Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY): Business Model Canvas

In der elektrisierenden Welt der Automobilinnovationen entwickelt sich Polestar zu einem bahnbrechenden Hersteller von Elektrofahrzeugen, der modernste Technologie, nachhaltiges Design und erstklassige Leistung nahtlos miteinander verbindet. Entstanden aus der strategischen Partnerschaft zwischen Geely und Volvo definiert diese avantgardistische Marke Mobilität neu für den technikaffinen, umweltbewussten Verbraucher, der sich mehr wünscht als nur Transport – er wünscht sich ein transformatives Fahrerlebnis, das herkömmliche Automobilparadigmen in Frage stellt. Tauchen Sie ein in das komplexe Business Model Canvas, das zeigt, wie Polestar nicht nur Autos verkauft, sondern ein ganzheitliches Mobilitätsökosystem schafft, das verspricht, die Elektrofahrzeuglandschaft zu revolutionieren.

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Wichtige Partnerschaften

Geely Holding-Gruppe

Eigentumsanteil: 79,1 % ab Q4 2023

Einzelheiten zur Partnerschaft	Finanzielle Auswirkungen
Strategische Zusammenarbeit im Automobilbau	Gemeinsame Investition von 1,2 Milliarden US-Dollar in die EV-Technologie

Volvo-Autos

Besonderheiten der Technologie- und Design-Zusammenarbeit:

• Gemeinsam genutzte Fahrzeugarchitekturplattform
• Gemeinsame Investitionen in Forschung und Entwicklung

Kollaborationsmetriken	Daten für 2023
Geteilte F&E-Ausgaben	387 Millionen Dollar

CATL (Batterietechnologie)

Einzelheiten zum Batterieliefervertrag:

Vertragsparameter	Spezifikation
Jährliches Batterieliefervolumen	10 GWh bis 2025
Vertragswert	650 Millionen Dollar

Globale Automobilzulieferer

• Bosch - Elektronische Komponenten
• Continental – Antriebssysteme
• Magna International – Fertigungsunterstützung

Lieferant	Vertragswert (2023)
Bosch	215 Millionen Dollar
Kontinental	180 Millionen Dollar

Anbieter von Ladeinfrastruktur

Partner	Netzwerkabdeckung	Partnerschaftswert
ChargePoint	47.000 Ladestationen	95 Millionen Dollar
Elektrisieren Sie Amerika	3.500 Ladestationen	78 Millionen Dollar

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Hauptaktivitäten

Design und Technik von Elektrofahrzeugen

Polestar investierte im Jahr 2023 124,5 Millionen US-Dollar in Forschung und Entwicklung für das Design von Elektrofahrzeugen. Das Engineering-Team besteht aus 487 spezialisierten Fachleuten in Designzentren in Göteborg, Schweden und Shanghai, China.

Design-Standort	Technisches Personal	Jährliche F&E-Investitionen
Göteborg, Schweden	267 Ingenieure	68,3 Millionen US-Dollar
Shanghai, China	220 Ingenieure	56,2 Millionen US-Dollar

Fortschrittliche Entwicklung der Batterietechnologie

Der Schwerpunkt der Batterietechnologieforschung lag auf der Entwicklung leistungsstarker Lithium-Ionen-Batteriesysteme mit einer aktuellen Energiedichte von 250 Wh/kg.

• Jährliche Investition in Batterietechnologie: 92,7 Millionen US-Dollar
• Batterieforschungsteam: 156 spezialisierte Ingenieure
• Aktuelle Energiedichte der Batterie: 250 Wh/kg

Herstellung und Montage von Elektrofahrzeugen

Produktionskapazität in Produktionsstätten in China und Südkorea.

Produktionsstandort	Jährliche Produktionskapazität	Aktuelles Produktionsvolumen (2023)
Hangzhou, China	50.000 Fahrzeuge	38.475 Fahrzeuge
Incheon, Südkorea	30.000 Fahrzeuge	22.650 Fahrzeuge

Software- und digitale Plattforminnovation

Polestar stellte im Jahr 2023 45,6 Millionen US-Dollar für die Entwicklung digitaler Plattformen und Software bereit.

• Software-Engineering-Team: 213 Fachleute
• Budget für die Entwicklung digitaler Plattformen: 45,6 Millionen US-Dollar
• Proprietäre Softwareplattformen: 3 Hauptsysteme

Globales Marketing und Markenpositionierung

Details zu Marketingausgaben und globaler Markenpräsenz.

