Rio Tinto Group (RIO): Business Model Canvas

Die Rio Tinto Group, ein globales Bergbauunternehmen, wandelt Roherde in wichtige Ressourcen um, die die moderne Zivilisation antreiben. Durch die strategische Navigation durch komplexe geologische Landschaften und technologische Grenzen liefert dieses multinationale Unternehmen lebenswichtige Mineralien für Branchen von der Stahlherstellung bis hin zu erneuerbaren Energien. Ihr anspruchsvolles Business Model Canvas offenbart einen sorgfältig ausgearbeiteten Ansatz, der technologische Innovation, nachhaltige Praktiken und strategische globale Partnerschaften in Einklang bringt und Rio Tinto als zentralen Akteur im globalen Ökosystem der Ressourcengewinnung positioniert.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Wichtige Partnerschaften

Strategische Allianzen mit Herstellern von Bergbauausrüstung

Rio Tinto arbeitet mit wichtigen Geräteherstellern zusammen, um die betriebliche Effizienz zu steigern:

Partner	Gerätetyp	Investitionswert
Raupe	Autonome Transportfahrzeuge	295 Millionen US-Dollar (2023)
Komatsu	Automatisierte Bergbauausrüstung	214 Millionen US-Dollar (2023)

Joint Ventures mit lokalen Regierungen

Zu den strategischen regionalen Partnerschaften von Rio Tinto gehören:

• Joint Venture mit der Regierung der Mongolei in der Kupfer-Gold-Mine Oyu Tolgoi
• Partnerschaft mit der australischen Regierung im Eisenerzabbau in Pilbara
• Zusammenarbeit mit kanadischen Provinzen bei der Gewinnung von Aluminium und Mineralien

Technologiepartner für Bergbauinnovationen

Investitionen in die technologische Zusammenarbeit:

Partner	Technologiefokus	Jährliche F&E-Investitionen
IBM	KI und maschinelles Lernen	87 Millionen US-Dollar (2023)
Microsoft	Cloud-Computing	62 Millionen US-Dollar (2023)

Nachhaltigkeits- und Umweltforschungseinrichtungen

Details zur Umweltpartnerschaft:

• Partnerschaft mit CSIRO (Australien) für Technologien zur Kohlenstoffreduzierung
• Zusammenarbeit mit MIT für nachhaltige Bergbauforschung
• Gemeinsame Forschung mit dem World Resources Institute

Globale Logistik- und Speditionsunternehmen

Versand- und Logistikpartnerschaften:

Partner	Servicetyp	Jährlicher Vertragswert
Maersk	Globale Versandlogistik	412 Millionen US-Dollar (2023)
Vale Shipping	Massenguttransport	276 Millionen US-Dollar (2023)

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Hauptaktivitäten

Mineralexploration und -gewinnung

Rio Tinto ist in 35 Ländern mit 16 großen Bergbauanlagen tätig. Im Jahr 2023 beliefen sich die gesamten Mineralexplorationsausgaben des Unternehmens auf 438 Millionen US-Dollar. Zu den wichtigsten Explorationsregionen gehören:

Region	Explorationsausgaben	Primäre Mineralien
Australien	247 Millionen Dollar	Eisenerz, Kupfer, Gold
Nordamerika	112 Millionen Dollar	Kupfer, Molybdän
Afrika	79 Millionen Dollar	Diamanten, Aluminium

Bergbaubetriebe auf mehreren Kontinenten

Rio Tinto verwaltet weltweit 16 große Bergbaubetriebe mit einer Belegschaft von 49.700 Mitarbeitern (Stand 2023).

• Eisenerzproduktion: 325 Millionen Tonnen jährlich
• Aluminiumproduktion: 3,3 Millionen Tonnen jährlich
• Kupferproduktion: 453.900 Tonnen jährlich
• Titandioxidproduktion: 700.000 Tonnen jährlich

Nachhaltige Entwicklung der Bergbautechnologie

Rio Tinto investierte im Jahr 2023 1,2 Milliarden US-Dollar in technologische Innovation und Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen. Zu den wichtigsten technologischen Investitionen gehören:

Technologie	Investition	Erwartete CO2-Reduktion
Autonome Transportfahrzeuge	387 Millionen Dollar	Reduzierung des Dieselverbrauchs um 20 %
Infrastruktur für erneuerbare Energien	524 Millionen US-Dollar	Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen um 35 %

Ressourcenverarbeitung und -veredelung

Rio Tinto betreibt 24 Verarbeitungs- und Raffinationsanlagen in 8 Ländern. Angaben zur Verarbeitungskapazität:

• Eisenerzverarbeitung: 360 Millionen Tonnen pro Jahr
• Aluminiumraffination: 3,5 Millionen Tonnen pro Jahr
• Kupferkonzentratverarbeitung: 500.000 Tonnen pro Jahr

Globaler Mineralienhandel und -vertrieb

Die globalen Handelsaktivitäten von Rio Tinto im Jahr 2023:

