

Expansión del mercado de capacitación en lenguaje corporativo

Duolingo para escuelas y la prueba de inglés de Duolingo generó flujos de ingresos adicionales. El segmento de prueba de dominio del inglés generó aproximadamente $ 80 millones en 2023.

Segmento de capacitación en idiomas corporativos	2023 ingresos
Prueba de inglés de Duolingo	$ 80 millones
Duolingo para escuelas	Ingresos no divulgados por separado

Duolingo, Inc. (Duol) - Análisis de mortero: factores sociales

Capitaliza la tendencia global del aprendizaje de idiomas digitales

A partir de 2024, Duolingo informó 575 millones de usuarios registrados a nivel mundial. La penetración del mercado de aprendizaje de idiomas de la plataforma muestra un crecimiento significativo en diferentes segmentos demográficos.

Región	Porcentaje de usuario	Enfoque de aprendizaje de idiomas primarios
América del norte	32%	Español
Europa	28%	Inglés
América Latina	22%	Inglés
Asia-Pacífico	18%	Japonés, coreano

Apele a generaciones más jóvenes y expertos en tecnología que buscan educación flexible

Revelar la demografía de los usuarios de Duolingo El 68% de los usuarios tienen entre 16 y 35 años. El uso de la aplicación móvil constituye 87% del compromiso de la plataforma total.

Grupo de edad	Porcentaje de usuarios	Tiempo de aprendizaje diario promedio
16-24	42%	23 minutos
25-35	26%	17 minutos
36-45	18%	12 minutos
45+	14%	8 minutos

Apoya el intercambio cultural y los objetivos de comunicación global

Ofertas de Duolingo 40 cursos de idiomas con Opciones de aprendizaje básico de costo cero. La plataforma admite la comunicación internacional en diversos orígenes lingüísticos.

Aborda la creciente demanda de educación accesible y conveniente de idiomas

En 2024, Duolingo's La base de usuarios gratuitas representa el 97% del total de usuarios registrados. Las tasas de suscripción premium se encuentran en 3% con un costo de suscripción mensual de $ 6.99.

Modo de aprendizaje	Compromiso de usuario	Tasa de finalización promedio
Versión gratuita	97%	35%
Duolingo Plus	3%	62%

Duolingo, Inc. (Duol) - Análisis de mortero: factores tecnológicos

Algoritmos de aprendizaje de idiomas impulsados ​​por la IA pioneros

Duolingo emplea tecnologías avanzadas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural con Más de 500 millones de parámetros de aprendizaje automático. El proceso de algoritmos de IA de la compañía 2.5 mil millones de interacciones de aprendizaje de idiomas diariamente.

Métrica de tecnología de IA	Datos cuantitativos
Parámetros de aprendizaje automático	500+ millones
Interacciones diarias del idioma	2.500 millones
Modelos de idiomas compatibles	Más de 40 idiomas
Precisión de personalización de IA	92.3%

Inversión continua en aprendizaje automático y tecnologías de aprendizaje adaptativo

Duolingo invertido $ 124.7 millones en I + D durante 2023, representando 23.6% de los ingresos totales de la compañía.

Métrica de inversión tecnológica	2023 datos
Gasto de I + D	$ 124.7 millones
Porcentaje de ingresos	23.6%
Patentes de aprendizaje automático	37
Innovaciones tecnológicas anuales	12-15 actualizaciones principales

Plataforma móvil primero con compatibilidad multiplataforma

Duolingo mantiene 98.3% compatibilidad de plataforma móvil a través de dispositivos iOS y Android, con 76 millones de usuarios móviles activos mensuales.

Métrica de plataforma móvil	Datos cuantitativos
Usuarios móviles activos mensuales	76 millones
Compatibilidad de la plataforma	98.3%
Calificaciones de la tienda de aplicaciones móviles	4.7/5
Soporte multiplataforma	iOS, Android, Web

Aprovechando las técnicas de gamificación para mejorar la participación del usuario

La estrategia de gamificación de Duolingo impulsa 89.4% Tasa de retención de usuarios con usuarios activos diarios que alcanzan los 57.4 millones.

