Grupo Rio Tinto (Rio): Modelo de Negócios Canvas [Jan-2025 Atualizado]

O Rio Tinto Group, uma potência global de mineração, transforma a Terra crua em recursos críticos que alimentam a civilização moderna. Ao navegar estrategicamente paisagens geológicas complexas e fronteiras tecnológicas, esta corporação multinacional oferece minerais essenciais a indústrias que variam da fabricação de aço a energia renovável. Seu sofisticado modelo de negócios Canvas revela uma abordagem meticulosamente criada que equilibra inovação tecnológica, práticas sustentáveis ​​e parcerias globais estratégicas, posicionando o Rio Tinto como um participante fundamental no ecossistema de extração de recursos globais.

Rio Tinto Group (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Principais Parcerias

Alianças estratégicas com fabricantes de equipamentos de mineração

O Rio Tinto colabora com os principais fabricantes de equipamentos para melhorar a eficiência operacional:

Parceiro	Tipo de equipamento	Valor de investimento
Lagarta	Caminhões de transporte autônomo	US $ 295 milhões (2023)
Komatsu	Equipamento de mineração automatizado	US $ 214 milhões (2023)

Joint ventures com governos locais

As parcerias regionais estratégicas da Rio Tinto incluem:

• Joint venture com o governo da Mongólia em Oyu Tolgoi Copper-Gold Mine
• Parceria com o governo australiano em operações de minério de ferro Pilbara
• Colaboração com as províncias canadenses em alumínio e extração mineral

Parceiros de tecnologia para inovação de mineração

Investimentos de colaboração de tecnologia:

Parceiro	Foco em tecnologia	Investimento anual de P&D
IBM	AI e aprendizado de máquina	US $ 87 milhões (2023)
Microsoft	Computação em nuvem	US $ 62 milhões (2023)

Instituições de Sustentabilidade e Pesquisa Ambiental

Detalhes da parceria ambiental:

• Parceria com o CSIRO (Austrália) para tecnologias de redução de carbono
• Colaboração com o MIT para pesquisa de mineração sustentável
• Pesquisa conjunta com o World Resources Institute

Companhias de logística e navegação globais

Parcerias de remessa e logística:

Parceiro	Tipo de serviço	Valor anual do contrato
Maersk	Logística de remessa global	US $ 412 milhões (2023)
Vale frete	Transporte de carga a granel	US $ 276 milhões (2023)

Rio Tinto Group (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Atividades -chave

Exploração e extração de minerais

O Rio Tinto opera em 35 países com 16 grandes ativos de mineração. Em 2023, o gasto total de exploração mineral da empresa foi de US $ 438 milhões. As principais regiões de exploração incluem:

Região	Despesa de exploração	Minerais primários
Austrália	US $ 247 milhões	Minério de ferro, cobre, ouro
América do Norte	US $ 112 milhões	Cobre, molibdênio
África	US $ 79 milhões	Diamantes, alumínio

Operações de mineração em vários continentes

O Rio Tinto gerencia 16 grandes operações de mineração globalmente com uma força de trabalho de 49.700 funcionários a partir de 2023.

• Produção de minério de ferro: 325 milhões de toneladas anualmente
• Produção de alumínio: 3,3 milhões de toneladas anualmente
• Produção de cobre: ​​453.900 toneladas anualmente
• Produção de dióxido de titânio: 700.000 toneladas anualmente

Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia de Mineração Sustentável

A Rio Tinto investiu US $ 1,2 bilhão em iniciativas tecnológicas de inovação e sustentabilidade em 2023. Os principais investimentos tecnológicos incluem:

Tecnologia	Investimento	Redução esperada de CO2
Caminhões de transporte autônomo	US $ 387 milhões	20% de redução do consumo de diesel
Infraestrutura de energia renovável	US $ 524 milhões	Redução de emissões de carbono de 35%

Processamento e refino de recursos

O Rio Tinto opera 24 instalações de processamento e refino em 8 países. Detalhes da capacidade de processamento:

• Processamento de minério de ferro: 360 milhões de toneladas por ano
• Refino de alumínio: 3,5 milhões de toneladas por ano
• Processamento de concentrado de cobre: ​​500.000 toneladas por ano

Comércio e distribuição minerais globais

Operações comerciais globais da Rio Tinto em 2023:

Mineral	Volume comercial anual	Mercados de exportação primária
Minério de ferro	325 milhões de toneladas	China, Japão, Coréia do Sul
Alumínio	3,3 milhões de toneladas	Estados Unidos, Alemanha, China
Cobre	453.900 toneladas	China, Japão, Coréia do Sul

Grupo Rio Tinto (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Recursos -Principais