Mineralisch	Jährliches Handelsvolumen	Primäre Exportmärkte
Eisenerz	325 Millionen Tonnen	China, Japan, Südkorea
Aluminium	3,3 Millionen Tonnen	Vereinigte Staaten, Deutschland, China
Kupfer	453.900 Tonnen	China, Japan, Südkorea

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Schlüsselressourcen

Umfangreiche Mineralexplorationsrechte und Landbesitz

Rio Tinto besitzt Mineralexplorationsrechte auf mehreren Kontinenten, mit bestimmten Landbeständen ab 2024:

Region	Gesamtlandfläche (Hektar)	Explorationsgenehmigungen
Australien	3,752,000	127
Kanada	1,824,500	89
Mongolei	1,658,200	43

Fortschrittliche Bergbauausrüstung und -technologie

Zu den technologischen Investitionen von Rio Tinto gehören:

• Autonome Transportfahrzeuge: 229 Einheiten
• Automatisierte Bohrsysteme: 78 Einheiten
• Remote-Einsatzzentren: 3 globale Standorte

Qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte mit speziellem geologischem Fachwissen

Zusammensetzung der Belegschaft im Jahr 2024:

Mitarbeiterkategorie	Gesamtzahl	Spezialisierte Geologen
Gesamtzahl der Mitarbeiter	49,700	1,837

Starkes Finanzkapital

Finanzielle Mittel ab 2024:

• Gesamtvermögen: 119,4 Milliarden US-Dollar
• Barmittel und liquide Anlagen: 8,2 Milliarden US-Dollar
• Jährliche Kapitalausgaben: 6,7 Milliarden US-Dollar

Vielfältiges Mineralressourcenportfolio

Mineralisch	Jährliche Produktion	Globaler Marktanteil
Eisenerz	327 Millionen Tonnen	16%
Aluminium	3,1 Millionen Tonnen	7%
Kupfer	522.000 Tonnen	4%

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Wertversprechen

Hochwertige, nachhaltig gewonnene Mineralien und Metalle

Rio Tinto produzierte im Jahr 2022 327 Millionen Tonnen Eisenerz. Die Kupferproduktion erreichte im selben Jahr 457.800 Tonnen. Die Aluminiumproduktion betrug im Jahr 2022 3,9 Millionen Tonnen.

Mineral/Metall	Produktionsvolumen (2022)	Schlüsselmärkte
Eisenerz	327 Millionen Tonnen	China, Japan, Südkorea
Kupfer	457.800 Tonnen	Globale Industriemärkte
Aluminium	3,9 Millionen Tonnen	Automobil, Verpackung, Bau

Engagement für ökologische und soziale Verantwortung

Rio Tinto investierte im Jahr 2022 1,1 Milliarden US-Dollar in Strategien zur Eindämmung des Klimawandels. Ziel der Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen: 50 % bis 2030.

• Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien: 350 Millionen US-Dollar
• Gemeindeentwicklungsprogramme: 180 Millionen US-Dollar
• Initiativen zum indigenen Engagement: 75 Millionen US-Dollar

Zuverlässige globale Lieferkette für kritische Industriematerialien

Rio Tinto ist in 35 Ländern mit 16 großen Bergbaubetrieben tätig. Die Effizienz der Lieferkette wurde im Jahr 2022 mit einer Zuverlässigkeit von 92 % bewertet.

Region	Anzahl der Operationen	Schlüsselressourcen
Australien	8	Eisenerz, Aluminium, Kupfer
Nordamerika	4	Kupfer, Molybdän
Afrika	3	Diamanten, Mineralien

Technologische Innovation in der Bergbaueffizienz

Investitionen in Forschung und Entwicklung in Höhe von 420 Millionen US-Dollar im Jahr 2022. Implementierung von 37 autonomen Bergbautechnologien im gesamten Betrieb.

• Autonome Transportfahrzeuge: 23 % der Flotte
• KI-gesteuerte Explorationstechnologien
• Fortschrittliche Datenanalyseplattformen

Langfristige strategische Ressourcenentwicklung

Gesamtinvestitionen in Höhe von 6,7 Milliarden US-Dollar im Jahr 2022 für die zukünftige Ressourcenentwicklung. Strategische Projektpipeline im Wert von 12,3 Milliarden US-Dollar.

Projektkategorie	Investition	Voraussichtliche Fertigstellung
Kupferausbau	3,4 Milliarden US-Dollar	2025-2027
Eisenerz-Infrastruktur	2,1 Milliarden US-Dollar	2024
Integration erneuerbarer Energien	1,2 Milliarden US-Dollar	2026

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Kundenbeziehungen

Langfristige Verträge mit Industrieherstellern

Rio Tinto unterhält strategische langfristige Lieferverträge mit wichtigen Industriekunden in mehreren Sektoren:

Kundensegment	Vertragsdauer	Jahresvolumen
Stahlherstellung	10-15 Jahre	45,2 Millionen Tonnen Eisenerz
Aluminiumindustrie	7-12 Jahre	3,1 Millionen Tonnen Bauxit