Métrico de gamificación	Datos cuantitativos
Tasa de retención de usuarios	89.4%
Usuarios activos diarios	57.4 millones
Tasa de mantenimiento de rayas	62.7%
Características de la gamificación	12 Mecánica de compromiso única

Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL) - Análisis de mortero: factores legales

Cumplimiento de las regulaciones internacionales de privacidad de datos

Duolingo se adhiere a múltiples marcos de privacidad de datos internacionales:

Regulación	Estado de cumplimiento	Año de implementación
GDPR (Unión Europea)	Cumplimiento total	2018
CCPA (California)	Certificado	2020
Pipeda (Canadá)	Cumplimiento verificado	2019

Protección de la propiedad intelectual del contenido de aprendizaje de idiomas

Cartera de propiedades intelectuales:

Categoría de IP	Número de registros	Jurisdicciones cubiertas
Marcas registradas	57	24 países
Contenido con derechos de autor	3.672 módulos de aprendizaje únicos	Protección global
Solicitudes de patentes	12 patentes activas	Estados Unidos, Europa

Navegar por requisitos de licencia de tecnología educativa

Métricas de cumplimiento de licencias:

Categoría de licencias	Porcentaje de cumplimiento	Verificación anual
Licencias de contenido educativo	98.7%	Trimestral
Permisos de recursos lingüísticos	96.5%	By-anualmente

Administración de la protección de datos del usuario en múltiples jurisdicciones

Marco de protección de datos de usuario:

Jurisdicción	Centros de datos	Nivel de cifrado
Estados Unidos	3 centros de datos primarios	Cifrado AES de 256 bits
unión Europea	2 centros de datos	Cifrado AES de 256 bits
Asia-Pacífico	1 centro de datos	Cifrado AES de 256 bits

Duolingo, Inc. (Duol) - Análisis de mortero: factores ambientales

La plataforma digital minimiza el consumo de recursos físicos

La plataforma digital de Duolingo reduce el consumo de papel en un 100% en comparación con los materiales de aprendizaje de idiomas tradicionales. La plataforma elimina los libros de texto físicos, los libros de trabajo y los recursos de aprendizaje impresos.

Tipo de recurso	Reducción anual	Impacto ambiental
Consumo de papel	Aproximadamente 500,000 kg	Equivalente a ahorrar 6,000 árboles por año
Imprenta materiales	Producción física cero	Contenido de aprendizaje 100% digital

Reducción de la huella de carbono de aprendizaje remoto

El modelo de aprendizaje remoto de Duolingo reduce las emisiones de carbono asociadas con los viajes educativos tradicionales en un 75%estimado.

Tipo de viaje	Emisiones promedio de CO2	Porcentaje de reducción
Viajes de la escuela de idiomas	1.2 Toneladas métricas CO2/Estudiante/Año	Reducción del 75% a través de la plataforma digital

Eficiencia energética de la computación en la nube

Duolingo utiliza Amazon Web Services (AWS) con un compromiso con energía 100% renovable para 2025. La infraestructura en la nube de la plataforma reduce el consumo de energía en aproximadamente un 65% en comparación con la infraestructura de TI tradicional.

Parámetro de infraestructura	Rendimiento actual	Meta de sostenibilidad
Eficiencia energética	Reducción del 65% en el uso de energía	Energía 100% renovable para 2025
Eficiencia del servidor en la nube	3.6 veces más eficiente que los centros de datos locales	Optimización continua

Transformación de educación digital sostenible

Duolingo apoya la accesibilidad educativa global con un impacto ambiental mínimo, que atiende a 500 millones de usuarios registrados a través de una plataforma digital de desechos cero.

Métrica de sostenibilidad	Rendimiento actual	Beneficio ambiental
Usuarios registrados	500 millones	Educación global con huella de carbono mínimo
Alcance de aprendizaje digital	Más de 40 idiomas	Cero consumo de recursos físicos

Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

Rising Global Multiculturalism Fuels Demand for Language and Cross-Cultural Skills

The social landscape is defined by an accelerating trend toward global interconnectedness and multiculturalism, which directly boosts demand for the cross-cultural communication skills Duolingo, Inc. provides. This isn't just a soft trend; it's a significant market driver. The global language learning apps market size was valued at $7.36 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $24.39 billion by 2033, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.15% over that period.

In the U.S. specifically, the large immigrant and multicultural population drives high demand for English and Spanish learning, creating a robust domestic market for the platform. This social shift means that learning a second or third language is moving from a niche hobby to a necessary career skill, so the total addressable market is defintely expanding beyond traditional education channels. Duolingo's extensive course catalog, which includes over 100 courses in 40+ languages, capitalizes on this need.