Extensos direitos de exploração mineral e propriedades terrestres

O Rio Tinto detém os direitos de exploração mineral em vários continentes, com propriedades específicas de terra a partir de 2024:

Região	Área terrestre total (hectares)	Permissões de exploração
Austrália	3,752,000	127
Canadá	1,824,500	89
Mongólia	1,658,200	43

Equipamentos e tecnologia avançados de mineração

Os investimentos tecnológicos da Rio Tinto incluem:

• Caminhões de transporte autônomo: 229 unidades
• Sistemas de perfuração automatizados: 78 unidades
• Centros de operações remotas: 3 locais globais

Força de trabalho qualificada com especialização geológica especializada

Composição da força de trabalho em 2024:

Categoria de funcionários	Número total	Geólogos especializados
Total de funcionários	49,700	1,837

Capital financeiro forte

Recursos Financeiros a partir de 2024:

• Total de ativos: US $ 119,4 bilhões
• Investimentos em dinheiro e líquidos: US $ 8,2 bilhões
• Despesas de capital anual: US $ 6,7 bilhões

Portfólio de recursos minerais diversificados

Mineral	Produção anual	Participação de mercado global
Minério de ferro	327 milhões de toneladas	16%
Alumínio	3,1 milhões de toneladas	7%
Cobre	522.000 toneladas	4%

Grupo Rio Tinto (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Proposições de Valor

Minerais e metais de alta qualidade, de origem sustentável

O Rio Tinto produziu 327 milhões de toneladas de minério de ferro em 2022. A produção de cobre atingiu 457.800 toneladas no mesmo ano. A produção de alumínio foi de 3,9 milhões de toneladas em 2022.

Mineral/metal	Volume de produção (2022)	Mercados -chave
Minério de ferro	327 milhões de toneladas	China, Japão, Coréia do Sul
Cobre	457.800 toneladas	Mercados industriais globais
Alumínio	3,9 milhões de toneladas	Automotivo, embalagem, construção

Compromisso com a responsabilidade ambiental e social

A Rio Tinto investiu US $ 1,1 bilhão em estratégias de mitigação de mudanças climáticas em 2022. Medição de redução de emissões de carbono: 50% até 2030.

• Investimentos de energia renovável: US $ 350 milhões
• Programas de desenvolvimento comunitário: US $ 180 milhões
• Iniciativas de engajamento indígenas: US $ 75 milhões

Cadeia de suprimentos global confiável para materiais industriais críticos

O Rio Tinto opera em 35 países com 16 principais operações de mineração. A eficiência da cadeia de suprimentos classificou a confiabilidade de 92% em 2022.

Região	Número de operações	Recursos -chave
Austrália	8	Minério de ferro, alumínio, cobre
América do Norte	4	Cobre, molibdênio
África	3	Diamantes, minerais

Inovação tecnológica na eficiência de mineração

Investimento de P&D de US $ 420 milhões em 2022. Implementaram 37 tecnologias de mineração autônomas em todas as operações.

• Caminhões de transporte autônomo: 23% da frota
• Tecnologias de exploração orientadas a IA
• Plataformas avançadas de análise de dados

Desenvolvimento de recursos estratégicos de longo prazo

Despesas totais de capital de US $ 6,7 bilhões em 2022 para desenvolvimento futuro de recursos. Pipeline de projetos estratégicos avaliado em US $ 12,3 bilhões.

Categoria de projeto	Investimento	Conclusão esperada
Expansão de cobre	US $ 3,4 bilhões	2025-2027
Infraestrutura de minério de ferro	US $ 2,1 bilhões	2024
Integração de energia renovável	US $ 1,2 bilhão	2026

Rio Tinto Group (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Relacionamentos do Cliente

Contratos de longo prazo com fabricantes industriais

O Rio Tinto mantém acordos estratégicos de fornecimento de longo prazo com clientes industriais importantes em vários setores:

Segmento de clientes	Duração do contrato	Volume anual
Fabricação de aço	10-15 anos	45,2 milhões de toneladas de minério de ferro
Indústria de alumínio	7-12 anos	3,1 milhões de toneladas de bauxita

Gerenciamento de conta dedicado para os principais clientes

O Rio Tinto emprega estratégias especializadas de gerenciamento de contas:

• Gerentes de relacionamento dedicados para os 50 principais clientes globais
• Soluções personalizadas da cadeia de suprimentos
• Receita anual dos 10 principais clientes: US $ 22,3 bilhões

Relatórios de sustentabilidade transparentes

Métricas de comunicação de sustentabilidade da Rio Tinto:

• Relatório Anual de Sustentabilidade Publicado desde 2008
• Cobertura de relatório de emissões de carbono: 100%
• Eventos de engajamento das partes interessadas: 47 fóruns globais em 2023