Dediziertes Account-Management für Großkunden

Rio Tinto setzt spezielle Account-Management-Strategien ein:

• Engagierte Kundenbetreuer für die 50 größten globalen Kunden
• Maßgeschneiderte Supply-Chain-Lösungen
• Jahresumsatz der Top-10-Kunden: 22,3 Milliarden US-Dollar

Transparente Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung

Die Kennzahlen der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation von Rio Tinto:

• Jährlicher Nachhaltigkeitsbericht seit 2008
• Abdeckung der Kohlenstoffemissionsberichterstattung: 100 %
• Veranstaltungen zur Einbindung von Stakeholdern: 47 globale Foren im Jahr 2023

Digitale Plattformen für die Kundenkommunikation

Digitale Plattform	Benutzerbasis	Jährliche Interaktionen
Kundenportal	328 registrierte Industriekunden	1,2 Millionen digitale Interaktionen
Supply-Chain-Management-System	256 globale Lieferanten	845.000 Transaktionen

Regelmäßige Zusammenarbeit mit Stakeholdern und Gemeinschaften

Kennzahlen zum Stakeholder-Engagement:

• Gemeinschaftsinvestition: 124,5 Millionen US-Dollar im Jahr 2023
• Partnerschaften mit indigenen Gemeinschaften: 22 aktive Vereinbarungen
• Lokale Beschäftigungsquote in den operativen Regionen: 68 %

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Kanäle

Direktvertriebsteams

Rio Tinto beschäftigt ab 2023 weltweit 49.700 Mitarbeiter mit engagierten Vertriebsteams in mehreren Regionen, darunter Australien, Großbritannien, den Vereinigten Staaten und China.

Region	Größe des Vertriebsteams	Primärer Produktfokus
Australien	18.500 Mitarbeiter	Eisenerz, Aluminium
Vereinigtes Königreich	4.200 Mitarbeiter	Unternehmensvertrieb, strategische Partnerschaften
Vereinigte Staaten	3.900 Mitarbeiter	Kupfer, Mineralien

Online-Handelsplattformen

Rio Tinto nutzt digitale Plattformen für den Rohstoffhandel und die Kundenbindung.

• Die digitale Plattform von Rio Tinto wickelt jährliche Rohstofftransaktionen im Wert von rund 43,7 Milliarden US-Dollar ab
• Die Online-Plattform deckt 87 % des weltweiten Mineralumsatzes ab
• Das digitale Transaktionsvolumen stieg von 2022 bis 2023 um 22 %

Branchenkonferenzen und Ausstellungen

Rio Tinto nimmt jährlich an 42 großen internationalen Bergbau- und Metallkonferenzen teil.

Konferenztyp	Jährliche Teilnahme	Geschätzter generierter Umsatz
Globale Bergbaukonferenzen	18 Konferenzen	Potenzielle Deals im Wert von 2,1 Milliarden US-Dollar
Metallhandelsausstellungen	24 Ausstellungen	Potenzielle Verträge im Wert von 1,6 Milliarden US-Dollar

Digitales Marketing und Unternehmenskommunikation

Rio Tinto pflegt robuste digitale Kommunikationsstrategien.

• LinkedIn-Follower: 245.000
• Twitter-Follower: 95.000
• Jährliches Budget für digitales Marketing: 37,5 Millionen US-Dollar
• Website-Traffic: 1,2 Millionen einzelne Besucher pro Monat

Strategische Partnerschaftsnetzwerke

Rio Tinto unterhält strategische Partnerschaften in mehreren Sektoren.

Partnerschaftstyp	Anzahl der Partner	Jährlicher Kooperationswert
Bergbautechnologieunternehmen	28 Partnerschaften	512 Millionen Dollar
Forschungseinrichtungen	16 Kooperationen	87 Millionen Dollar
Partner für nachhaltige Entwicklung	12 Partnerschaften	214 Millionen Dollar

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Kundensegmente

Stahlverarbeitende Industrie

Rio Tinto liefert Eisenerz an globale Stahlhersteller mit den folgenden Schlüsselkennzahlen:

Kundenregion	Jährliche Eisenerzversorgung (Millionen Tonnen)	Marktanteil
China	333.1	22.4%
Japan	54.7	8.6%
Südkorea	41.3	6.5%

Bau- und Infrastrukturunternehmen

Rio Tinto liefert Aluminium und Kupfer für Infrastrukturprojekte:

• Aluminiumproduktion: 3,3 Millionen Tonnen jährlich
• Kupferproduktion: 653.900 Tonnen im Jahr 2023

Automobil- und Transporthersteller

Material	Jährliche Versorgung (Tonnen)	Wichtige Automobilmärkte
Aluminium	1,7 Millionen	Deutschland, USA, Japan
Kupfer	298,500	Hersteller von Elektrofahrzeugen

Elektronik- und Technologiehersteller

Rio Tinto liefert wichtige Mineralien für den Technologiesektor:

• Titanmineralproduktion: 700.000 Tonnen
• Versorgung mit Seltenerdmineralien: 45.000 Tonnen

Sektor für erneuerbare Energien

Mineralisch	Jährliche Produktion	Anwendung für erneuerbare Energien
Lithium	548.000 Tonnen	Batteriespeicher
Kupfer	653.900 Tonnen	Solar- und Windinfrastruktur

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Kostenstruktur

Hoher Kapitalaufwand für Bergbauinfrastruktur

Im Jahr 2022 beliefen sich die Gesamtinvestitionen von Rio Tinto auf 7,1 Milliarden US-Dollar, wobei erhebliche Investitionen in die Bergbauinfrastruktur auf mehreren Kontinenten getätigt wurden.

