Bunge Limited (BG): Análise de Pestle [Jan-2025 Atualizado]

No mundo dinâmico da agricultura global, a Bunge Limited está como um jogador fundamental que navega por um cenário complexo de desafios e oportunidades interconectadas. Esta análise abrangente de pestles revela os fatores externos multifacetados que moldam a trajetória estratégica da empresa, desde tensões geopolíticas e volatilidade econômica a inovações tecnológicas e imperativos ambientais. Ao dissecar as dimensões políticas, econômicas, sociológicas, tecnológicas, legais e ambientais, exploraremos como a Bunge limitou não apenas as pressões globais do mercado, mas também se posiciona como uma força transformadora no comércio agrícola sustentável.

Bunge Limited (BG) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Políticos

As tensões comerciais globais afetam as estratégias de exportação de commodities agrícolas

Em 2023, as tensões comerciais dos EUA-China resultaram em US $ 4,5 bilhões em interrupções comerciais de commodities agrícolas. A Bunge Limited experimentou uma redução de 12,3% nos volumes de exportação para a China em comparação com os anos anteriores.

Impacto comercial	Valor	Variação percentual
Interrupções da exportação agrícola	US $ 4,5 bilhões	-12.3%
Redução de exportação da China	US $ 620 milhões	-12.3%

Mudança de subsídios agrícolas e políticas comerciais

O projeto de lei agrícola dos EUA em 2023 alocou US $ 428 bilhões em subsídios agrícolas, impactando diretamente as estratégias operacionais da Bunge.

• Alocação de subsídio agrícola dos EUA: US $ 428 bilhões
• Ajustes tarifários que afetam as exportações de soja: 15,2%
• Modificações da política de exportação de milho: 8,7% de mudança

Riscos geopolíticos nas principais regiões de produção agrícola

O Brasil e a Argentina experimentaram volatilidade política significativa em 2023, com instabilidade econômica afetando a produção agrícola.

País	Índice de instabilidade política	Impacto da produção agrícola
Brasil	6.4/10	-9,2% Redução da produção
Argentina	7.1/10	-11,5% Redução da produção

Mudanças regulatórias na segurança alimentar e sustentabilidade agrícola

A União Europeia implementou novos regulamentos de sustentabilidade em 2023, exigindo relatórios abrangentes de pegadas de carbono para commodities agrícolas.

• Custo de conformidade da regulamentação da sustentabilidade da UE: 127 milhões de euros
• Requisitos de relatório de carbono: obrigatório para empresas com> 250 funcionários
• Investimentos de certificação de sustentabilidade: US $ 42,3 milhões

Bunge Limited (BG) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Econômicos

Preços voláteis de mercadorias que afetam as margens do produto agrícola

As margens de commodities agrícolas da Bunge Limited experimentaram volatilidade significativa em 2023. Os preços da soja variaram de US $ 12,50 a US $ 16,75 por bushel. Os futuros de trigo flutuaram entre US $ 6,25 e US $ 8,90 por bushel. Os preços do milho variaram de US $ 4,75 a US $ 6,60 por bushel.

Mercadoria	Preço mais baixo (2023)	Preço mais alto (2023)	Preço médio (2023)
Soja	US $ 12,50/bushel	$ 16,75/bushel	$ 14,62/bushel
Trigo	US $ 6,25/bushel	US $ 8,90/bushel	US $ 7,58/bushel
Milho	US $ 4,75/bushel	US $ 6,60/bushel	US $ 5,68/bushel

Flutuações de taxa de câmbio em operações de mercado emergentes

As operações emergentes de mercado da Bunge enfrentaram uma volatilidade de moeda significativa. O brasileiro real flutuou entre 4,85 e 5,35 para USD. O peso argentino variou de 270 a 350 a USD. O Yuan chinês variou entre 6,85 e 7,20 a USD.

Moeda	Taxa mais baixa (2023)	Taxa mais alta (2023)	Taxa média (2023)
Real brasileiro	4.85 BRL/USD	5.35 BRL/USD	5.10 BRL/USD
Peso argentino	270 Ars/USD	350 Ars/USD	310 Ars/USD
Yuan chinês	6.85 CNY/USD	7.20 CNY/USD	7.02 CNY/USD

Desaceleração econômica global potencialmente reduzindo a demanda agrícola

Os indicadores globais de demanda agrícola mostraram declínio modesto. O volume global de comércio agrícola diminuiu 3,2% em 2023. O crescimento mundial do PIB agrícola diminuiu para 1,7% em comparação com 2,9% do ano anterior.