Plataformas digitais para comunicação do cliente

Plataforma digital	Base de usuários	Interações anuais
Portal do cliente	328 clientes industriais registrados	1,2 milhão de interações digitais
Sistema de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos	256 fornecedores globais	845.000 transações

Engajamento regular com partes interessadas e comunidades

Métricas de engajamento das partes interessadas:

• Investimento comunitário: US $ 124,5 milhões em 2023
• Parcerias comunitárias indígenas: 22 acordos ativos
• Taxa de emprego local em regiões operacionais: 68%

Rio Tinto Group (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Canais

Equipes de vendas diretas

A Rio Tinto emprega 49.700 funcionários globalmente a partir de 2023, com equipes de vendas dedicadas em várias regiões, incluindo Austrália, Reino Unido, Estados Unidos e China.

Região	Tamanho da equipe de vendas	Foco principal do produto
Austrália	18.500 funcionários	Minério de ferro, alumínio
Reino Unido	4.200 funcionários	Vendas corporativas, parcerias estratégicas
Estados Unidos	3.900 funcionários	Cobre, minerais

Plataformas de negociação on -line

O Rio Tinto utiliza plataformas digitais para negociação de commodities e envolvimento do cliente.

• A plataforma digital da Rio Tinto lida com aproximadamente US $ 43,7 bilhões em transações anuais de commodities
• A plataforma on -line abrange 87% das vendas minerais globais
• O volume de transações digitais aumentou 22% de 2022 para 2023

Conferências e exposições do setor

O Rio Tinto participa de 42 grandes conferências internacionais de mineração e metais anualmente.

Tipo de conferência	Participação anual	Negócios estimados gerados
Conferências globais de mineração	18 conferências	US $ 2,1 bilhões em potencial acordos
Exposições de negociação de metais	24 exposições	US $ 1,6 bilhão em potencial contratos

Marketing digital e comunicações corporativas

O Rio Tinto mantém estratégias robustas de comunicação digital.

• Seguidores do LinkedIn: 245.000
• Seguidores do Twitter: 95.000
• Orçamento anual de marketing digital: US $ 37,5 milhões
• Tráfego do site: 1,2 milhão de visitantes únicos por mês

Redes de parceria estratégica

O Rio Tinto mantém parcerias estratégicas em vários setores.

Tipo de parceria	Número de parceiros	Valor anual de colaboração
Empresas de tecnologia de mineração	28 parcerias	US $ 512 milhões
Instituições de pesquisa	16 colaborações	US $ 87 milhões
Parceiros de Desenvolvimento Sustentável	12 parcerias	US $ 214 milhões

Rio Tinto Group (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Segmentos de Clientes

Indústrias de fabricação de aço

A Rio Tinto fornece minério de ferro aos fabricantes globais de aço com as seguintes métricas -chave:

Região do cliente	Fornecimento anual de minério de ferro (milhão de toneladas)	Quota de mercado
China	333.1	22.4%
Japão	54.7	8.6%
Coréia do Sul	41.3	6.5%

Empresas de construção e infraestrutura

O Rio Tinto fornece alumínio e cobre para projetos de infraestrutura:

• Produção de alumínio: 3,3 milhões de toneladas anualmente
• Produção de cobre: ​​653.900 toneladas em 2023

Fabricantes automotivos e de transporte

Material	Fornecimento anual (toneladas)	Principais mercados automotivos
Alumínio	1,7 milhão	Alemanha, EUA, Japão
Cobre	298,500	Fabricantes de veículos elétricos

Fabricantes de eletrônicos e tecnologia

Rio Tinto fornece minerais críticos para o setor de tecnologia:

• Produção mineral de titânio: 700.000 toneladas
• Fornecimento de minerais de terras raras: 45.000 toneladas

Setor de energia renovável

Mineral	Produção anual	Aplicação de energia renovável
Lítio	548.000 toneladas	Armazenamento de bateria
Cobre	653.900 toneladas	Infraestrutura solar e eólica

Grupo Rio Tinto (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Estrutura de Custo

Altos gastos de capital para infraestrutura de mineração

Em 2022, o gasto total de capital do Rio Tinto foi de US $ 7,1 bilhões, com investimentos significativos em infraestrutura de mineração em vários continentes.

Categoria de infraestrutura	Valor do investimento (USD)
Operações de minério de ferro pilbara	2,4 bilhões
Projetos de expansão de cobre	1,3 bilhão
Modernização de alumínio	0,9 bilhão

Custos operacionais para extração e processamento

As despesas operacionais totais do Rio Tinto em 2022 foram de aproximadamente US $ 19,3 bilhões.

