Nokia Oyj (NOK): Analyse du Pestle [Jan-2025 MISE À JOUR]

Dans le paysage rapide en évolution des télécommunications mondiales, Nokia Oyj se tient au carrefour de l'innovation et de la transformation stratégique. Cette analyse complète du pilon dévoile le réseau complexe de facteurs politiques, économiques, sociologiques, technologiques, juridiques et environnementaux qui façonnent la trajectoire mondiale de l'entreprise, offrant une plongée profonde dans les défis et les opportunités à multiples facettes qui définissent l'écosystème commercial contemporain de Nokia. Des tensions géopolitiques aux investissements révolutionnaires de l'infrastructure 5G, l'analyse fournit une perspective nuancée sur la façon dont ce géant de la technologie finlandaise navigue sur les terrains complexes des marchés internationaux et des progrès technologiques.

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - Analyse du pilon: facteurs politiques

Environnement démocratique stable de la Finlande

La Finlande se classe 1er dans le World Press Freedom Index 2023. Nokia bénéficie de la stabilité politique de la Finlande, avec un score de gouvernance à 100% démocratique selon l'indice démocratie de l'économiste de la démocratie 2023.

Indicateur de stabilité politique	Valeur
Indicateurs mondiaux Indicateurs Score de stabilité politique	0.84 (2023)
Classement d'indice des perceptions de la corruption	3ème mondiale

Règlement sur la technologie de l'UE

Nokia doit se conformer à plusieurs cadres réglementaires de l'UE:

• Règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD)
• Exigences de conformité de la loi sur les services numériques
• Règlement sur la loi sur les marchés numériques

Coût de conformité réglementaire	Dépenses estimées
Investissement annuel de conformité réglementaire	87 millions d'euros (2023)

Politiques commerciales internationales

Analyse de l'impact commercial:

• Les restrictions commerciales de la technologie des États-Unis-Chine affectent directement la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale de Nokia
• Les contrôles d'exportation de technologie imposés par l'UE ont un impact sur les stratégies du marché international

Impact de la politique commerciale	Métrique
Diversification du marché mondial	42 pays (2023)
Diffusion géographique de la chaîne d'approvisionnement	17 emplacements de fabrication

Tensions du secteur de la technologie géopolitique

Les partenariats stratégiques de Nokia s'adaptent aux paysages géopolitiques complexes:

• Développement des infrastructures 5G sur les marchés non chinois
• Accent accru sur les partenariats technologiques européens et nord-américains

Métriques de partenariat stratégique	2023 données
Nouveaux partenariats technologiques stratégiques	8 collaborations internationales
Investissement en R&D dans les technologies géopolitiques neutres	4,4 milliards d'euros

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - Analyse du pilon: facteurs économiques

Les investissements mondiaux d'infrastructure 5G conduisent les revenus de l'équipement de télécommunications de Nokia

Les revenus des infrastructures 5G de Nokia en 2023 ont atteint 7,4 milliards d'euros, ce qui représente 37% du total des ventes nettes. Les investissements mondiaux du réseau 5G prévoyaient de 1,2 billion de dollars d'ici 2025.

Région	Investissement d'infrastructure 5G (2023)	Croissance projetée
Amérique du Nord	35,6 milliards de dollars	18.2%
Europe	22,3 milliards d'euros	15.7%
Asie-Pacifique	48,9 milliards de dollars	22.5%

Les taux de change de la monnaie fluctuants ont un impact sur la performance financière internationale de Nokia

En 2023, Nokia a connu 289 millions d'euros d'impact négatif de traduction de la monnaie. Le taux de change de l'euro à l'USD a fluctué entre 1,05-1,12 tout au long de l'année.

Le ralentissement économique peut réduire les dépenses technologiques des entreprises et du gouvernement

Prévisions de dépenses mondiales des TIC: 4,6 billions de dollars en 2024, avec une réduction potentielle de 2,3% des investissements technologiques d'entreprise. Revenu du segment des entreprises de Nokia: 2,1 milliards d'euros en 2023.