Investimento em estratégias de eficiência e otimização de custos

A Bunge investiu US $ 287 milhões em iniciativas de eficiência operacional em 2023. As estratégias de otimização de custos resultaram em US $ 124 milhões em economia anual. A redução de despesas operacionais alcançou 6,3% ano a ano.

Foco crescente na agricultura sustentável e economia da cadeia de valor

Os investimentos em agricultura sustentável atingiram US $ 215 milhões em 2023. As iniciativas de redução de carbono economizaram aproximadamente 127.000 toneladas de emissões de CO2. Os investimentos em cadeia de suprimentos sustentáveis ​​totalizaram US $ 178 milhões.

Métrica de sustentabilidade	2023 Investimento	Impacto
Agricultura sustentável	US $ 215 milhões	Práticas agrícolas aprimoradas
Redução de carbono	US $ 92 milhões	127.000 toneladas de redução de CO2
Sustentabilidade da cadeia de suprimentos	US $ 178 milhões	Eficiência de cadeia de valor aprimorada

Bunge Limited (BG) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores sociais

Crescente demanda do consumidor por produtos alimentícios sustentáveis ​​e rastreáveis

De acordo com o índice de participação de mercado sustentável de 2023, 73% dos consumidores globais preferem produtos alimentícios de origem sustentável. A receita da Bunge Limited de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis ​​atingiu US $ 15,2 bilhões em 2023, representando 42% da receita total da empresa.

Ano	Receita sustentável de produtos	Porcentagem da receita total
2021	US $ 12,7 bilhões	36%
2022	US $ 14,3 bilhões	39%
2023	US $ 15,2 bilhões	42%

Mudança de preferências alimentares que afetam os mercados de commodities agrícolas

O mercado de proteínas à base de plantas cresceu 11,4% em 2023, atingindo US $ 29,4 bilhões globalmente. O segmento de ingredientes vegetais da Bunge Limited gerou US $ 3,8 bilhões em receita, um aumento de 17% em relação a 2022.

Segmento alimentar	Tamanho do mercado 2023	Taxa de crescimento
Proteínas à base de plantas	US $ 29,4 bilhões	11.4%
Ingredientes à base de plantas	US $ 3,8 bilhões	17%

Mudanças demográficas da força de trabalho nos setores agrícola e de processamento de alimentos

Idade média dos trabalhadores agrícolas na América do Norte: 57,5 ​​anos. A Bunge Limited investiu US $ 124 milhões em programas de treinamento e desenvolvimento da força de trabalho em 2023, visando o recrutamento demográfico mais jovem.

Aumentando a conscientização sobre a responsabilidade ambiental e social

O investimento da ESG atingiu US $ 40,5 trilhões globalmente em 2023. O escore de desempenho ESG da Bunge Limited melhorou de 67 para 73 em 2023, atraindo maior interesse institucional do investidor.

As expectativas crescentes do consumidor para práticas transparentes da cadeia de suprimentos

91% dos consumidores exigem transparência da cadeia de suprimentos. A Bunge Limited implementou a rastreabilidade do blockchain para 62% de sua cadeia de suprimentos de commodities agrícolas em 2023, cobrindo 47 países.

Métrica de rastreabilidade da cadeia de suprimentos	2022 Performance	2023 desempenho
Cobertura de blockchain	42%	62%
Países cobertos	34	47

Bunge Limited (BG) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores tecnológicos

Tecnologias de agricultura de precisão avançada para melhorar o gerenciamento de culturas

A Bunge Limited investiu US $ 42,3 milhões em tecnologias de agricultura de precisão em 2023. A Companhia implantou 3.750 sensores de IoT em 275.000 hectares de terras agrícolas. O equipamento agrícola de precisão habilitado para GPS aumentou a eficiência do rendimento das culturas em 17,6%.

Tipo de tecnologia	Investimento ($ m)	Área de cobertura (hectares)	Melhoria de eficiência (%)
Imagem por satélite	12.5	125,000	14.3
Monitoramento de drones	8.7	75,000	12.9
Redes de sensores de IoT	21.1	75,000	17.6

Transformação digital no rastreamento da cadeia de suprimentos e logística

Bunge implementou a US $ 67,5 milhões na transformação da cadeia de suprimentos digital. Os sistemas de rastreamento em tempo real cobrem 92% das operações de logística global. A integração da plataforma digital reduziu os custos de transporte em 22,4%.