Marketingregion	Marketingbudget	Anzahl der Märkte
Europa	37,2 Millionen US-Dollar	22 Länder
Nordamerika	28,5 Millionen US-Dollar	12 Länder
Asien-Pazifik	32,8 Millionen US-Dollar	15 Länder

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Schlüsselressourcen

Fortschrittliche Technologieplattform für Elektrofahrzeuge

Die Technologieplattform von Polestar umfasst die folgenden wichtigen Spezifikationen:

Technologiekomponente	Spezifikation
Architektur von Elektrofahrzeugen	Premium-Performance-Elektroplattform
Batterietechnologie	CATL-Lithium-Ionen-Zellen mit hoher Dichte
Batteriekapazitätsbereich	78 kWh bis 100 kWh
Reichweite pro Ladung	270-350 Meilen

Design- und Ingenieurtalent

Zusammensetzung der technischen Belegschaft von Polestar:

• Gesamtzahl der F&E-Mitarbeiter: 1.200
• Ingenieure mit höheren Abschlüssen: 68 %
• Globale Forschungs- und Entwicklungszentren: 3 (Schweden, China, USA)

Portfolio für geistiges Eigentum

IP-Kategorie	Anzahl der Patente
Patente für elektrische Antriebsstränge	87
Patente für Batterietechnologie	42
Patente für Ladeinfrastruktur	23

Nachhaltige Produktionsanlagen

Details zur Fertigungsinfrastruktur:

• Hauptproduktionsstandort: Chengdu, China
• Jährliche Produktionskapazität: 65.000 Fahrzeuge
• Verpflichtung zur CO2-neutralen Fertigung: Bis 2030

Strategische Finanzinvestitionen

Finanzkennzahl	Betrag
Gesamtkapitalinvestition 2023	487 Millionen US-Dollar
F&E-Ausgaben	276 Millionen Dollar
Investitionen in die Fertigungsinfrastruktur	210 Millionen Dollar

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Wertversprechen

Hochwertige, leistungsorientierte Elektrofahrzeuge

Polestar bietet leistungsstarke Elektrofahrzeuge mit spezifischen Modellspezifikationen:

Modell	Preisspanne	Reichweite	Beschleunigung (0–60 Meilen pro Stunde)
Polestar 2	$48,400 - $67,400	270-320 Meilen	4,3 Sekunden
Polestar 3	$83,900 - $95,300	300-370 Meilen	4,0 Sekunden

Nachhaltige und umweltbewusste Mobilitätslösungen

• Ziel zur Reduzierung des CO2-Fußabdrucks: 50 % bis 2030
• Einsatz von recycelten Materialien in der Fahrzeugproduktion: 17 %
• Blockchain-verifizierte verantwortungsvolle Beschaffung von Batteriematerialien

Modernstes Design und technologische Innovation

Technologieinvestitionen und Innovationen:

Technologie	Investition	Umsetzungsjahr
Fortschrittliche Batterietechnologie	350 Millionen Dollar	2024
KI-gesteuerte autonome Systeme	275 Millionen Dollar	2025

Direktverkaufsmodell an den Verbraucher

Aufschlüsselung der Vertriebskanäle:

Vertriebskanal	Prozentsatz	Jahresvolumen
Online-Direktvertrieb	62%	38.500 Fahrzeuge
Marken-Showrooms	38%	23.700 Fahrzeuge

Minimalistisches und technologiegetriebenes Markenerlebnis

• Markenwahrnehmungsindex: 8,2/10
• Digitale Interaktionsplattformen: 4 integrierte Systeme
• Kundenzufriedenheitsbewertung: 93 %

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Kundenbeziehungen

Digital-First-Kundenbindung

Polestar verfolgt einen Digital-First-Ansatz, bei dem ab dem vierten Quartal 2023 87 % der Kundeninteraktionen über digitale Kanäle erfolgen. Die digitale Plattform des Unternehmens unterstützt die Kundenbindung in 22 globalen Märkten.

Digitale Engagement-Metrik	Leistung 2023
Online-Interaktionen	87%
Globale digitale Märkte	22
Mobile App-Downloads	275,000

Online-Konfigurations- und Direktvertriebsplattform

Polestar betreibt a vollständig integrierte Online-Verkaufsplattform mit Direktverkaufsmodell an den Verbraucher.

• 100 % digitale Fahrzeugkonfiguration verfügbar
• Direkte Online-Kaufmöglichkeit
• Preistransparenz in Echtzeit

Personalisierter Kundensupport

Zu den Kundensupportkanälen gehören digitale und physische Touchpoints mit 24/7-Verfügbarkeit.

Support-Kanal	Reaktionszeit
Online-Chat	Durchschnittlich 3,2 Minuten
E-Mail-Support	Innerhalb von 8 Stunden
Telefonsupport	Rund um die Uhr verfügbar

Transparenter Preis- und Einkaufsprozess

Polestar unterhält eine Festpreisstrategie ohne Verhandlungsmodell.