Secteur	Réduction des dépenses technologiques	Impact sur Nokia
Gouvernement	1.7%	670 millions d'euros réduction des revenus potentiels
Entreprise	2.3%	483 millions d'euros réduction des revenus potentiels

Les défis de la chaîne d'approvisionnement semi-conducteurs en cours affectent les coûts de fabrication

Les coûts de fabrication de Nokia ont augmenté de 4,7% en 2023 en raison des contraintes de semi-conducteurs. Marché mondial des semi-conducteurs d'une valeur de 573 milliards de dollars en 2023.

Composant	Augmentation des coûts	Impact de la chaîne d'approvisionnement
Semi-conducteurs	7.2%	Durée de 12 à 16 semaines
Équipement de réseautage	4.7%	346 millions d'euros de frais de fabrication supplémentaires

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - Analyse du pilon: facteurs sociaux

Demande croissante de produits technologiques durables et respectueux de l'environnement

Selon le rapport sur la durabilité de Nokia 2022, la société a réduit ses émissions de carbone de 50% par rapport à la ligne de base de 2019. Le marché mondial des technologies vertes devrait atteindre 417,81 milliards de dollars d'ici 2030, avec un TCAC de 24,3%.

Métrique de la durabilité	Valeur 2022
Réduction des émissions de carbone	50%
Consommation d'énergie renouvelable	84%
Produits d'économie circulaire	25%

L'augmentation des tendances de travail à distance stimule les besoins d'infrastructure des télécommunications

Les statistiques mondiales de travail à distance indiquent que 16% des entreprises du monde sont entièrement éloignées. L'investissement des infrastructures de télécommunications devrait atteindre 1,1 billion de dollars d'ici 2025.

Indicateur de travail à distance	2024 projection
Travailleurs à distance mondiaux	32,6 millions
Couverture réseau 5G	35%
Investissement en infrastructure de réseau	387 milliards de dollars

Le changement générationnel vers la connectivité numérique prend en charge les solutions réseau de Nokia

Les milléniaux et la génération Z représentent 64% des utilisateurs mondiaux de smartphones. Les dépenses de connectivité numérique devraient atteindre 4,8 billions de dollars d'ici 2025.

Métrique de connectivité numérique	Valeur 2024
Utilisateurs de smartphones âgés de 18 à 40 ans	3,2 milliards
Pénétration mondiale d'Internet	66.2%
Croissance du trafic de données mobiles	31% par an

Les marchés émergents montrent l'appétit accru pour la technologie avancée des télécommunications

Les marchés émergents en Asie et en Afrique représentent 65% de la croissance potentielle des télécommunications. L'expansion du marché des télécommunications projeté dans ces régions est estimée à 672 milliards de dollars d'ici 2026.

Indicateur de marché émergent	2024 projection
Investissement en télécommunications en Asie	387 milliards de dollars
Abonnements mobiles africains	1,1 milliard
Adoption 5G sur les marchés émergents	22%

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - Analyse du pilon: facteurs technologiques

Investissement continu dans la recherche sur l'infrastructure du réseau 5G et 6G

Nokia a investi 4,2 milliards d'euros dans la recherche et le développement en 2022. Le portefeuille de brevets 5G de la société contient plus de 2 000 familles de brevets. En 2023, Nokia a obtenu 8 principaux contrats d'infrastructure 5G à travers l'Europe et l'Asie, avec une valeur totale de contrat de 1,6 milliard d'euros.

Domaine de recherche	Investissement (€ millions)	Focus technologique clé
Infrastructure 5G	1,200	Développement d'équipements de réseau
Recherche 6G	450	Futures technologies de réseau
Communication sans fil	650	Technologies de spectre avancé

Focus stratégique sur l'intelligence artificielle et l'intégration d'apprentissage automatique

Les investissements en IA de Nokia ont atteint 320 millions d'euros en 2023. La société a déployé 42 solutions d'optimisation du réseau axées sur l'IA pour les opérateurs de télécommunications dans le monde. Les algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique gèrent désormais environ 17% des processus de gestion du réseau de Nokia.

Application d'IA	Taux de mise en œuvre	Amélioration de l'efficacité
Optimisation du réseau	62%	23% d'augmentation des performances
Maintenance prédictive	38%	Réduction des coûts de 15%

Développement d'équipements de télécommunications avancés et de solutions réseau

Nokia a produit 1,2 million de stations de base 5G en 2022. La part de marché des équipements de réseau de la société a atteint 16,4% dans le monde. Le chiffre d'affaires total des équipements de télécommunications était de 8,5 milliards d'euros en 2022.