Solução digital	Custo de implementação ($ M)	Cobertura (%)	Redução de custos (%)
Plataforma de logística baseada em nuvem	28.3	85	18.7
Sistemas de rastreamento em tempo real	39.2	92	22.4

Investimento em IA e aprendizado de máquina para previsão agrícola

A Bunge alocou US $ 35,6 milhões para as tecnologias de IA e aprendizado de máquina. Modelos preditivos atingem 84,3% de precisão na previsão do rendimento das culturas. Algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina Processo 2.7 Petabytes de dados agrícolas anualmente.

Implementação de blockchain para melhorar a rastreabilidade de alimentos

O investimento em tecnologia da blockchain atingiu US $ 22,9 milhões. A cobertura de rastreabilidade expandiu -se para 68% da cadeia de suprimentos global. O tempo de verificação da transação reduzido em 47%.

Automação e robótica em instalações de processamento agrícola

A Bunge investiu US $ 53,4 milhões em tecnologias de automação. Os sistemas de processamento robótico agora gerenciam 63% das operações de processamento agrícola. Automação aumentou a eficiência do processamento em 29,6%.

Tipo de automação	Investimento ($ m)	Cobertura de processamento (%)	Melhoria de eficiência (%)
Sistemas de classificação robótica	18.7	42	22.3
Embalagem automatizada	24.6	58	29.6
Controle de qualidade acionado por IA	10.1	35	18.9

Bunge Limited (BG) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Legais

Conformidade com os regulamentos de comércio agrícola internacionais

A Bunge Limited opera sob vários regulamentos comerciais internacionais com requisitos específicos de conformidade:

Regulamento	Detalhes da conformidade	Custo anual de conformidade
Acordo Agrícola da OMC	Total adesão aos padrões comerciais globais	US $ 12,4 milhões
Lei de Práticas Corruptas Estrangeiras dos EUA	Protocolos abrangentes anticorrupção	US $ 8,7 milhões
Regulamentos de importação agrícola da UE	Requisitos rígidos de qualidade e documentação	US $ 15,2 milhões

Requisitos de relatório ambiental e de sustentabilidade

Bunge está em conformidade com extensas estruturas de relatórios ambientais:

Padrão de relatório	Nível de conformidade	Despesas com relatórios anuais
Iniciativa de Relatório Global (GRI)	Conformidade total	US $ 3,6 milhões
Conselho de Padrões de Contabilidade de Sustentabilidade	Relatórios abrangentes	US $ 2,9 milhões

Padrões internacionais de segurança alimentar e controle de qualidade

Métricas principais de conformidade com segurança alimentar:

• Cobertura de certificação ISO 22000: 98% das operações globais
• Conformidade do HACCP: 100% das instalações de processamento
• Investimento anual de controle de qualidade: US $ 47,3 milhões

Proteção à propriedade intelectual

A estratégia de proteção de propriedade intelectual da Bunge inclui:

Categoria IP	Número de patentes	Despesas anuais de proteção IP
Tecnologia Agrícola	37 patentes ativas	US $ 5,8 milhões
Processando inovações	22 patentes ativas	US $ 4,2 milhões

Regulamentos multinacionais de trabalho e emprego

Estatísticas globais de conformidade do trabalho:

• Países de operação: 40
• Força de trabalho total: 23.000 funcionários
• Investimento anual de conformidade legal: US $ 19,6 milhões
• Taxa de conformidade da regulamentação trabalhista: 99,7%

Bunge Limited (BG) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Ambientais

Compromisso em reduzir a pegada de carbono em operações agrícolas

A Bunge Limited tem como objetivo reduzir as emissões de gases do escopo 1 e do escopo 2 em 30% até 2030, com um ano de linha de base de 2019. A empresa registrou 3,3 milhões de toneladas de emissões equivalentes a CO2 em 2022.

Categoria de emissão	2022 emissões (toneladas métricas)	Alvo de redução
Escopo 1 emissões	2,1 milhões	Redução de 30% até 2030
Escopo 2 emissões	1,2 milhão	Redução de 30% até 2030

Estratégias de adaptação para mudanças climáticas para produção agrícola

A Bunge investiu US $ 45 milhões em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de culturas resilientes ao clima em 2022. A empresa se concentra no desenvolvimento de variedades de culturas resistentes à seca e tolerantes ao calor.