Core User Base Concentrated in the 18-24 Year Old Demographic, Favoring Mobile-First Learning

The company's success is deeply rooted in its alignment with the learning preferences of the younger, digitally native generations. The largest segment of the Duolingo user base is concentrated in the 18-24 year old demographic, with the 25-34 age bracket following closely. This cohort is inherently mobile-first, which is why the Duolingo app-the top-grossing app in the Education category on both Google Play and the Apple App Store-is perfectly positioned.

This demographic preference for bite-sized, on-the-go learning sessions is a massive social tailwind. The platform's format is designed for the modern attention span, which is why the average time spent on the app is relatively short, around 15 minutes and 39 seconds, but the daily frequency is high. The platform must continue to innovate its mobile experience to retain this core group.

Mission to Democratize Education Attracts a Massive Free User Base

Duolingo's core mission to develop the best education in the world and make it universally available is a powerful social magnet. This commitment to accessibility is what underpins its freemium business model, attracting hundreds of millions of users who might not otherwise afford language education. The platform reached a staggering 960 million cumulative downloads by the end of 2024.

The vast majority of its active community uses the product for free, which is a key social factor. Here's the quick math on the scale of the free user base as of Q2 2025:

Metric (Q2 2025)	Amount	Insight
Monthly Active Users (MAUs)	128.3 million	Total monthly reach.
Paid Subscribers	10.9 million	Users paying for premium features.
Estimated Free Users (MAUs - Subscribers)	~117.4 million	The core of the democratized education mission.

This huge, free user base provides a critical data flywheel, allowing the company to run over 750 A/B tests per quarter to constantly improve the learning efficacy for everyone.

Gamification Drives User Engagement

The social factor of gamification-making learning feel like a game-is the engine of user engagement. This design choice translates directly into industry-leading usage metrics. Daily Active Users (DAUs) reached approximately 47.7 million in Q2 2025, representing a strong 40% year-over-year growth.

The consistent daily habit is driven by game-like features like:

• Streaks: Rewarding daily practice consistency.
• Leaderboards: Tapping into social competition.
• In-app Currency (Gems): Used for power-ups and features.

The improved DAU-to-MAU ratio, which climbed to 37.2% in Q2 2025, is the clearest indicator of this social-design success; it shows that a higher percentage of the total monthly audience is making the app a daily habit. This engagement is crucial because, honestly, learning a language is hard, and Duolingo makes the motivation part easier.

Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

The technological landscape for Duolingo, Inc. is defined by its aggressive move to an 'AI-first' strategy, which is both a massive opportunity for scale and a significant structural risk for its content creation model. The company's core strength remains its mobile-first design, but its global growth is fundamentally tied to the uneven progress of internet infrastructure worldwide.

Generative AI is core, enabling the creation of 148 new courses in one year.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the single biggest technological driver for Duolingo in 2025. This technology dramatically accelerated content production, allowing the company to launch 148 new language courses in a single year, which effectively doubled its prior course catalog.

To be fair, developing the first 100 courses took Duolingo about 12 years; the new AI-driven pace is unprecedented. This rapid scaling allows for much deeper market penetration, especially by offering courses for less common language pairs, like Japanese for Spanish speakers. This shift has also driven internal changes, with the company phasing out contractors for roles that AI can handle, underscoring a commitment to efficiency over traditional human-led content creation.

R&D spending is projected to increase by 33.77% in 2025, focusing heavily on AI features.

Duolingo's financial commitment to this AI-first model is clear in its Research and Development (R&D) spending. For the twelve months ending September 30, 2025, R&D expenses reached $0.293 billion. Here's the quick math: this represents a 33.77% year-over-year increase, a far more aggressive investment than the typical 15% to 20% growth seen in the broader EdTech sector.

This capital is not just for content; it funds the development of premium, AI-powered features like those in Duolingo Max, which uses large language models (LLMs) to provide personalized explanations and simulated conversational practice. This focus on AI infrastructure led to a rise in quarterly R&D expenses of 34% to $73.7 million in Q2 2025, demonstrating the high cost of maintaining a technological edge.

Metric (Fiscal Year 2025)	Value / Increase	Strategic Implication
R&D Expenses (TTM Sep 2025)	$0.293 billion	High investment in AI infrastructure and product innovation.
Y-o-Y Increase in R&D Spend	33.77%	Aggressive commitment to the 'AI-first' operating model.
New AI-Generated Courses (2025)	148 courses	Unprecedented content scaling, doubling the course catalog.