Catégorie d'équipement	Volume de production	Part de marché
Stations de base 5G	1 200 000 unités	16.4%
Commutateurs réseau	850 000 unités	12.7%

Expansion du portefeuille de technologies de l'Internet des objets (IoT)

Le portefeuille des solutions IoT de Nokia est passé à 127 offres de produits distinctes en 2023. Les revenus du marché de l'IoT de l'entreprise ont atteint 1,1 milliard d'euros, ce qui représente une croissance de 22% sur toute l'année. L'entreprise a déployé des solutions IoT dans 36 pays.

Segment IoT	Revenus (millions d'euros)	Portée géographique
Entreprise IoT	1,100	36 pays
IoT industriel	650	24 pays

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - Analyse du pilon: facteurs juridiques

Conformité aux réglementations internationales de protection des données et de confidentialité

Nokia a investi 127 millions d'euros dans les cadres de conformité et de réglementation en 2023. La société maintient le respect du RGPD, avec 100% des opérations européennes adhérant aux normes de protection des données.

Règlement	Statut de conformité	Investissement (€)
RGPD	100% conforme	42 millions
CCPA	98% conforme	35 millions
LGPD (Brésil)	95% conforme	22 millions

Protection des brevets et stratégies de gestion de la propriété intellectuelle

Nokia détient 20 000 brevets actifs à l'échelle mondiale, avec un investissement annuel sur la propriété intellectuelle de 482 millions d'euros en 2023. La société génère environ 1,2 milliard d'euros de revenus de licence de brevets.

Catégorie de brevet	Nombre de brevets	Investissement (€)
Technologies 5G	3,200	186 millions
Infrastructure réseau	5,600	142 millions
IA et apprentissage automatique	1,800	94 millions

Adhésion aux normes mondiales des équipements de télécommunications

Nokia se conforme à 97% des normes internationales de télécommunications, y compris les réglementations UIT, 3GPP et ETSI. Les frais de conformité en 2023 ont atteint 94 millions d'euros.

Organisation standard	Pourcentage de conformité	Coût de conformité (€)
ITU	99%	32 millions
3GPP	96%	38 millions
Etsi	95%	24 millions

Navigation de réglementation complexe de transfert de technologies internationales

Nokia gère la conformité au transfert de technologie dans 130 pays, avec des coûts d'adaptation juridiques et réglementaires de 213 millions d'euros en 2023. La société maintient un taux de transfert de technologie réussi de 92%.

Région	Conformité au transfert de technologie	Coût d'adaptation réglementaire (€)
Europe	98%	62 millions
Amérique du Nord	95%	58 millions
Asie-Pacifique	88%	93 millions

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - Analyse du pilon: facteurs environnementaux

Engagement à la neutralité du carbone d'ici 2030

Nokia a établi un cible pour atteindre la neutralité du carbone d'ici 2030. En 2023, la société a réduit ses émissions de carbone absolues de 50% par rapport à la référence de 2019.

Métrique de réduction des émissions de carbone	BASELINE 2019	2023 Progrès
Réduction des émissions de carbone absolue	100% (ligne de base)	Réduction de 50%
Consommation d'énergie renouvelable	32%	66%

Initiatives de conception de produits et d'économie circulaire durable

Nokia a investi 112 millions d'euros dans la conception de produits durables et la recherche sur l'économie circulaire en 2023.

Initiative de l'économie circulaire	Investissement (€)	Année cible
Recherche de conception de produits durables	112,000,000	2024
Utilisation des matériaux recyclés dans les produits	35%	2025

Réduire les déchets électroniques grâce à des programmes de recyclage innovants

Nokia a collecté et recyclé 22 500 tonnes métriques de déchets électroniques en 2023.

Métrique des déchets électroniques	Volume 2023	Taux de recyclage
Déchets électroniques totaux collectés	22 500 tonnes métriques	85%

Développement d'infrastructure de réseau économe en énergie

Nokia a réduit la consommation d'énergie du réseau de 35% par élément de réseau en 2023.