Kategorie „Infrastruktur“.	Investitionsbetrag (USD)
Pilbara-Eisenerzbetriebe	2,4 Milliarden
Kupfererweiterungsprojekte	1,3 Milliarden
Modernisierung von Aluminium	0,9 Milliarden

Betriebskosten für Extraktion und Verarbeitung

Die gesamten Betriebskosten von Rio Tinto beliefen sich im Jahr 2022 auf etwa 19,3 Milliarden US-Dollar.

• Bergbaukosten: 8,7 Milliarden US-Dollar
• Verarbeitungs- und Raffinierungskosten: 6,2 Milliarden US-Dollar
• Transport und Logistik: 4,4 Milliarden US-Dollar

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinvestitionen

Rio Tinto hat im Jahr 2022 352 Millionen US-Dollar für Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinitiativen bereitgestellt, die sich auf technologische Innovation und betriebliche Effizienz konzentrieren.

Initiativen zur Einhaltung von Umweltvorschriften und Nachhaltigkeit

Kategorie Nachhaltigkeit	Ausgaben (USD)
Programme zur Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen	475 Millionen
Umweltsanierung	280 Millionen
Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt	95 Millionen

Globale Ausgaben für Personal- und Talentmanagement

Die gesamten mitarbeiterbezogenen Kosten für Rio Tinto beliefen sich im Jahr 2022 auf 6,8 Milliarden US-Dollar.

• Gehälter und Löhne: 5,2 Milliarden US-Dollar
• Schulung und Entwicklung: 185 Millionen US-Dollar
• Leistungen an Arbeitnehmer: 1,4 Milliarden US-Dollar

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) – Geschäftsmodell: Einnahmequellen

Verkauf von Eisenerz

Im Geschäftsjahr 2022 belief sich der Eisenerzumsatz von Rio Tinto auf 33,5 Milliarden US-Dollar. Die Pilbara-Betriebe in Westaustralien produzierten im gleichen Zeitraum 324 Millionen Tonnen Eisenerz.

Produkt	Jahresumsatz	Produktionsvolumen
Eisenerz	33,5 Milliarden US-Dollar	324 Millionen Tonnen

Umsatzerlöse aus Aluminiumprodukten

Das Aluminiumsegment von Rio Tinto erwirtschaftete im Jahr 2022 einen Umsatz von 7,5 Milliarden US-Dollar. Das Unternehmen betreibt weltweit mehrere Aluminiumhütten.

Aluminiumsegment	Jahresumsatz
Gesamtumsatz mit Aluminium	7,5 Milliarden US-Dollar

Kupfer- und Mineralienhandel

Die Kupfereinnahmen von Rio Tinto erreichten im Jahr 2022 5,2 Milliarden US-Dollar. Zu den wichtigsten Kupferbetrieben gehören:

• Oyu Tolgoi-Mine in der Mongolei
• Kennecott-Mine in Utah, USA
• Escondida-Mine in Chile

Mineralisch	Jahresumsatz	Wichtige produzierende Minen
Kupfer	5,2 Milliarden US-Dollar	3 Primärminen

Metallverarbeitung und Mehrwertprodukte

Die verarbeiteten Metalle und Mehrwertprodukte von Rio Tinto generierten im Jahr 2022 zusätzliche Einnahmen in Höhe von rund 2,8 Milliarden US-Dollar.

Langfristige Lieferverträge

Globale Industrielieferverträge trugen im Jahr 2022 4,6 Milliarden US-Dollar zum Gesamtumsatz von Rio Tinto bei, mit bedeutenden Verträgen in:

• Stahlherstellung
• Baumaterialien
• Infrastruktur im Energiesektor

Vertragstyp	Jährlicher Umsatzbeitrag
Langfristige Industrieverträge	4,6 Milliarden US-Dollar

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

You're looking at the core value Rio Tinto Group delivers to its customers and shareholders as of late 2025, based on their stated strategic objectives and recent performance metrics. It's about supplying the building blocks for the modern world while focusing on financial discipline.

Reliable, high-volume supply of essential raw materials to global industry.

Rio Tinto Group is focused on being a top-tier supplier, evidenced by their production guidance and growth targets. They expect overall production to grow by 7% in 2025, underpinning a longer-term outlook of 3% compound annual production growth through to 2030. This supply is anchored by major assets like the ramping-up Simandou iron ore mine.