Tipo de colheita	Investimento de adaptação climática	Melhoria esperada do rendimento
Soja	US $ 18,5 milhões	Aumento de 12% na resistência à seca
Milho	US $ 15,2 milhões	Aumento de 10% na tolerância ao calor

Práticas agrícolas sustentáveis ​​e iniciativas regenerativas de agricultura

A Bunge se comprometeu a apoiar 1 milhão de hectares de agricultura regenerativa até 2030. Em 2022, a empresa trabalhou com 250.000 hectares sob práticas regenerativas.

Prática regenerativa	Hectares implementados	Potencial de seqüestro de carbono
Agricultura no plantio direto	150,000	0,5 toneladas CO2/hectare/ano
Captura de cobertura	100,000	0,3 toneladas CO2/hectare/ano

Programas de conservação de água e gerenciamento de recursos

A Bunge implementou programas de eficiência da água em suas operações, visando uma redução de 20% no uso de água até 2030. Em 2022, a empresa reduziu o consumo de água em 8% em comparação com a linha de base de 2019.

Instalação	Consumo de água 2022	Alvo de redução de água
Plantas de processamento	12,5 milhões de metros cúbicos	Redução de 20% até 2030
Instalações agrícolas	7,3 milhões de metros cúbicos	Redução de 20% até 2030

Preservação da biodiversidade em ecossistemas agrícolas

A Bunge alocou US $ 25 milhões para os esforços de conservação da biodiversidade em 2022, com foco na proteção de habitats naturais em regiões agrícolas.

Área de conservação	Investimento	Hectares protegidos
Zonas de tampão da floresta amazônica	US $ 12,5 milhões	50.000 hectares
Proteção do ecossistema do Cerrado	US $ 8,5 milhões	35.000 hectares

Bunge Limited (BG) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

Increasing consumer demand for fully traceable and sustainably sourced food ingredients.

You are seeing a fundamental shift in consumer behavior, moving past just price to demand verifiable proof of ethical sourcing and environmental responsibility. This isn't a niche trend anymore; it's a core market expectation. Around two-thirds of consumers now factor in environmental or sustainability concerns when they decide what to buy. This push for transparency is driving a massive investment wave in supply chain technology.

The global food traceability market, which includes the systems Bunge Limited uses to track its commodities, is projected to grow significantly, reaching $38.5 billion in the next four years, up from $23.8 billion in 2024. For a company like Bunge, which is a global leader in oilseed processing, this means their sustainability commitments are now a competitive advantage, not just a compliance cost. They've already hit a major milestone toward their 2025 zero-deforestation goal by achieving 100% traceability and monitoring of their direct and indirect soy purchases in the priority regions of the Brazilian Cerrado. That's a huge operational win that builds trust with major food manufacturers.

Focus on food security and supply chain resilience following global disruptions.

The lessons from the last few years-geopolitical conflicts, extreme weather, and the lingering effects of the pandemic-have made supply chain resilience a top-tier social and strategic priority. Consumers and governments alike are focused on food security, which translates to a need for diversified, agile sourcing. Global food supply chain leaders are now prioritizing operational resilience, meaning they are actively diversifying supplier bases and strengthening logistics infrastructure.

Bunge's global footprint, spanning over 50 countries, is a structural advantage here. It helps mitigate regional risks; for example, strong South American agribusiness operations can offset issues caused by U.S. Midwest droughts. Still, the geopolitical upheaval is keeping cost structures inflated, especially for shipping and agricultural inputs. This focus on resilience is why you see companies investing heavily in strategies to reduce risk from volatile commodity prices. It's a pragmatic, defensive move that stabilizes the food system for everyone.

Labor shortages and wage inflation challenge operations in key processing facilities.

The agricultural and food processing sectors are facing a severe labor crunch, which directly impacts Bunge's operating costs and capacity. The U.S. agricultural industry alone is projected to need approximately 2.4 million more farmworkers in 2025. This shortage, combined with broader inflationary pressures, is driving labor costs to record highs.

Here's the quick math: labor expenses across the entire agricultural industry are forecast to exceed $53 billion in 2025, a nearly 50% surge since 2020. For farmers who supply Bunge, this pressure is intense. Small farms, for instance, are grappling with annual labor cost increases of around 30%. Even the Adverse Effect Wage Rates (AEWR) for H-2A visa holders, a key labor source, are rising, with regional averages increasing by 4.5% in 2025. This wage inflation compresses margins for Bunge's suppliers and ultimately increases the cost of raw materials for its processing facilities.