Mobile technology is the primary platform.

Duolingo is fundamentally a mobile application, and this platform choice is a massive technological advantage for global reach. While the specific company-wide percentage of users accessing via mobile versus desktop is proprietary, the entire product design, from bite-sized lessons to gamified streaks, is optimized for the smartphone. This mobile-first approach is crucial because it aligns with global internet usage trends.

The ubiquity of smartphones, even in emerging markets, allows Duolingo to reach a user base that surpassed 135.3 million monthly active users in Q3 2025. This is a low-friction, high-engagement model. Still, the company must continue to invest in platform optimization, especially for Android users, who represent a larger share of the global user base, particularly in high-growth regions like India.

Continued reliance on global internet penetration exposes the business to digital divide risks.

The business model relies entirely on internet access, and while global connectivity is growing, it remains a limiting factor. As of 2025, an estimated 6 billion people, or 74% of the world's population, are now online.

However, this means approximately 2.2 billion people remain offline, mostly concentrated in low-income countries and rural areas. This digital divide (the gap between those with and without digital access) is a long-term headwind for total addressable market (TAM) expansion. For example, internet use reaches 94% of people in high-income countries but only 23% in low-income countries. This disparity means Duolingo's growth will be slower in the very regions that need free education the most.

• Affordability: Data-only broadband remains unaffordable in roughly 60% of low- and middle-income countries.
• Access Quality: While 4G and 3G are widespread, 5G networks, which support the advanced features like Duolingo Max's video calls, only cover about 4% of the population in low-income countries.
• Offline Strategy: The company must defintely invest more in a robust offline-first strategy to mitigate this risk and continue penetrating these underserved markets.

Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

Strict data privacy laws, like GDPR and CCPA, require complex, costly compliance.

You're operating a global platform, so data privacy compliance is defintely a high-stakes, non-stop cost center. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), force Duolingo, Inc. to maintain complex, evolving data governance structures. This isn't just about avoiding a fine; it's the operational cost of managing user data across dozens of jurisdictions.

For instance, Duolingo's Privacy Policy was most recently updated in July 2025, reflecting continuous adjustments to these laws. Plus, the company must manage the fallout from past incidents, like the August 2023 data breach where personal information for approximately 2.6 million users was leaked due to an exposed API. That breach alone highlights the financial and reputational risk of inadequate security controls.

Here's the quick math on the compliance cost reality:

• Annual GDPR compliance monitoring and implementation costs for a large, complex organization can range from $20,500 to $102,500, not including the significant internal expense for security tools and employee training.
• The CPRA's enforcement penalties in California can reach $7,988 per intentional violation, which adds a substantial risk layer to US operations.

Non-compliance with GDPR could lead to fines up to 4% of global annual turnover.

The financial risk tied to GDPR non-compliance is staggering, and it's a number every investor needs to see clearly. The maximum fine under GDPR is the greater of €20 million or 4% of the company's total worldwide annual turnover. Based on Duolingo, Inc.'s full-year 2025 revenue guidance, this potential liability is massive.

Using the midpoint of the company's 2025 revenue forecast of approximately $1.015 billion, a maximum GDPR fine would be about $40.6 million. To be fair, this is a worst-case scenario, but the threat is real and forces substantial, proactive investment in legal counsel and data infrastructure. This potential fine is an order of magnitude larger than the ongoing compliance costs, making it a critical strategic risk.

Navigating varied educational content licensing and accreditation standards is crucial.

As Duolingo, Inc. moves further into the EdTech space, the legal and regulatory complexity of educational accreditation becomes a major factor. Unlike a simple game, a language course needs to meet certain academic standards to be taken seriously by users and institutions. The company has made a major commitment to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which is a clear strategic move to gain credibility.

The legal challenge is ensuring their AI-generated content meets these standards globally. In April 2025, Duolingo launched 148 new language courses, a feat accomplished by leveraging generative AI. While efficient, this scale requires intense legal and academic oversight to ensure the content is not only accurate but also meets the educational quality standards required for institutional recognition in different countries.

What this estimate hides is the fragmentation of official recognition. For example, the Duolingo English Test (DET) is accepted by thousands of universities, but it is not currently on the UK Home Office's list of approved Secure English Language Tests (SELTs) for visa applications, which limits its use for immigration-related purposes.