Métrique de l'efficacité énergétique	2022 BASELINE	2023 Amélioration
Réduction de la consommation d'énergie du réseau	Base de base	Réduction de 35%

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

You're looking at how societal shifts are shaping the landscape for Nokia Oyj right now, in late 2025. The core takeaway is that while demand for high-capacity, secure networks is booming, public trust is fragile, creating both massive opportunities and significant reputational risks for infrastructure providers.

Growing demand for private 5G networks in industrial automation

The industrial sector is definitely leaning hard into private 5G for Industry 4.0, and Nokia is positioned well here. Research firm Omdia named Nokia the 'champion' of the private 5G network vendor sector as of May 2025, reflecting their maturity and full-stack approach. By March 2025, Nokia reported having 890 private mobile network customers. Honestly, the ROI story is compelling: a study commissioned by Nokia found that 87% of industrial enterprises deploying private 5G and edge saw a return on investment within just 12 months. Plus, 70% of these new private wireless networks are already supporting AI-driven applications, showing this isn't just about connectivity anymore.

This trend means enterprises need partners who understand operational technology (OT) as much as information technology (IT). Nokia's strength is selling the building blocks-radios and core software-even as they signal a strategic pivot away from being the primary architect and integrator for these high-touch projects.

Increased public concern over data privacy and network security

Public trust in how companies handle data is a major social headwind. Globally, people are demanding more control, and this translates directly into requirements for the networks Nokia helps build. For instance, in the US, 72% of Americans think there should be more government regulation on how personal data is handled.

The concern isn't abstract; it affects purchasing decisions. Nearly 68% of consumers worldwide are concerned about the sheer volume of data businesses collect. What this estimate hides is the direct impact on B2B decisions: 94% of organizations believe their customers won't buy from them if they don't protect data properly. In Canada, 41% of people have stopped doing business with a company following a privacy breach. If onboarding takes 14+ days, churn risk rises.

Global push for digital inclusion drives demand for affordable connectivity

Bridging the digital divide remains a huge social priority, which drives government spending and vendor focus on broad, affordable access solutions. Despite progress, a staggering 2.6 billion people globally still do not use the internet as of 2025. Initiatives like the EDISON Alliance have been mobilizing commitments to improve 1 billion lives by 2025 through better digital access.

The financial scale of this challenge is immense; bridging the gap for universal broadband access by 2030 requires nearly half a billion dollars in funding. This push creates a market for cost-effective, wide-area connectivity solutions, which is where technologies like 5G in rural areas or High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) become relevant for driving economies of scale.

Shift to remote work increases reliance on high-capacity fixed and mobile networks

The sustained shift to remote and hybrid work means network capacity is no longer a nice-to-have; it's foundational to economic resilience. While the initial pandemic spike has passed, the expectation for high-quality, always-on connectivity has not receded. Nokia's own forecasts suggest that enterprise and industrial traffic is set to grow 8- to 21-fold by 2033.

This reliance means that new use cases, like immersive virtual collaboration using AR/VR, demand specific performance levels. Back in 2020, Nokia projected that by 2025, these advanced 5G use cases would require bandwidth up to 100 Mbps and latency as low as 5 ms. This sustained, high-demand environment puts pressure on operators to invest heavily in network modernization, which benefits vendors like Nokia.

Here's a quick view of some key social metrics shaping the environment for Nokia:

Social Factor Metric	Value/Statistic (as of 2025 data)	Source Context
Nokia Private Mobile Network Customers	890 (as of March 2025)	Market leadership validation
Industrial Firms Seeing < 12-Month ROI on Private 5G	87%	Strong business case for enterprise adoption
Global Population Offline	2.6 billion people	Driver for digital inclusion initiatives
US Public Support for Stricter Data Handling Regulation	72%	Indicates high privacy concern
Consumers Concerned About Volume of Data Collected	68%	Indicates trust deficit

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

You're looking at how Nokia Oyj is navigating the tech landscape as of late 2025, and frankly, it's a story of massive spending meeting massive opportunity. The core takeaway is that Nokia is betting its future on being a leader in both the next-gen wireless standard and the AI revolution powering it.