The expected 2025 production volumes for key materials include:

Commodity	2025 Production Guidance	Context/Growth Driver
Copper	860-875 kilotonnes (kt)	Upgraded from prior 780-850 kt guidance
Bauxite	To exceed 61 million tonnes (Mt)	Upgraded from previous 59-61 Mt target
Aluminium	Upper end of 3.25-3.45 million tonnes (Mt) range	Part of the streamlined Aluminium & Lithium division

Strategic focus on 'Energy Transition' metals: Copper and Lithium.

The company is actively shifting its portfolio to align with the global energy transition, with copper seeing a significant guidance upgrade for 2025. The 2025 copper production guidance is now 860-875 kt, with unit costs revised down to 80-100 cents per pound (c/lb). Looking out, Rio Tinto Group has a target of producing 1 million tonnes of copper annually by 2030, and they anticipate copper equivalent production could increase by 20% by 2030. For lithium, they project capacity to reach ~200 ktpa by 2028 from their in-flight projects like Arcadium and Rincon.

Low-carbon/Responsibly sourced metals for green supply chains (e.g., low-carbon aluminum).

Rio Tinto Group is working to lower the carbon intensity of its products. The greenhouse gas emissions intensity of their managed Atlantic Operations smelters is less than one-fifth of the industry average. They are also advancing specific projects to grow this low-carbon footprint. For instance, they are assessing a potential first phase primary aluminum smelter in India targeting 500,000 tonnes per annum, powered by renewable energy. Furthermore, they are expanding recycled aluminum output with 30,000 tonnes of new recycling capacity at their Arvida facility, expected operational by Q4 2025.

Industry-leading shareholder returns via consistent 40-60% payout policy.

Rio Tinto Group maintains a clear framework for returning capital to owners. The dividend policy targets a payout ratio between 40-60% of underlying earnings, on average through the cycle, a policy maintained for nine years. For the first half of 2025, the interim ordinary dividend declared was $2.4 billion, representing a 50% payout. Analysts project a prospective dividend yield for the next 12 months around 5.5%, and based on adjusted earnings, the payout ratio is reported at 64%.

Key financial discipline metrics supporting this include:

• Targeting an A grade credit rating.
• Planned generation of $5-10 billion from project partnerships/asset release.
• Capital expenditure guidance for 2025 is $11 billion.

Operational efficiency: delivering $650 million in annualised productivity benefits.

A key part of the current value proposition is simplifying the business to drive down costs. Rio Tinto Group is targeting $650 million in annualized productivity benefits, with early moves already realizing $370 million in cost savings, and an additional $280 million targeted by the end of Q1 2026. This is tied to a broader goal to lower unit costs by 4% between 2024 and 2030.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're looking at how Rio Tinto Group (RIO) manages the crucial relationships that keep its massive operations running and its future projects funded. Honestly, for a company this size, customer relationships aren't just sales; they are about long-term supply security, social acceptance, and capital alignment.

Dedicated account management for large, long-term industrial contracts

For the big industrial buyers, especially in the transition metals space, the relationship is highly tailored. It's less about a transactional sale and more about securing future supply chains. This is evident in the focus on major project delivery and strategic resource agreements.

Here are some concrete examples of these deep customer/partner engagements as of late 2025:

• Secured two new agreements in Chile with Codelco and ENAMI to enrich the lithium pipeline.
• Accelerated the first shipment from the Simandou iron ore project to around November 2025.
• Engaging with several potential customers in the U.S. to support the domestic copper supply chain using the new Nuton® Technology.

The development of proprietary technology like Nuton® is a direct play to secure future customer relationships by offering a cleaner product; the copper produced is anticipated to have a mine-to-metal carbon footprint of 0.82-kilogram CO₂-e per kilogram copper, the lowest in the U.S.

Direct engagement with governments and local communities for social license to operate

Social license is non-negotiable; without community and government support, projects stall. Rio Tinto Group is formalizing these relationships with specific, measurable targets, though you'll notice some targets have been extended, which is common in large-scale operations.

The company has a set of Communities and Social Performance (CSP) targets, now extended to conclude in 2027. Key relationship milestones and metrics include:

Relationship Focus Area	Target/Metric	Status/Date
Cultural Heritage Co-management	All sites to co-manage cultural heritage with communities and knowledge holders	By 2027
Strategic Social Investment	70% of total community investment through strategic, outcomes-focused partnerships	By 2027
Local Supplier Spend	Year-on-year percentage increase in contestable spend sourced from local suppliers	Sourced 14.75% in 2024 (down from 16.80% in 2023)
Indigenous Partnership Formalization	Co-management agreement signed with Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura (PKKP)	May 2025

Also, government engagement is critical for project progression; for instance, the Brockman Syncline 1 & Hope Downs 2 iron ore projects received all necessary State and Federal Government approvals by June 2025. It's defintely a tightrope walk between development and local consent.

Investor relations focused on transparency and capital discipline

For investors, the relationship is built on a clear capital framework designed to deliver predictable returns, even when commodity prices are volatile. The focus is on financial discipline and returning capital, which is a direct message to the market.