Age verification requirements across multiple jurisdictions complicate user onboarding.

The global user base, which includes a significant number of minors, creates a patchwork of legal requirements that complicate the user experience and increase legal overhead. In the US, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) sets the standard for online services used by children under 13.

However, the GDPR extends this complexity. While Duolingo, Inc.'s standard account minimum age is 13, some EU member states mandate a minimum age of 16 for processing personal data without explicit parental consent. This means a user in Germany might require a different onboarding flow and parental consent mechanism than a user in the US, adding friction and cost. The company must implement a system that dynamically adjusts privacy settings and consent forms based on the user's geographical location, which is a major engineering and legal task.

The table below summarizes the key age-related compliance differences:

Jurisdiction/Regulation	Minimum Age for Standard Account (No Parental Consent)	Primary Compliance Driver
United States	13 years old	COPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act)
European Union (Some Member States)	16 years old	GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

You're looking at Duolingo's environmental profile, and the direct takeaway is simple: as a pure-play digital platform, its environmental footprint is inherently minimal, but the real impact lies in the massive carbon savings it enables for its users. The company's core business model is a powerful offset against traditional education's environmental costs.

Minimal carbon footprint due to its fully digital platform structure

Duolingo's operational footprint is defintely low because it is a digital-first company, avoiding the large physical infrastructure of traditional educational institutions. The company itself acknowledges its overall environmental impact is minimal. However, the company does not provide comprehensive Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions data, which is a transparency gap to note. The most concrete environmental data comes from the Duolingo English Test (DET), which highlights the platform's inherent advantage in reducing emissions from travel and physical test centers.

Here's the quick math on the carbon cost of language testing, based on a June 2025 report:

Metric	Traditional In-Person English Test (Average)	Duolingo English Test (Remote Digital)	Reduction
CO₂e per test	14.3 kg of CO₂e	0.16 kg of CO₂e	98%
Primary Emission Driver	Student travel (average 175 km journey)	Student computer power consumption	Significant travel elimination

Digital learning reduces paper consumption by 100% compared to traditional methods

The Duolingo platform, with over 130 million monthly active users by early 2025, fundamentally eliminates the need for textbooks, workbooks, and printed materials. This core function translates to a near-total reduction in paper consumption for language learning and assessment, effectively a 100% reduction compared to a traditional, paper-based curriculum or testing environment. This isn't a minor benefit; it's a structural advantage of the EdTech (Educational Technology) model.

For context, the company's internal operations, while minimal, still focus on resource management, including:

• Implementing recycling and composting programs at its Pittsburgh headquarters.
• Selecting energy-efficient appliances and LED lighting in new office designs.
• Working to track utility and consumption data at all global office locations.

Cloud infrastructure utilizes Amazon Web Services (AWS) with a goal of 100% renewable energy by 2025

Duolingo relies heavily on cloud computing, primarily through Amazon Web Services (AWS), but also using other providers like Azure and Google Cloud Platform. The good news is that Duolingo benefits directly from its main provider's aggressive sustainability moves. Amazon met its goal of matching 100% of the electricity consumed by its global operations with renewable energy in 2023, a full seven years ahead of its original 2030 target, and continued this in 2024. So, the company's core digital service is already running on a platform that is carbon-matched, which is a huge win for its indirect (Scope 3) emissions.

What this estimate hides is the power consumption of end-user devices, which is a factor, but the shift of the server-side load to a renewable-matched cloud is a significant structural de-risking of the company's environmental footprint.

Remote learning model reduces carbon emissions associated with traditional educational travel

The remote learning and testing model is the biggest environmental opportunity for Duolingo. The elimination of travel for testing, as demonstrated by the DET, is a clear, quantifiable environmental benefit. For the UK higher education sector alone, the shift to digital testing for approximately 500,000 traditional tests per year is estimated to save 11,173 tonnes of CO₂e emissions annually. That's a huge carbon saving. Plus, it saves an estimated 1.03 million hours of student travel time, which is a major social and environmental benefit. This is a strong indicator of the positive environmental externality (an unpriced benefit) of Duolingo's entire remote learning business.

The action item here is clear: Duolingo Finance should work with the Investor Relations team to formally quantify and disclose this 'avoided emissions' metric in their next ESG report, using the DET data as a template for the entire learning app user base.