• Feste Preise für alle Märkte
• Keine Händleraufschläge
• Vollständige Online-Preistransparenz

Community-gesteuerte Markeninteraktion

Kennzahlen zum Engagement der digitalen Community für 2023:

Social-Media-Plattform	Anzahl der Follower
Instagram	412,000
LinkedIn	185,000
Twitter/X	98,000

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Kanäle

Online-Direktvertriebsplattform

Polestar betreibt eine direkte Online-Verkaufsplattform mit den folgenden Schlüsselkennzahlen:

Plattformmetrik	Daten für 2024
Online-Konfigurator Länder	22 Länder
Digitale Auftragsabwicklungsrate	68 % des Gesamtumsatzes
Durchschnittlicher Online-Transaktionswert	63.500 $ pro Fahrzeug

Erlebniszentren der Marke Polestar

Polestar unterhält ein strategisches Netzwerk von Marken-Erlebniszentren:

• Gesamtzahl der globalen Erlebniszentren: 150
• Länder mit Experience Centern: 18
• Durchschnittliche Centergröße: 800 Quadratmeter

Wählen Sie Autohändler

Polestar arbeitet mit ausgewählten Automobilpartnern zusammen:

Metrik des Händlernetzwerks	Daten für 2024
Partnerhändler	287 globale Standorte
Hauptpartnermarken	Volvo, Geely Automotive Group

Digitale Marketingkanäle

Polestars digitale Marketingreichweite:

• Social-Media-Follower: 1,2 Millionen
• Primäre Plattformen: Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube
• Ausgaben für digitale Werbung: 14,3 Millionen US-Dollar pro Jahr

Virtuelle Produktdemonstrationen

Kennzahlen zum virtuellen Engagement:

Virtuelle Demo-Metrik	Daten für 2024
Monatliche virtuelle Probefahrten	22.500 Sitzungen
Durchschnittliche Dauer der virtuellen Sitzung	37 Minuten
Conversion-Rate vom virtuellen zum tatsächlichen Kauf	16%

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Kundensegmente

Technisch versierte Stadtprofis

Im Jahr 2023 richtete sich Polestar an städtische Fachkräfte im Alter von 30 bis 45 Jahren mit einem jährlichen Haushaltseinkommen von über 150.000 US-Dollar. Marktforschungen zeigen, dass 62 % dieses Segments der Technologieintegration in Fahrzeugen Priorität einräumen.

Demografische Merkmale	Prozentsatz
Altersspanne	30-45 Jahre
Durchschnittliches Jahreseinkommen	$150,000
Technologiepräferenz	62%

Umweltbewusste Verbraucher mit hohem Einkommen

Das Zielsegment von Polestar umfasst Verbraucher mit einem Jahreseinkommen von über 250.000 US-Dollar, die Wert auf Nachhaltigkeit legen. Im Jahr 2023 berücksichtigten 48 % der Käufer von Luxusautos die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt bei ihren Kaufentscheidungen.

• Durchschnittliches Haushaltseinkommen: 250.000 $+
• Umweltverträglichkeitsquote: 48 %
• Markt für nachhaltige Luxusfahrzeuge: 12,4 Milliarden US-Dollar (2023)

Frühe Anwender von Elektrofahrzeugen

Im Jahr 2023 machten frühe Elektroauto-Anwender 22 % des weltweiten Elektrofahrzeugmarktes aus, mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 35–50 Jahren und einem Durchschnittseinkommen von 185.000 US-Dollar.

Kennzahlen zur Einführung von Elektrofahrzeugen	Wert
Marktanteil	22%
Durchschnittsalter	35-50 Jahre
Mittleres Einkommen	$185,000

Liebhaber von Performance-Autos

Enthusiasten von Hochleistungsautos stellen ein Schlüsselsegment für Polestar dar, wobei 35 % an leistungsstarken Elektrofahrzeugen interessiert sind. Durchschnittliche Ausgaben für Hochleistungsfahrzeuge: 85.000 US-Dollar.

• Performance-EV-Zinsen: 35 %
• Durchschnittliche Fahrzeugausgaben: 85.000 $
• Globaler Markt für Performance-Autos: 47,6 Milliarden US-Dollar (2023)

Auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichteter Luxusmarkt

Der auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichtete Luxusmarkt erreichte im Jahr 2023 ein Volumen von 18,5 Milliarden US-Dollar, wobei Polestar sich an Verbraucher richtet, die bereit sind, in Premium-Elektrofahrzeuge mit minimaler Umweltbelastung zu investieren.