US Agricultural Labor Cost & Shortage (2025 Forecast)	Amount/Metric
Total Projected Labor Expenses	Over $53 billion
Projected Farmworker Shortage	Approx. 2.4 million workers
Small Farm Annual Wage Increase (Approx.)	30%
Average 2025 AEWR Increase (Regional)	4.5%

Growing preference for plant-based oils and proteins in developed markets.

The consumer shift toward healthier, more sustainable diets is a massive tailwind for Bunge's ingredients business. The global plant-based food market is on track to reach $77.9 billion in 2025, and the overall demand for plant-based proteins, sustainable oils, and biofuels is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% through 2030. This isn't just a food trend; it's a structural change in the global diet.

Bunge is defintely leaning into this opportunity. They have invested approximately $550 million to build a new, fully integrated soy protein concentrate (SPC) and textured soy protein concentrate (TSPC) facility in Morristown, Indiana. This facility, which is expected to be commissioned in mid-2025, will process an additional 4.5 million bushels of soybeans once it hits full capacity. This move positions Bunge to capture higher-margin, value-added business in the alternative meat and dairy industries.

Key actions Bunge is taking to capitalize on this trend:

• Investing $550 million in a new US soy protein facility, commissioned in mid-2025.
• Targeting an additional 4.5 million bushels of soybeans processed for plant protein.
• Expanding its Creative Solutions Center with a $10 million investment to enhance plant protein technical capabilities.

Bunge Limited (BG) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

Investment in precision agriculture and AI to optimize crop sourcing and yields.

Bunge Limited is strategically deploying capital into AgTech (Agricultural Technology) to enhance raw material sourcing, which is critical given the company's projected $1.5 to $1.7 billion in capital expenditures for 2025. This investment is focused on growth and productivity projects, including the integration of digital tools.

You can see this focus in the company's partnership with Microsoft, leveraging their cloud and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities. This allows Bunge to analyze vast amounts of data for better crop management, yield forecasting, and market trend analysis. Using precision agriculture techniques, like variable-rate application of fertilizers and targeted irrigation, helps reduce waste and increase crop yields, which is a necessary move as the industry seeks a potential 25% increase in agricultural output over the next decade through technology.

This is a smart, defensive move. Optimizing crop sourcing with AI helps Bunge secure better quality and more predictable supply, a crucial advantage when commodity markets are volatile.

Digitalization of the supply chain reduces transaction costs and improves transparency.

The core of Bunge's 2025 technological strategy is the integration of the Viterra Limited (Viterra) acquisition, which closed in July 2025. This merger is expected to yield significant 'logistical and transportation efficiencies' by streamlining processing networks and optimizing supply chains for durable cost savings.

Digitalization efforts are aimed at reducing the highly manual and costly post-trade execution processes in global agricultural shipping. While specific transaction cost reductions are not publicly quantified, the goal is clear: shorter document-processing times and better end-to-end contracting visibility. Furthermore, technology is the backbone of Bunge's commitment to a deforestation-free supply chain in 2025, which requires advanced traceability and transparency systems.

This digital integration is not free; it's part of the Corporate and Other activities that include unallocated acquisition and integration costs related to the Viterra deal. Here's a quick look at the scale of their planned technological and structural investments:

2025 Financial Metric (Combined Company)	Value/Range	Context
Projected Capital Expenditures (CapEx)	$1.5 to $1.7 billion	Funding for growth, productivity, and new facility construction.
Projected Depreciation and Amortization	Approximately $490 million	Reflects the cost of existing and new physical/intangible assets (including technology).
Adjusted Full-Year EPS Outlook	$7.30 to $7.60	The target that must be supported by synergy realization from technology and integration.

Advanced oilseed crushing and refining technologies improve product yield and quality.

Bunge is making tangible, large-scale investments in its processing infrastructure to boost both yield and product quality. The projected $1.5 to $1.7 billion in 2025 CapEx directly funds these physical technology upgrades.

Key projects coming online or under construction in 2025 include:

• The new soy protein concentrate (SPC) plant in Morristown, Indiana, which will be the largest single-line food SPC plant in the world.
• A new crush plant at the Destrehan, Louisiana port complex, designed to process both soy and softseeds for domestic and export markets.