• Custos de extração de mineração: US $ 8,7 bilhões
• Despesas de processamento e refino: US $ 6,2 bilhões
• Transporte e logística: US $ 4,4 bilhões

Investimentos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento

O Rio Tinto alocou US $ 352 milhões para iniciativas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em 2022, com foco na inovação tecnológica e na eficiência operacional.

Iniciativas de conformidade ambiental e sustentabilidade

Categoria de sustentabilidade	Despesas (USD)
Programas de redução de emissão de carbono	475 milhões
Remediação ambiental	280 milhões
Conservação da biodiversidade	95 milhões

Despesas globais de força de trabalho e gerenciamento de talentos

Os custos totais relacionados aos funcionários para o Rio Tinto em 2022 foram de US $ 6,8 bilhões.

• Salários e salários: US $ 5,2 bilhões
• Treinamento e desenvolvimento: US $ 185 milhões
• Benefícios dos funcionários: US $ 1,4 bilhão

Grupo Rio Tinto (Rio) - Modelo de Negócios: Fluxos de Receita

Vendas de minério de ferro

No ano fiscal de 2022, a receita de minério de ferro do Rio Tinto foi de US $ 33,5 bilhões. As operações de Pilbara na Austrália Ocidental produziram 324 milhões de toneladas de minério de ferro durante o mesmo período.

Produto	Receita anual	Volume de produção
Minério de ferro	US $ 33,5 bilhões	324 milhões de toneladas

Receita de produtos de alumínio

O segmento de alumínio da Rio Tinto gerou US $ 7,5 bilhões em receita para 2022. A empresa opera várias fundições de alumínio em todo o mundo.

Segmento de alumínio	Receita anual
Receita total de alumínio	US $ 7,5 bilhões

Negociação de cobre e mineral

As receitas de cobre do Rio Tinto atingiram US $ 5,2 bilhões em 2022. As principais operações de cobre incluem:

• Oyu Tolgoi Mina na Mongólia
• Kennecott Mina em Utah, Estados Unidos
• Mina Escondida no Chile

Mineral	Receita anual	Principais minas de produção
Cobre	US $ 5,2 bilhões	3 minas primárias

Processamento de metais e produtos de valor agregado

Os metais processados ​​e os produtos de valor agregado da Rio Tinto geraram aproximadamente US $ 2,8 bilhões em receita adicional durante 2022.

Contratos de fornecimento de longo prazo

Os contratos globais de fornecimento industrial contribuíram com US $ 4,6 bilhões para a receita total da Rio Tinto em 2022, com contratos significativos em:

• Fabricação de aço
• Materiais de construção
• Infraestrutura do setor energético

Tipo de contrato	Contribuição anual da receita
Contratos industriais de longo prazo	US $ 4,6 bilhões

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

You're looking at the core value Rio Tinto Group delivers to its customers and shareholders as of late 2025, based on their stated strategic objectives and recent performance metrics. It's about supplying the building blocks for the modern world while focusing on financial discipline.

Reliable, high-volume supply of essential raw materials to global industry.

Rio Tinto Group is focused on being a top-tier supplier, evidenced by their production guidance and growth targets. They expect overall production to grow by 7% in 2025, underpinning a longer-term outlook of 3% compound annual production growth through to 2030. This supply is anchored by major assets like the ramping-up Simandou iron ore mine.

The expected 2025 production volumes for key materials include:

Commodity	2025 Production Guidance	Context/Growth Driver
Copper	860-875 kilotonnes (kt)	Upgraded from prior 780-850 kt guidance
Bauxite	To exceed 61 million tonnes (Mt)	Upgraded from previous 59-61 Mt target
Aluminium	Upper end of 3.25-3.45 million tonnes (Mt) range	Part of the streamlined Aluminium & Lithium division

Strategic focus on 'Energy Transition' metals: Copper and Lithium.

The company is actively shifting its portfolio to align with the global energy transition, with copper seeing a significant guidance upgrade for 2025. The 2025 copper production guidance is now 860-875 kt, with unit costs revised down to 80-100 cents per pound (c/lb). Looking out, Rio Tinto Group has a target of producing 1 million tonnes of copper annually by 2030, and they anticipate copper equivalent production could increase by 20% by 2030. For lithium, they project capacity to reach ~200 ktpa by 2028 from their in-flight projects like Arcadium and Rincon.

Low-carbon/Responsibly sourced metals for green supply chains (e.g., low-carbon aluminum).