Here's the quick math on their capital discipline framework announced in late 2025:

• Shareholder Returns Policy: Paying 40% to 60% of underlying earnings.
• Asset Base Cash Release Target: Opportunistic release of $5 billion to $10 billion.
• Mid-term Capital Expenditure (CapEx) Guidance (post-2027): Expected to decline to less than $10 billion.
• Credit Rating Focus: Maintaining a single A grade credit rating.
• Investment Hurdle: Projects must exceed WACC (estimated at 6-8%) by typically 300-500 basis points.

Financial performance underpins this: Underlying EBITDA for H1 2025 was $11.5 billion, with net earnings attributable to owners of $4.5 billion. Plus, they delivered $650 million in annualized productivity benefits in the first three months of the new strategy.

Collaborative partnerships with customers on decarbonisation pathways

Since Scope 3 emissions-largely from customers using their products, especially steel-are the largest part of their footprint, collaboration is key. Rio Tinto Group is actively working with customers and suppliers to lower these downstream emissions.

Scope 3 emissions from steelmaking were a massive 395.9 MtCO2e in 2024, representing 69% of the company's total emissions footprint. To tackle this, they are partnering across the value chain:

• Supplier Engagement: Actively partnering with 50 of its highest-emitting suppliers to improve energy efficiency.
• Steel Decarbonisation Spend: Committed $200 million to $350 million between 2025-2027 in steel decarbonization initiatives.
• Green Iron Pilot: Announced plans to invest more than A$35 million in a green iron demonstration plant (ZestyTM) in Kwinana in late 2025.
• Aluminium Partnership: Partnering with Hydro, expecting to invest approximately USD 45 million over five years to assess carbon capture for smelters.
• Operational Progress: H1 2025 Scope 1 & 2 emissions were 15.6 Mt CO2e, a 14% reduction versus the 2018 baseline, supporting the 2030 target of a 50% reduction.

In the Pilbara, they are working with BHP and Caterpillar to test battery-electric haul trucks, showing that industry-wide collaboration is necessary to move away from diesel. Finance: review the CapEx allocation for the $1 billion to $2 billion decarbonization capital estimate for 2025-2027.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

You're looking at how Rio Tinto Group moves its massive output from mine to customer, which is all about scale and logistics in late 2025. The company's consolidated sales revenue for the full year 2024 was $53,658 million.

Direct sales and long-term supply agreements with global industrial customers

Rio Tinto Group relies heavily on securing volumes through agreements with major industrial users globally. The structure of these sales dictates pricing mechanisms and volume certainty. For instance, in the second quarter of 2025, 9% of sales were priced by reference to the prior quarter's average index lagged by one month.

The sales terms show a mix of delivery arrangements:

• 24% of second quarter sales were made on a free on board (FOB) basis.
• The remainder of sales included freight costs.
• For iron ore, realised pricing in 2024 was strong at 99% of the index.
• The company projects 7% production growth in 2025, much of which feeds these agreements.

Global shipping and logistics network for bulk commodity transport

Moving millions of tonnes of material requires a dedicated logistics backbone. The company's Q2 2025 portside sales in China reached 7.8 million tonnes, with 96% of that volume being either screened or blended in Chinese ports, showing direct control over the final leg of distribution in a key market.

Shipment performance in Q3 2025 showed Pilbara iron ore shipments at 84.3 million tonnes.

The 2025 production and shipment guidance highlights the scale managed through this channel:

Commodity/Operation	2025 Guidance (Volume)	Notes
Pilbara Iron Ore Shipments	323 million to 338 million tonnes	Steady volume expected in the year ahead.
Simandou Iron Ore Shipments	0.5 to 1.0 Mt expected in 2025	First shipment targeted around November 2025.
Copper Production	860 kt to 875 kt	Upgraded guidance driven by Oyu Tolgoi ramp-up.
Bauxite Production	Exceed previous 59-61 Mt range	Upwards revision to guidance.
Aluminium Production	Upper end of 3.25 Mt to 3.45 Mt range
IOC Production	9.0 Mt to 9.5 Mt	Downgraded from previous 9.7 Mt to 11.4 Mt.

Commodity exchanges (e.g., LME) for pricing and sales of metals like Copper and Aluminium

While much of the bulk commodity sales are contract-based, the pricing for metals like Copper is benchmarked against global exchanges. The market for these metals directly influences realized pricing.

As of December 4, 2025, LME three-month copper futures were quoted at $11,426 a metric ton.

For other sales not indexed or on long-term contracts, the remainder of Rio Tinto Group's Q2 2025 sales were priced on the current quarter average, month average, or the spot market.

Regional sales offices managing local market distribution

Rio Tinto Group uses regional offices to manage localized distribution and market access, particularly in Asia. The focus on the Chinese iron ore market is evident in their portside operations there.

In Q2 2025, Rio Tinto Group's portside sales in China totaled 7.8 million tonnes.