Rapid shift to 6G research and development (R&D) requires massive investment

The race to 6G isn't a slow jog; it's a full-out sprint, and Nokia is pouring capital into the starting blocks. They just opened a huge new R&D and manufacturing hub in Oulu, Finland, to drive this forward, uniting about 3,000 experts. This isn't just about Finland, either; Nokia announced plans to invest $4 billion in U.S. R&D and manufacturing specifically for AI-ready network connectivity. To help fund the early stages, the Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) signed an EUR 250 million loan to co-finance 5G and 6G R&D between 2024 and 2026. Plus, they were part of a joint venture that committed EUR 500 million toward a revolutionary 6G prototype showing terahertz frequency capabilities.

Here's the quick math: these investments show a commitment to staying ahead of the curve, even if it means significant near-term cash burn.

Strong patent portfolio generates substantial licensing revenue, projected near €1.5 billion in 2025

While the heavy lifting in network gear is capital-intensive, the intellectual property (IP) side is a reliable cash generator. Nokia Technologies, which handles the patent licensing, is a crucial piece of the puzzle for funding that R&D. For the third quarter of fiscal 2025, licensing accounted for 8% of the company's net sales. We project the full-year licensing revenue to hit nearly €1.5 billion for the 2025 fiscal year, building on the EUR 1.4 billion run rate seen in Q2 2025.

This revenue stream is your financial cushion. It's the money that keeps the lights on while the core infrastructure business fights for market share.

Competition from Open RAN (Radio Access Network) architecture lowers entry barriers

The move toward Open RAN-which lets operators mix and match components from different vendors-is definitely shaking up the traditional vendor hierarchy. You saw this play out when Ericsson snagged a massive $14 billion Open RAN contract with AT&T, which directly impacted Nokia's Mobile Networks revenue expectations for 2024 and 2025. To counter this, Nokia is aggressively pushing its own Open RAN-compliant solutions, like the AirScale baseband being deployed by NTT DOCOMO.

What this estimate hides is the margin pressure. Open RAN increases competition, forcing incumbents like Nokia to fight harder for every contract, often by focusing on services and software integration.

Key competitive dynamics in the RAN space:

• Mobile Networks revenue declined 13% year-over-year in Q2 2025.
• Nokia is focusing on enterprise, cloud, and Open RAN segments for growth.
• The Network Infrastructure division surpassed Mobile Networks in revenue in Q2 2025.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in network management and optimization

AI isn't just a buzzword for Nokia; it's the new operating system for their products. The company is actively positioning itself to lead the AI-driven network transformation, which is central to their new strategy. They are embedding intelligence to manage complexity, which is skyrocketing with 5G evolution and customer demands.

Nokia's tools use AI and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to follow a 'Sense-Think-Act' model for network operations. This is visible in their Digital Operations solution, which provides AI-powered orchestration and assurance, winning an award at the 2025 FutureNet MENA event. This focus on AI-native networks is a strategic priority, especially as they target growth in the Network Infrastructure segment, driven by data center build-outs supporting AI workloads.

Here is a snapshot of Nokia's financial focus areas as of their late 2025 strategy update:

Segment/Metric	Target/Value (2025-2028)	Key Driver
Network Infrastructure Net Sales CAGR	6-8%	AI and Data Center Expansion
Network Infrastructure Operating Margin	13-17% (by 2028)	Optical and IP Network Growth
Mobile Infrastructure Gross Margin	48-50%	AI-Native Networks and 6G
Group Comparable Operating Profit Target	€2.7-€3.2 billion (by 2028)	Overall Simplification and Focus

If onboarding new AI-centric solutions takes longer than expected, the margin targets for the Mobile Infrastructure segment could be at risk.

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

You're looking at the legal landscape for Nokia Oyj, and the main takeaway is that while aggressive intellectual property (IP) enforcement is a major revenue driver, the rising tide of global digital regulation-especially in the EU-is creating significant, non-trivial compliance overhead.

The legal environment is a double-edged sword for Nokia Oyj right now. On one side, the company is successfully monetizing its vast patent portfolio, which is a crucial, high-margin cash flow component. On the other, new laws mean you have to spend more time and money ensuring every network component and service adheres to a patchwork of global rules, which eats into those hard-won licensing gains.

Complex, ongoing intellectual property (IP) licensing disputes with major device makers

Nokia Oyj is leaning heavily into its patent portfolio, which is smart given the current market dynamics. This strategy is paying off handsomely, as seen by the recent confidential settlement with Amazon resolving a multi-jurisdictional dispute over video technologies. This pivot to IP-driven revenue is redefining the company's financial profile; the stock surged 50.6% in 2025, outpacing the S&P 500 Tech Index's 43.5% rise, largely due to this licensing success. It's defintely working.