Rio Tinto Group is working to lower the carbon intensity of its products. The greenhouse gas emissions intensity of their managed Atlantic Operations smelters is less than one-fifth of the industry average. They are also advancing specific projects to grow this low-carbon footprint. For instance, they are assessing a potential first phase primary aluminum smelter in India targeting 500,000 tonnes per annum, powered by renewable energy. Furthermore, they are expanding recycled aluminum output with 30,000 tonnes of new recycling capacity at their Arvida facility, expected operational by Q4 2025.

Industry-leading shareholder returns via consistent 40-60% payout policy.

Rio Tinto Group maintains a clear framework for returning capital to owners. The dividend policy targets a payout ratio between 40-60% of underlying earnings, on average through the cycle, a policy maintained for nine years. For the first half of 2025, the interim ordinary dividend declared was $2.4 billion, representing a 50% payout. Analysts project a prospective dividend yield for the next 12 months around 5.5%, and based on adjusted earnings, the payout ratio is reported at 64%.

Key financial discipline metrics supporting this include:

• Targeting an A grade credit rating.
• Planned generation of $5-10 billion from project partnerships/asset release.
• Capital expenditure guidance for 2025 is $11 billion.

Operational efficiency: delivering $650 million in annualised productivity benefits.

A key part of the current value proposition is simplifying the business to drive down costs. Rio Tinto Group is targeting $650 million in annualized productivity benefits, with early moves already realizing $370 million in cost savings, and an additional $280 million targeted by the end of Q1 2026. This is tied to a broader goal to lower unit costs by 4% between 2024 and 2030.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're looking at how Rio Tinto Group (RIO) manages the crucial relationships that keep its massive operations running and its future projects funded. Honestly, for a company this size, customer relationships aren't just sales; they are about long-term supply security, social acceptance, and capital alignment.

Dedicated account management for large, long-term industrial contracts

For the big industrial buyers, especially in the transition metals space, the relationship is highly tailored. It's less about a transactional sale and more about securing future supply chains. This is evident in the focus on major project delivery and strategic resource agreements.

Here are some concrete examples of these deep customer/partner engagements as of late 2025:

• Secured two new agreements in Chile with Codelco and ENAMI to enrich the lithium pipeline.
• Accelerated the first shipment from the Simandou iron ore project to around November 2025.
• Engaging with several potential customers in the U.S. to support the domestic copper supply chain using the new Nuton® Technology.

The development of proprietary technology like Nuton® is a direct play to secure future customer relationships by offering a cleaner product; the copper produced is anticipated to have a mine-to-metal carbon footprint of 0.82-kilogram CO₂-e per kilogram copper, the lowest in the U.S.

Direct engagement with governments and local communities for social license to operate

Social license is non-negotiable; without community and government support, projects stall. Rio Tinto Group is formalizing these relationships with specific, measurable targets, though you'll notice some targets have been extended, which is common in large-scale operations.

The company has a set of Communities and Social Performance (CSP) targets, now extended to conclude in 2027. Key relationship milestones and metrics include:

Relationship Focus Area	Target/Metric	Status/Date
Cultural Heritage Co-management	All sites to co-manage cultural heritage with communities and knowledge holders	By 2027
Strategic Social Investment	70% of total community investment through strategic, outcomes-focused partnerships	By 2027
Local Supplier Spend	Year-on-year percentage increase in contestable spend sourced from local suppliers	Sourced 14.75% in 2024 (down from 16.80% in 2023)
Indigenous Partnership Formalization	Co-management agreement signed with Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura (PKKP)	May 2025

Also, government engagement is critical for project progression; for instance, the Brockman Syncline 1 & Hope Downs 2 iron ore projects received all necessary State and Federal Government approvals by June 2025. It's defintely a tightrope walk between development and local consent.

Investor relations focused on transparency and capital discipline

For investors, the relationship is built on a clear capital framework designed to deliver predictable returns, even when commodity prices are volatile. The focus is on financial discipline and returning capital, which is a direct message to the market.

Here's the quick math on their capital discipline framework announced in late 2025:

• Shareholder Returns Policy: Paying 40% to 60% of underlying earnings.
• Asset Base Cash Release Target: Opportunistic release of $5 billion to $10 billion.
• Mid-term Capital Expenditure (CapEx) Guidance (post-2027): Expected to decline to less than $10 billion.
• Credit Rating Focus: Maintaining a single A grade credit rating.
• Investment Hurdle: Projects must exceed WACC (estimated at 6-8%) by typically 300-500 basis points.

Financial performance underpins this: Underlying EBITDA for H1 2025 was $11.5 billion, with net earnings attributable to owners of $4.5 billion. Plus, they delivered $650 million in annualized productivity benefits in the first three months of the new strategy.

Collaborative partnerships with customers on decarbonisation pathways

Since Scope 3 emissions-largely from customers using their products, especially steel-are the largest part of their footprint, collaboration is key. Rio Tinto Group is actively working with customers and suppliers to lower these downstream emissions.