The company's strategic simplification into three core business units-Iron Ore; Copper; and Aluminium & Lithium-as of late 2025 suggests a sharpening of focus for these regional sales teams to align with the most strategically important commodities.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

You're looking at the core buyers for Rio Tinto Group's output as of late 2025, which is definitely a mix of traditional heavy industry and the new energy transition players.

Global Steel Producers: Primary buyers of iron ore (e.g., China).

This segment remains the bedrock, though the reliance is actively being managed down. For the year ended December 31, 2024, Iron Ore contributed $31.33 billion to consolidated sales revenue, representing 66.3% of the total $47.29 billion revenue reported in one filing. Geographically, Greater China accounted for $30.81 billion, or 61.9% of total revenue in 2024.

Production-wise, Pilbara operations shipped 328.0 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024. Looking ahead, Rio Tinto Group has set its 2026 total iron ore sales guidance at 343 Mt - 366 Mt on a 100% basis. This includes an expected 323-338 Mt from the Pilbara and an initial 5-10 Mt from the Simandou project, which began its first ore loading in October 2025.

Automotive/EV Manufacturers: Key consumers of Lithium and Copper.

This is where Rio Tinto Group is strategically pivoting for long-term growth, targeting a copper production of 1 million tonnes annually by 2030. The company upgraded its 2025 consolidated copper production guidance to 860 kt to 875 kt. This is up from the 2024 consolidated mined copper production of 697 kt. The Oyu Tolgoi mine is a key driver, with output expected to rise more than 50% in 2025.

For lithium, the acquisition of Arcadium Lithium closed in March 2025 for $6.7 billion. The 2026 guidance for Lithium LCE (Lithium Carbonate Equivalent) is set at 61-64 kt.

Here's a quick look at the performance shift:

• Copper division underlying EBITDA surged 69% to $3.10 billion in H1 2025 compared to H1 2024.
• The 2025 copper unit cost guidance was slashed to 80-100 c/lb from 110-130 c/lb.

Construction and Power Infrastructure: Major users of Copper and Aluminium.

Aluminium demand ties directly into infrastructure build-out. For 2024, Aluminium contributed $3.7 billion in underlying EBITDA. The 2026 production guidance for Aluminium is set at the upper end of the 3.25 Mt to 3.45 Mt range.

The customer base for these materials is geographically diverse, though China remains dominant. The breakdown of 2024 revenue by region shows:

Geographic Region	2024 Revenue (US$ Billions)	Percentage of Total Revenue
Greater China	$30.81B	61.9%
United States	$9.01B	18.1%
Japan	$3.47B	7.0%

The United States is a significant customer, accounting for $9.01 billion in 2024 revenue.

Industrial Manufacturers: Buyers of bauxite, alumina, and other industrial minerals.

This segment covers the inputs for various industrial processes. In 2024, the Aluminium segment (which includes bauxite and alumina) generated underlying EBITDA of $3.7 billion. For the year ended December 31, 2024, revenue from Aluminium, Alumina, and Bauxite was $12.99 billion, or 27.5% of total revenue.

Production metrics for 2025 show an upgraded Bauxite production guidance to exceed the previous 59-61 Mt range. The 2026 guidance for Bauxite is 58-61 Mt and Alumina is 7.6 Mt to 8.0 Mt. Industrial Minerals specifically contributed $2.68 billion in revenue, or 5.7% of the total in 2024.

Financial Markets: Shareholders seeking strong, consistent returns.

For investors, the focus is on capital discipline and returns. Rio Tinto Group maintained a policy of returning 40% to 60% of underlying earnings to shareholders over the cycle. For the full year 2024, the ordinary dividend was $6.5 billion, representing a 60% payout.

The first half of 2025 saw an interim ordinary dividend of $2.4 billion, which was a 50% payout. This was based on H1 2025 underlying earnings of $4.8 billion. The company projects EBITDA could rise by as much as 40-50% by 2030 based on long-run consensus prices. Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

You're looking at the cost side of Rio Tinto Group's operations as of late 2025. This structure is heavily weighted toward long-term asset ownership and large-scale project execution, which means significant upfront and ongoing fixed commitments.

High fixed costs from owning and operating integrated infrastructure (rail, ports).

The nature of tier-one mining means Rio Tinto Group must maintain extensive, dedicated infrastructure, like the rail networks and port facilities in the Pilbara region, to move massive volumes of product. These assets represent a substantial, relatively fixed cost base, regardless of short-term commodity price fluctuations.

Significant capital expenditure: guidance of approximately $11 billion for 2025.

Capital allocation remains a major cost driver as Rio Tinto Group continues to fund its growth pipeline, particularly in copper and lithium. The guidance for the full year 2025 is firm on this front, though future spending is being tightened.

The capital expenditure outlook shows a clear focus on major projects:

• Guidance for Group capital expenditure in 2025 is approximately $11 billion.
• Guidance for Group capital expenditure in 2026 is also about $11 billion.
• Mid-term capital expenditure guidance (2028+) is set to revert to less than $10 billion annually as major projects complete.
• Growth capital directed in H1 2025 was $1.6 billion.