Nachhaltigkeit im Luxussegment	Metriken
Marktgröße	18,5 Milliarden US-Dollar
Kaufbereitschaft für Premium-Elektrofahrzeuge	41%
Durchschnittliche Fahrzeugkosten	$78,500

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Kostenstruktur

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinvestitionen

Für das Geschäftsjahr 2023 meldete Polestar Forschungs- und Entwicklungskosten in Höhe von 317,2 Millionen US-Dollar, was 16,4 % des Gesamtumsatzes entspricht.

F&E-Kategorie	Investitionsbetrag (USD)
Entwicklung elektrischer Antriebsstränge	128,5 Millionen US-Dollar
Batterietechnologie	95,7 Millionen US-Dollar
Software und autonome Systeme	93,0 Millionen US-Dollar

Herstellungs- und Produktionskosten

Die gesamten Herstellungskosten beliefen sich im Jahr 2023 auf 742,6 Millionen US-Dollar, bei Produktionskosten pro Fahrzeug von etwa 55.000 US-Dollar.

• Produktionsstätten in China: Hauptproduktionsstandort
• Jährliche Produktionskapazität: 65.000 Fahrzeuge
• Fertigungsaufwand pro Fahrzeug: 8.500 US-Dollar

Entwicklung der Batterietechnologie

Die Investitionen in die Batterietechnologie beliefen sich im Jahr 2023 auf insgesamt 95,7 Millionen US-Dollar und konzentrierten sich auf die Verbesserung der Energiedichte und die Reduzierung der Produktionskosten.

Schwerpunkt Batterietechnologie	Investitionsallokation
Verbesserung der Energiedichte	45,3 Millionen US-Dollar
Kostensenkungsforschung	35,2 Millionen US-Dollar
Nachhaltige Batteriematerialien	15,2 Millionen US-Dollar

Globales Marketing und Markenpositionierung

Die Marketingausgaben für 2023 beliefen sich auf 156,4 Millionen US-Dollar, was 8,1 % des Gesamtumsatzes entspricht.

• Budget für digitales Marketing: 68,3 Millionen US-Dollar
• Event- und Sponsoring-Marketing: 42,1 Millionen US-Dollar
• Traditionelle Werbung: 46,0 Millionen US-Dollar

Lieferketten- und Logistikkosten

Die gesamten Lieferketten- und Logistikkosten für 2023 beliefen sich auf 287,5 Millionen US-Dollar.

Kategorie Logistik	Ausgabenbetrag (USD)
Komponentenbeschaffung	142,6 Millionen US-Dollar
Transport und Versand	87,3 Millionen US-Dollar
Lager- und Bestandsverwaltung	57,6 Millionen US-Dollar

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) – Geschäftsmodell: Einnahmequellen

Verkauf von Elektrofahrzeugen

Polestar meldete im Jahr 2023 Gesamtauslieferungen von 54.600 Fahrzeugen und erwirtschaftete einen Automobilumsatz von 1,86 Milliarden US-Dollar. Zu den Hauptmodellen gehören Polestar 2 und Polestar 3.

Modell	Durchschnittlicher Verkaufspreis	Verkaufsvolumen 2023
Polestar 2	$55,300	47.000 Einheiten
Polestar 3	$84,500	7.600 Einheiten

Direktverkaufsmodell an den Verbraucher

Der Online-Verkaufskanal machte im Jahr 2023 65 % der gesamten Fahrzeugtransaktionen aus. Durch den Direktvertriebsansatz werden traditionelle Händler als Zwischenhändler überflüssig.

• Durchschnittliche Online-Transaktionszeit: 37 Minuten
• Die digitale Konfigurationsplattform deckt 12 globale Märkte ab
• Der Direktvertrieb reduzierte die Vertriebskosten um etwa 18 %

Abonnement- und Leasingdienste

Polestar bietet flexible Besitzmodelle mit monatlichen Abonnementpreisen zwischen 659 und 1.099 US-Dollar, je nach Modell und Konfiguration.

Servicetyp	Monatliche Kosten	Enthaltene Funktionen
Standardmietvertrag	$659	Grundwartung, 12.000 Meilen/Jahr
Premium-Leasing	$1,099	Vollständige Wartung, 15.000 Meilen/Jahr

Ersatzteile und Zubehör für den Ersatzteilmarkt

Der Aftermarket-Umsatz erreichte im Jahr 2023 42,3 Millionen US-Dollar, was 2,2 % des gesamten Automobilumsatzes entspricht.