Scope 3 emissions from steelmaking were a massive 395.9 MtCO2e in 2024, representing 69% of the company's total emissions footprint. To tackle this, they are partnering across the value chain:

• Supplier Engagement: Actively partnering with 50 of its highest-emitting suppliers to improve energy efficiency.
• Steel Decarbonisation Spend: Committed $200 million to $350 million between 2025-2027 in steel decarbonization initiatives.
• Green Iron Pilot: Announced plans to invest more than A$35 million in a green iron demonstration plant (ZestyTM) in Kwinana in late 2025.
• Aluminium Partnership: Partnering with Hydro, expecting to invest approximately USD 45 million over five years to assess carbon capture for smelters.
• Operational Progress: H1 2025 Scope 1 & 2 emissions were 15.6 Mt CO2e, a 14% reduction versus the 2018 baseline, supporting the 2030 target of a 50% reduction.

In the Pilbara, they are working with BHP and Caterpillar to test battery-electric haul trucks, showing that industry-wide collaboration is necessary to move away from diesel. Finance: review the CapEx allocation for the $1 billion to $2 billion decarbonization capital estimate for 2025-2027.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

You're looking at how Rio Tinto Group moves its massive output from mine to customer, which is all about scale and logistics in late 2025. The company's consolidated sales revenue for the full year 2024 was $53,658 million.

Direct sales and long-term supply agreements with global industrial customers

Rio Tinto Group relies heavily on securing volumes through agreements with major industrial users globally. The structure of these sales dictates pricing mechanisms and volume certainty. For instance, in the second quarter of 2025, 9% of sales were priced by reference to the prior quarter's average index lagged by one month.

The sales terms show a mix of delivery arrangements:

• 24% of second quarter sales were made on a free on board (FOB) basis.
• The remainder of sales included freight costs.
• For iron ore, realised pricing in 2024 was strong at 99% of the index.
• The company projects 7% production growth in 2025, much of which feeds these agreements.

Global shipping and logistics network for bulk commodity transport

Moving millions of tonnes of material requires a dedicated logistics backbone. The company's Q2 2025 portside sales in China reached 7.8 million tonnes, with 96% of that volume being either screened or blended in Chinese ports, showing direct control over the final leg of distribution in a key market.

Shipment performance in Q3 2025 showed Pilbara iron ore shipments at 84.3 million tonnes.

The 2025 production and shipment guidance highlights the scale managed through this channel:

Commodity/Operation	2025 Guidance (Volume)	Notes
Pilbara Iron Ore Shipments	323 million to 338 million tonnes	Steady volume expected in the year ahead.
Simandou Iron Ore Shipments	0.5 to 1.0 Mt expected in 2025	First shipment targeted around November 2025.
Copper Production	860 kt to 875 kt	Upgraded guidance driven by Oyu Tolgoi ramp-up.
Bauxite Production	Exceed previous 59-61 Mt range	Upwards revision to guidance.
Aluminium Production	Upper end of 3.25 Mt to 3.45 Mt range
IOC Production	9.0 Mt to 9.5 Mt	Downgraded from previous 9.7 Mt to 11.4 Mt.

Commodity exchanges (e.g., LME) for pricing and sales of metals like Copper and Aluminium

While much of the bulk commodity sales are contract-based, the pricing for metals like Copper is benchmarked against global exchanges. The market for these metals directly influences realized pricing.

As of December 4, 2025, LME three-month copper futures were quoted at $11,426 a metric ton.

For other sales not indexed or on long-term contracts, the remainder of Rio Tinto Group's Q2 2025 sales were priced on the current quarter average, month average, or the spot market.

Regional sales offices managing local market distribution

Rio Tinto Group uses regional offices to manage localized distribution and market access, particularly in Asia. The focus on the Chinese iron ore market is evident in their portside operations there.

In Q2 2025, Rio Tinto Group's portside sales in China totaled 7.8 million tonnes.

The company's strategic simplification into three core business units-Iron Ore; Copper; and Aluminium & Lithium-as of late 2025 suggests a sharpening of focus for these regional sales teams to align with the most strategically important commodities.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

You're looking at the core buyers for Rio Tinto Group's output as of late 2025, which is definitely a mix of traditional heavy industry and the new energy transition players.

Global Steel Producers: Primary buyers of iron ore (e.g., China).

This segment remains the bedrock, though the reliance is actively being managed down. For the year ended December 31, 2024, Iron Ore contributed $31.33 billion to consolidated sales revenue, representing 66.3% of the total $47.29 billion revenue reported in one filing. Geographically, Greater China accounted for $30.81 billion, or 61.9% of total revenue in 2024.