Operating costs: labor, energy, and maintenance for global mining operations.

Labor, energy for processing and transport, and routine maintenance form the bulk of day-to-day operating expenses. Rio Tinto Group is actively targeting efficiency gains to manage these costs, especially as energy prices fluctuate.

Here's a look at the recent operational cost data and targets:

Cost Metric	Amount / Guidance	Period / Basis
Operating Expenses	$19.78B	Fiscal semester ending June 2025 (H1 2025)
Operational Expenditure (Decarbonization related)	$181 million	H1 2025
Pilbara Iron Ore Unit Cash Costs	$24.30 per ton	H1 2025
Copper Unit Cost Guidance	80 c/lb to 100 c/lb	2025
Targeted Unit Cost Reduction	4% reduction	From 2024 to 2030

The company reported achieving $650 million in annualized productivity gains in the first quarter following its restructuring, with $370 million already realized.

Exploration and evaluation costs: $334 million pre-tax in H1 2025.

Spending on finding new resources is being prioritized toward copper and lithium. The reported expense for the first half of 2025 shows a shift due to capitalization changes at the Rincon project.

• Pre-tax and pre-divestment expenditure on exploration and evaluation charged to the profit and loss account in H1 2025 was $334 million.
• This compares to $487 million in H1 2024.
• Full year 2025 exploration and evaluation expense is expected to be slightly below the guided $1 billion.

Cost of compliance with environmental and regulatory standards.

Compliance costs are material, spanning both ongoing operational environmental spend and significant capital allocated for decarbonization targets, plus costs related to trade policy.

• Tariff-related costs faced by Rio Tinto Group in H1 2025 amounted to $321 million, largely due to US import duties on Canadian aluminium.
• Scope 1 & 2 CO2 emissions in H1 2025 were 15.6 Mt CO2e.
• Capital estimate for decarbonisation to 2030 has been revised to $1 billion to $2 billion.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Rio Tinto Group (RIO) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

You're looking at the core ways Rio Tinto Group brings in money, which is heavily weighted toward bulk commodities but clearly shifting, so let's map out the numbers from the first half of 2025.

Iron Ore Sales remain the dominant revenue driver, but the realized price was $\mathbf{13\%}$ lower in H1 2025 compared to the prior period, which pressured earnings in that segment, with underlying EBITDA for Iron Ore dropping $\mathbf{24\%}$. Still, the operational recovery in the Pilbara, despite four cyclones in Q1, was strong. For the full year 2025, Pilbara iron ore shipment guidance remains in the range of $\mathbf{323-338 \text{ million mt}}$ on a 100 per cent basis, expected toward the lower end of that range.

The revenue stability seen in H1 2025, with consolidated sales revenue at $\mathbf{\$26.873 \text{ billion}}$, is a direct result of the increasing contribution from other areas, showing the diversification strategy is working.

Here's a snapshot of how the key commodity segments performed in H1 2025 relative to their underlying EBITDA contribution and 2025 outlook:

Commodity Segment	H1 2025 Underlying EBITDA Change (YoY)	2025 Production Guidance Status/Range
Iron Ore	Down $\mathbf{24\%}$	Shipments towards lower end of $\mathbf{323-338 \text{ Mt}}$
Copper	Up $\mathbf{69\%}$	Upgraded to $\mathbf{860-875 \text{ thousand tonnes}}$
Aluminium	Up $\mathbf{50\%}$	Expected at upper end of $\mathbf{3.25-3.45 \text{ million tonnes}}$

Copper Sales are a growing part of the revenue mix. The company upgraded its 2025 copper production guidance to a range of $\mathbf{860,000 \text{ to } 875,000 \text{ tonnes}}$. This segment saw a $\mathbf{69\%}$ rise in underlying EBITDA for the half. Furthermore, the unit cost guidance for copper was revised down to $\mathbf{80-100 \text{ c/lb}}$ for 2025. Copper equivalent production overall rose $\mathbf{6\%}$ year-on-year.

Aluminium Sales also contributed strongly to the resilient financials, with underlying EBITDA for the segment increasing by $\mathbf{50\%}$ in H1 2025. For the full year 2025, aluminium production is expected to hit the upper end of the $\mathbf{3.25-3.45 \text{ million tonnes}}$ guidance range.

Lithium Sales represent a new, strategic revenue stream following the $\mathbf{\$6.7 \text{ billion}}$ acquisition of Arcadium Lithium in March 2025. The company is ramping up its pipeline, with projections for lithium capacity to reach approximately $\mathbf{200 \text{ ktpa}}$ by 2028.

The overall financial picture from the first half of 2025 included these key figures:

• Consolidated sales revenue was $\mathbf{\$26.873 \text{ billion}}$.
• Underlying EBITDA was $\mathbf{\$11.547 \text{ billion}}$.
• Net cash generated from operating activities was $\mathbf{\$6.924 \text{ billion}}$.
• The interim ordinary dividend declared was $\mathbf{\$2.4 \text{ billion}}$.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.