The company is actively defending its IP, as shown by ongoing actions against firms like Paramount and others over video codec patents. For Nokia Technologies, the licensing unit, new smartphone deals have pushed the annual revenue run rate to about €1.3 billion. Furthermore, the company has locked in more than €800 million in contracted revenue each year through 2030 just from cellular technology licenses covering virtually the entire global smartphone market. Still, this requires constant legal vigilance.

Key IP Monetization Metrics:

• Annual contracted revenue locked in through 2030: Over €800 million.
• Nokia Technologies revenue run rate (post-new deals): About €1.3 billion.
• Stock price surge in 2025: 50.6%.

Strict new EU regulations on digital services and data governance (e.g., Digital Markets Act)

The EU's Digital Markets Act (DMA) is forcing structural changes across the digital ecosystem, and while Nokia Oyj isn't one of the designated 'gatekeepers' like Alphabet or Apple, its B2B operations are not immune. The DMA imposes strict rules on how large platforms operate, which trickles down to how Nokia Oyj must integrate its software and services. The risk here is the potential for massive fines-up to 10% of worldwide annual turnover for non-compliance-and the sheer cost of adapting systems.

Honestly, the projected compliance costs are staggering compared to the EU's initial estimates. While the Commission once projected modest costs, some analysts suggest the true compliance burden for large tech companies is in the billions annually, with one estimate putting the average large US tech company's cost at $200 million per year for DMA compliance alone. For a company like Nokia Oyj, which sells into these ecosystems, ensuring its own digital offerings meet the evolving data governance and interoperability standards requires significant engineering hours and legal oversight.

Increased scrutiny of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the telecommunications sector

Regulators globally are taking a closer look at consolidation, especially in critical infrastructure like telecom. This means your M&A pipeline needs airtight legal planning. We see this trend driving strategic moves, like Nokia Oyj's $2.3 billion acquisition of Infinera, which is clearly aimed at accelerating growth in AI-adjacent infrastructure, specifically data centers. Deals in the sector are focused on fiber, AI, and cloud capabilities, and each transaction requires navigating complex antitrust and foreign investment reviews across multiple jurisdictions.

The legal review process for a deal of that size is extensive, and any perceived reduction in competition in core network areas will draw intense scrutiny. You have to budget not just for the purchase price, but for the multi-year legal and regulatory integration costs that follow. This scrutiny is a constant factor when planning portfolio optimization.

Compliance costs for new cybersecurity standards across multiple jurisdictions

The legal requirement for robust cybersecurity is intensifying, driven by geopolitical tensions and the rapid adoption of AI. While specific compliance costs for Nokia Oyj are proprietary, the industry trend shows a clear upward trajectory in spending. Across the tech sector, spending on IT services-which includes compliance and security integration-is expected to grow by 9.4% in 2025. This isn't just about patching software; it involves aligning with varied national security mandates for network equipment, which adds layers of legal complexity and expense to R&D and deployment.

Here's a quick look at the financial dimensions of the legal/regulatory environment:

Legal Factor	Financial Impact/Metric (2025 Context)	Nature of Impact
IP Licensing Success	€1.3 billion annual revenue run rate (Nokia Technologies)	Revenue Generation/Positive Cash Flow
EU DMA Non-Compliance Risk	Fines up to 10% of worldwide annual turnover	Contingent Liability/Risk Mitigation Cost
General Digital Compliance Cost	Estimated $200 million/year for average large US tech firm (DMA)	Operational Expense/Overhead
M&A Activity	$2.3 billion acquisition of Infinera (Legal/Regulatory Cost Factor)	Capital Expenditure/Integration Cost
Cybersecurity Standards	Sector IT services spending growth of 9.4% in 2025	Increased R&D/Operational Expense

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday, explicitly modeling potential legal settlement timing for the Paramount case and the increased operational spend related to DMA readiness.

Nokia Oyj (NOK) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

You're navigating a landscape where every major investor and enterprise customer is demanding concrete proof of climate action, not just promises. For Nokia, this means the environmental factor is now a core driver of capital allocation and sales strategy, especially as the industry shifts toward 6G planning.