Production-wise, Pilbara operations shipped 328.0 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024. Looking ahead, Rio Tinto Group has set its 2026 total iron ore sales guidance at 343 Mt - 366 Mt on a 100% basis. This includes an expected 323-338 Mt from the Pilbara and an initial 5-10 Mt from the Simandou project, which began its first ore loading in October 2025.

Automotive/EV Manufacturers: Key consumers of Lithium and Copper.

This is where Rio Tinto Group is strategically pivoting for long-term growth, targeting a copper production of 1 million tonnes annually by 2030. The company upgraded its 2025 consolidated copper production guidance to 860 kt to 875 kt. This is up from the 2024 consolidated mined copper production of 697 kt. The Oyu Tolgoi mine is a key driver, with output expected to rise more than 50% in 2025.

For lithium, the acquisition of Arcadium Lithium closed in March 2025 for $6.7 billion. The 2026 guidance for Lithium LCE (Lithium Carbonate Equivalent) is set at 61-64 kt.

Here's a quick look at the performance shift:

• Copper division underlying EBITDA surged 69% to $3.10 billion in H1 2025 compared to H1 2024.
• The 2025 copper unit cost guidance was slashed to 80-100 c/lb from 110-130 c/lb.

Construction and Power Infrastructure: Major users of Copper and Aluminium.

Aluminium demand ties directly into infrastructure build-out. For 2024, Aluminium contributed $3.7 billion in underlying EBITDA. The 2026 production guidance for Aluminium is set at the upper end of the 3.25 Mt to 3.45 Mt range.

The customer base for these materials is geographically diverse, though China remains dominant. The breakdown of 2024 revenue by region shows:

Geographic Region	2024 Revenue (US$ Billions)	Percentage of Total Revenue
Greater China	$30.81B	61.9%
United States	$9.01B	18.1%
Japan	$3.47B	7.0%

The United States is a significant customer, accounting for $9.01 billion in 2024 revenue.

Industrial Manufacturers: Buyers of bauxite, alumina, and other industrial minerals.

This segment covers the inputs for various industrial processes. In 2024, the Aluminium segment (which includes bauxite and alumina) generated underlying EBITDA of $3.7 billion. For the year ended December 31, 2024, revenue from Aluminium, Alumina, and Bauxite was $12.99 billion, or 27.5% of total revenue.

Production metrics for 2025 show an upgraded Bauxite production guidance to exceed the previous 59-61 Mt range. The 2026 guidance for Bauxite is 58-61 Mt and Alumina is 7.6 Mt to 8.0 Mt. Industrial Minerals specifically contributed $2.68 billion in revenue, or 5.7% of the total in 2024.

Financial Markets: Shareholders seeking strong, consistent returns.

For investors, the focus is on capital discipline and returns. Rio Tinto Group maintained a policy of returning 40% to 60% of underlying earnings to shareholders over the cycle. For the full year 2024, the ordinary dividend was $6.5 billion, representing a 60% payout.

The first half of 2025 saw an interim ordinary dividend of $2.4 billion, which was a 50% payout. This was based on H1 2025 underlying earnings of $4.8 billion. The company projects EBITDA could rise by as much as 40-50% by 2030 based on long-run consensus prices. Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

You're looking at the cost side of Rio Tinto Group's operations as of late 2025. This structure is heavily weighted toward long-term asset ownership and large-scale project execution, which means significant upfront and ongoing fixed commitments.

High fixed costs from owning and operating integrated infrastructure (rail, ports).

The nature of tier-one mining means Rio Tinto Group must maintain extensive, dedicated infrastructure, like the rail networks and port facilities in the Pilbara region, to move massive volumes of product. These assets represent a substantial, relatively fixed cost base, regardless of short-term commodity price fluctuations.

Significant capital expenditure: guidance of approximately $11 billion for 2025.

Capital allocation remains a major cost driver as Rio Tinto Group continues to fund its growth pipeline, particularly in copper and lithium. The guidance for the full year 2025 is firm on this front, though future spending is being tightened.

The capital expenditure outlook shows a clear focus on major projects:

• Guidance for Group capital expenditure in 2025 is approximately $11 billion.
• Guidance for Group capital expenditure in 2026 is also about $11 billion.
• Mid-term capital expenditure guidance (2028+) is set to revert to less than $10 billion annually as major projects complete.
• Growth capital directed in H1 2025 was $1.6 billion.

Operating costs: labor, energy, and maintenance for global mining operations.

Labor, energy for processing and transport, and routine maintenance form the bulk of day-to-day operating expenses. Rio Tinto Group is actively targeting efficiency gains to manage these costs, especially as energy prices fluctuate.