In refining, Bunge utilizes Enzymatic Interesterification (EIE), a patented process that uses enzymes to create specialty fats and oils. This advanced technology is highly efficient, helping to save energy, reduce waste, and, critically, avoid trans fats, which is a major quality differentiator for food customers. The company's focus on efficiency and continuous improvement already resulted in the industrial operations team setting more than 150 production records in 2024. That's a clear indicator of the efficiency gains from their Bunge Production System.

Cybersecurity risks increase due to reliance on complex, integrated global trading platforms.

The sheer scale and global integration of Bunge's operations, especially post-Viterra merger, significantly heighten its exposure to cybersecurity threats. The company relies on complex, interconnected Information Technology (IT) systems for everything from procurement and inventory management to transaction processing and financial data.

The 2024 10-K filing (released early 2025) explicitly names 'more sophisticated and targeted cybersecurity attacks' as a potentially significant risk to the security and integrity of their data. The risk is amplified by geopolitical conflicts that can drive state-sponsored attacks. To manage this, Bunge bases its information security process on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, a well-regarded industry standard.

The company is not ignoring the threat; they conduct cybersecurity incident simulation exercises involving senior management and invest in broad employee training. Still, the integration of Viterra's systems creates a defintely larger attack surface in the near term. You need to be aware that while they have insurance coverage, it 'may be insufficient to cover all losses.'

Bunge Limited (BG) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

The Viterra Merger and Global Anti-Trust Scrutiny

You need to understand that Bunge Limited's acquisition of Viterra Limited, while strategically transformative, created a significant legal and regulatory hurdle in 2025. The core transaction value-the stock and cash component paid to Viterra shareholders-was approximately $8.2 billion, but the total enterprise value of the combined entity, including Viterra's debt, was closer to $34 billion. That kind of scale defintely attracts the attention of competition watchdogs globally.

Regulators in key markets were concerned about the concentration of market power in the global grain and oilseed trading sector. This scrutiny required Bunge to make significant concessions to secure approval, which was largely completed by July 2025.

Regulatory Body	Key Anti-Trust Concern	Required Legal Concession (2025)
Canada Competition Bureau	Loss of rivalry in grain purchasing and canola oil sales.	Divestiture of 6 grain elevators in Western Canada; $520 million investment commitment in Canada; canola oil price protection program.
China State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR)	Market dominance in the world's largest commodity import market.	Approval granted in June 2025, clearing the final major regulatory hurdle for the transaction.
European Commission (EU)	Impact on European grain and oilseed processing markets.	Approval granted following an offer of concessions by the companies.

Compliance with the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)

The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) is a massive operational challenge, not just an environmental one. It forces Bunge to prove that its products-soy, palm oil, and derived products-did not originate from land deforested after the December 31, 2020, cut-off date. This means every shipment into the EU requires a rigorous due diligence statement.

Bunge's own corporate commitment to be deforestation-free by the end of 2025, with a self-imposed cut-off date of December 31, 2024, is still out of step with the EU's stricter 2020 rule. What this estimate hides is the immense cost of 100% traceability for indirect suppliers. Still, Bunge has achieved over 95% deforestation and conversion-free soy in its priority regions of South America, which shows progress.

• EUDR Cut-off Date: December 31, 2020.
• Bunge's Internal Cut-off Date: December 31, 2024.
• Operational Compliance: Requires full traceability and geo-location for all sourced commodities to avoid fines and market exclusion.

International Trade Agreements and Tariff Structures

The legal landscape of international trade is constantly shifting, which directly impacts Bunge's financial performance. Specifically, the 2025 political environment has led to new tariff risks. For instance, the re-introduction of tariffs by the Trump administration includes increased duties on key agricultural imports from countries like China, Canada, and Mexico, with rates ranging from 10% to 30% depending on the commodity.

Here's the quick math: initial estimates suggest these trade barriers could lead to a potential reduction in Bunge's annual net income by 15% to 20%. The company's global footprint helps, but it doesn't eliminate the risk. That's why Bunge's Tariff Resilience Score, as measured in November 2025, is only 4/10, indicating an 'Average Resilient' position. The company is still forecasting a full-year 2025 adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of approximately $7.75, but tariffs are a clear headwind.

Strict Labor Laws and Environmental Permitting in South American Operations

Operating in South America, particularly in Brazil and Argentina, means navigating a complex web of national and sub-national laws concerning labor and environmental permits. Bunge is a major player in the region, so compliance risk is magnified.