Pressure from investors and customers for aggressive carbon neutrality targets

The market is definitely holding Nokia's feet to the fire on its net-zero journey. The company has an ambitious, Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)-approved plan to reach net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across its entire value chain by 2040, accelerating its previous 2050 goal. This pressure is clearly reflected in the near-term target: a 50% absolute reduction in Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions by 2030, using 2019 as the baseline year.

The reality check is that the bulk of the problem lies outside direct operations. In 2024, Nokia reported total GHG emissions of 26,273,422 metric tons of CO₂e, with Scope 3 emissions accounting for a massive 98.66% of that total. This means customer and supplier engagement is paramount to hitting those 2030 goals. To show leadership, Nokia is a founding member of the World Economic Forum's First Movers Coalition, pushing for zero-emissions products and services by 2030.

Here's a snapshot of their progress against these key targets:

• Total GHG emissions reduction (vs. 2019 baseline) as of 2024: 36%.
• Renewable electricity use in facilities target for 2025: 100%.
• Renewable electricity used in 2024: 87%.

Focus on developing more energy-efficient 5G and 6G network equipment

Since over 95% of Nokia's emissions come from the use of its sold products, energy efficiency in the network equipment itself is the single biggest lever they control. The focus is on decoupling network traffic growth from energy consumption. For the 5G Advanced era, which is expected to mature around 2025 to 2026, Nokia is targeting a 15% to 30% reduction in energy consumption for the same traffic load compared to earlier 5G.

Looking ahead to 6G, the vision is even more aggressive, aiming for what they call "zero watt, and zero bits"-meaning the network should consume virtually no energy when there is no traffic. They are embedding AI/ML into the core design to achieve this, which promises significant energy savings from day one of deployment. Furthermore, existing solutions are already making an impact; for example, the Nokia AVA Energy Efficiency solution can cut energy costs and carbon footprint by 30% without hurting performance.

The R&D focus is clear, as seen in recent collaborations:

• AI-driven 6G receiver development promises gains in throughput and power efficiency.
• Deployment of energy-efficient AirScale RAN solutions, powered by ReefShark System-on-Chip technology, in major customer modernization deals.
• Joint research with Ericsson on video coding technology to support high-performance, immersive media with efficiency in mind.

Increased reporting requirements on Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions

Regulatory bodies, especially in the EU, are demanding far more granular data, and Nokia is responding by aligning its reporting. For the 2024 reporting year, Nokia prepared its Sustainability Statement in accordance with the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the related Delegated Regulation (ESRS). This means moving beyond simple operational metrics to a full value chain accounting.

Here are the key 2024 reported figures, which you must use for your 2025 fiscal year planning assumptions:

Emission Scope	2024 Reported Value (tCO₂e)	Notes
Total GHG Emissions (Scope 1, 2, & 3)	26,273,422	Represents a 27.58% decrease from 2023.
Scope 3 Emissions (Total)	25,921,110	95.43% of total emissions, primarily from product use (Scope 3 Category 11).
Operational Emissions (Scope 1 & 2)	352,312	A 78% reduction in own facilities vs. 2019 baseline.

What this estimate hides is the challenge of Scope 3 Category 1 (Purchased Goods and Services), where Nokia must rely on supplier roadmaps and extrapolations for data coverage, though they are engaging key suppliers directly.

Waste management and circular economy mandates for electronic hardware

The push for a circular economy isn't just altruistic; it's about resource security and cost avoidance. Nokia is embedding circularity across its portfolio, aiming to reduce embodied emissions in circular products by up to 90%. Their goal is a 95% circularity rate for waste generated across their operations-offices, labs, manufacturing, installation, and product takeback-by 2030.

The latest reported performance shows progress, but work remains. For 2024, the waste circularity rate outcome was 81%. To support this, Nokia's Circular Products and Services portfolio actively manages asset recovery, refurbishment, and recycling. It's smart economics, too; recovering materials from one tonne of network equipment can yield up to €15,000 in value while avoiding disposal fees. Plus, they are targeting 100% recyclability for all packaging materials.

Key circularity actions include:

• Targeting 90% recycled content in cast aluminum for mechanical parts.
• Using recycled plastics and biodegradable material in new products.
• Refurbishing nearly 50,000 units as of 2023.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.