Here's a look at the recent operational cost data and targets:

Cost Metric	Amount / Guidance	Period / Basis
Operating Expenses	$19.78B	Fiscal semester ending June 2025 (H1 2025)
Operational Expenditure (Decarbonization related)	$181 million	H1 2025
Pilbara Iron Ore Unit Cash Costs	$24.30 per ton	H1 2025
Copper Unit Cost Guidance	80 c/lb to 100 c/lb	2025
Targeted Unit Cost Reduction	4% reduction	From 2024 to 2030

The company reported achieving $650 million in annualized productivity gains in the first quarter following its restructuring, with $370 million already realized.

Exploration and evaluation costs: $334 million pre-tax in H1 2025.

Spending on finding new resources is being prioritized toward copper and lithium. The reported expense for the first half of 2025 shows a shift due to capitalization changes at the Rincon project.

• Pre-tax and pre-divestment expenditure on exploration and evaluation charged to the profit and loss account in H1 2025 was $334 million.
• This compares to $487 million in H1 2024.
• Full year 2025 exploration and evaluation expense is expected to be slightly below the guided $1 billion.

Cost of compliance with environmental and regulatory standards.

Compliance costs are material, spanning both ongoing operational environmental spend and significant capital allocated for decarbonization targets, plus costs related to trade policy.

• Tariff-related costs faced by Rio Tinto Group in H1 2025 amounted to $321 million, largely due to US import duties on Canadian aluminium.
• Scope 1 & 2 CO2 emissions in H1 2025 were 15.6 Mt CO2e.
• Capital estimate for decarbonisation to 2030 has been revised to $1 billion to $2 billion.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

You're looking at the core ways Rio Tinto Group brings in money, which is heavily weighted toward bulk commodities but clearly shifting, so let's map out the numbers from the first half of 2025.

Iron Ore Sales remain the dominant revenue driver, but the realized price was $\mathbf{13\%}$ lower in H1 2025 compared to the prior period, which pressured earnings in that segment, with underlying EBITDA for Iron Ore dropping $\mathbf{24\%}$. Still, the operational recovery in the Pilbara, despite four cyclones in Q1, was strong. For the full year 2025, Pilbara iron ore shipment guidance remains in the range of $\mathbf{323-338 \text{ million mt}}$ on a 100 per cent basis, expected toward the lower end of that range.

The revenue stability seen in H1 2025, with consolidated sales revenue at $\mathbf{\$26.873 \text{ billion}}$, is a direct result of the increasing contribution from other areas, showing the diversification strategy is working.

Here's a snapshot of how the key commodity segments performed in H1 2025 relative to their underlying EBITDA contribution and 2025 outlook:

Commodity Segment	H1 2025 Underlying EBITDA Change (YoY)	2025 Production Guidance Status/Range
Iron Ore	Down $\mathbf{24\%}$	Shipments towards lower end of $\mathbf{323-338 \text{ Mt}}$
Copper	Up $\mathbf{69\%}$	Upgraded to $\mathbf{860-875 \text{ thousand tonnes}}$
Aluminium	Up $\mathbf{50\%}$	Expected at upper end of $\mathbf{3.25-3.45 \text{ million tonnes}}$

Copper Sales are a growing part of the revenue mix. The company upgraded its 2025 copper production guidance to a range of $\mathbf{860,000 \text{ to } 875,000 \text{ tonnes}}$. This segment saw a $\mathbf{69\%}$ rise in underlying EBITDA for the half. Furthermore, the unit cost guidance for copper was revised down to $\mathbf{80-100 \text{ c/lb}}$ for 2025. Copper equivalent production overall rose $\mathbf{6\%}$ year-on-year.

Aluminium Sales also contributed strongly to the resilient financials, with underlying EBITDA for the segment increasing by $\mathbf{50\%}$ in H1 2025. For the full year 2025, aluminium production is expected to hit the upper end of the $\mathbf{3.25-3.45 \text{ million tonnes}}$ guidance range.

Lithium Sales represent a new, strategic revenue stream following the $\mathbf{\$6.7 \text{ billion}}$ acquisition of Arcadium Lithium in March 2025. The company is ramping up its pipeline, with projections for lithium capacity to reach approximately $\mathbf{200 \text{ ktpa}}$ by 2028.

The overall financial picture from the first half of 2025 included these key figures:

• Consolidated sales revenue was $\mathbf{\$26.873 \text{ billion}}$.
• Underlying EBITDA was $\mathbf{\$11.547 \text{ billion}}$.
• Net cash generated from operating activities was $\mathbf{\$6.924 \text{ billion}}$.
• The interim ordinary dividend declared was $\mathbf{\$2.4 \text{ billion}}$.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.