The legal obligations are clear and non-negotiable. For labor, Bunge's policy requires suppliers to provide written contracts, monitor working hours and overtime as per local law, and ensure fair remuneration. They also actively check for forced or compulsory labor using public lists from the Brazilian Special Secretariat for Social Security and Labor. For environmental permitting, Bunge must strictly adhere to regulations like Argentina's Law on Environmental Protection of Native Forests (Law 26,331), which dictates land use guidelines in the Gran Chaco region. Bunge has achieved 100% traceability for its direct-to-farm soy purchases in priority areas of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, which is a key legal and operational defense against non-compliance claims.

Bunge Limited (BG) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

Climate change-driven weather events (droughts, floods) threaten crop yields and stability.

You can't run a global agribusiness without constantly managing climate risk, and Bunge Limited's exposure to volatile weather is a clear and present danger to its supply chain stability. Honestly, the volatility is increasing.

For the 2024-2025 crop year, we saw this play out defintely in South America. While Brazil's national soybean yield was strong, up about 10% from the previous season, regional drought hit hard. For example, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, dry and hot weather in early 2025 slashed yields to only 37 bushels per acre, a stark contrast to the national average of 52 bushels per acre.

This regional instability directly hits the bottom line. Bunge's fourth-quarter 2024 results, reported in February 2025, reflected this pressure, with Agribusiness reporting lower Processing results, partially due to the challenges in South America. The company is actively working to diversify its sourcing and promote climate-smart solutions like regenerative agriculture to mitigate these macro risks.

Pressure to reduce Scope 3 emissions, particularly from land use change and deforestation.

The biggest environmental challenge for any major grain processor is Scope 3 emissions-the indirect emissions from your value chain, like those from farming and land-use change. Bunge has set Science-Based Targets (SBTs) to address this, recognizing that customers and regulators are demanding a lower-carbon product.

The core target is an absolute reduction of Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 12% by 2030 from a 2020 baseline. Here's the quick math: the company reported a reduction of 10.6% in Scope 3 emissions from its value chains in 2023, showing solid progress toward the 2030 goal. The commitment to eliminate deforestation is a substantial driver for this reduction, as land use change is a major source of agricultural emissions.

The market is now rewarding low-carbon solutions.

GHG Emissions Target (2020 Baseline)	Target Reduction by 2030	2023 Progress
Scope 1 & 2 Emissions (Direct Operations)	25% Absolute Reduction	~15.8% Reduction (Combined Scope 1 & 2)
Scope 3 Emissions (Value Chain)	12% Absolute Reduction	10.6% Reduction

Water scarcity in processing regions necessitates significant investment in conservation technology.

Water is a critical input for both crop cultivation and Bunge's processing facilities, so managing scarcity is a strategic priority, especially in high-stress areas. The company has clear, measurable goals to manage this risk.

Bunge has a goal to reduce water consumption intensity by 10% per ton of production and a more aggressive target of 25% reduction in withdrawal intensity specifically for facilities located in high-water stress areas, both by 2026. This isn't just a policy; it requires real capital expenditure in new technologies and process improvements.

To give you a sense of scale, the company's total fresh surface water withdrawal in 2022 was over 11.5 million cubic meters, plus another 10.7 million cubic meters from groundwater sources. Managing this volume requires continuous investment in closed-loop systems and efficiency upgrades, which is why Bunge is executing an enhanced water strategy starting in 2023.

Bunge aims to achieve net-zero deforestation across its supply chains by 2025.

This is Bunge's industry-leading commitment and a major point of focus for the 2025 fiscal year. The goal is to achieve deforestation-free global supply chains by the end of 2025, covering both direct and indirect sourcing of key commodities like soy and palm oil.

The company is on track, having achieved a major milestone in late 2024: 100% traceability and monitoring of its direct and indirect soy purchases in the priority regions of the Cerrado biome in Brazil. This was done using a combination of satellite technology, remote sensing, and AI to monitor over 36,000 farms in South America.

The current progress shows how close they are to the 2025 target:

• Achieved 100% traceability for direct and indirect soy in the Brazilian Cerrado's priority regions (October 2024).
• 97% of soy volumes in priority regions of South America are deforestation and conversion free.
• Over 12.6 million hectares of native vegetation are preserved on monitored farms.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.