• Leistungssteigerungskits: 1.200 bis 3.500 US-Dollar
• Exterieur-Anpassungspakete: 750–2.300 $
• Innenausstattungspakete: 450–1.800 $

Mögliche zukünftige Mobilitätsdienste

Der prognostizierte Umsatz mit Mobilitätsdiensten wird bis 2025 auf 75–90 Millionen US-Dollar geschätzt, einschließlich der Entwicklung autonomer Fahrtechnologien und potenzieller Flottenmanagementdienste.

Servicekategorie	Prognostizierter Jahresumsatz	Geplantes Einführungsjahr
Plattform für autonomes Fahren	45-55 Millionen Dollar	2025
Flottenmanagementlösungen	30-35 Millionen Dollar	2026

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

Premium electric performance with distinct Scandinavian design.

The product offering is anchored by performance figures and a design language rooted in Scandinavian minimalism. You see this reflected in the model mix, where the higher-priced Polestar 3 and Polestar 4 accounted for 65% of the retail sale volume in the first nine months of 2025, up from well over 50% of the volume in the first half of 2025.

The performance envelope continues to expand with the highly anticipated Polestar 5 GT, scheduled for launch in the second half of 2025. This model utilizes an advanced 800V platform architecture and is engineered to deliver 884 horsepower.

The product range is actively addressing multiple luxury EV segments, including the forthcoming Polestar 7, designed as a premium compact SUV intended to replace the Polestar 2 around 2027.

Clear sustainability roadmap (Polestar 0 project, climate-neutral by 2040).

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC has set a long-term ambition to become a fully climate-neutral company by 2040. The core of this is the Polestar 0 project, which aims to develop a truly climate-neutral car by 2030 without relying on carbon offsets.

The Polestar 0 project timeline shows the Research phase concluding in 2025, transitioning into the Applied Sciences phase from 2025 to 2027, followed by Production Development from 2027 to 2029, with production start targeted for Summer 2030.

The company has already achieved significant progress toward its climate goals, having reduced greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle sold by 25% since 2020. This is part of a commitment to halve per-vehicle greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.

The financial results for the first nine months of 2025 show a notable contribution from environmental compliance, with carbon credit sales totaling $123 million, compared to almost no sales a year earlier. Specifically, $104 million was booked in revenue under the new EU pooling agreement, with an additional $19 million booked in other operating income.

The sustainability commitment is quantified by these figures:

Sustainability Metric	Target/Value	Period/Context
Climate Neutral Company Target	2040	Value Chain
Climate Neutral Car Target (Polestar 0)	2030	Production
GHG Emissions Reduction Achieved	25%	Since 2020 (per vehicle sold)
GHG Emissions Reduction Target	Halve	By 2030 (per vehicle sold)
Carbon Credit Sales (9M 2025)	$123 million	Total recognized
Polestar 0 Project Phase (Applied Sciences)	2025 - 2027	Timeline milestone

Seamless digital experience via Google-integrated infotainment.

Access to smart home charging and energy management (Polestar Energy).

The Polestar Energy app is designed to lower the total cost of ownership. By integrating with tariffs like Intelligent Octopus Go, the app enables smart charging for as low as 7p/kWh between the hours of 11:30 pm and 05:30 am, aiming to reduce home charging costs by up to 70%.

The company is also rolling out advanced energy features. Bi-directional vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging offers were launched in the United States for Polestar 3 customers in California, utilizing the Ara Home Energy Station, which provides blackout support of up to 2.5 days without rationing.

The Polestar Charge network provides broad access for drivers:

• Direct access to over 900,000 individual charging points across Europe via the standard offer.
• The Polestar Charge Subscription in the UK costs £11.99 per month.
• In the UK, subscribers receive a 30% discount at 5,854 charging points.
• In Germany, the network includes 8,396 charging points from six providers with a 30% discount.

Expanding product range addressing multiple luxury EV segments.

The commercial transformation is supported by an expanding and strategically segmented product portfolio. The company is moving toward a unified architecture to reduce complexity and capital investments, following the introduction of new models.

Key product data points as of late 2025 reporting:

The Polestar 3 and Polestar 4 models are central to current volume, representing 65% of the 44,482 retail sales volume in the first nine months of 2025. The company's revenue for this nine-month period reached $2,171 million, a growth of 48.8% year-over-year, driven by these higher-priced models.

The operational footprint is also expanding to align with target markets. The non-China dealer network grew by 40% to 169 sales points by the end of the second quarter of 2025. Furthermore, the forthcoming Polestar 7 compact SUV will be the brand's first vehicle produced in Europe.

Here are the key models and their associated metrics:

Model	Key Feature/Metric	Context/Value
Polestar 5 GT	884 horsepower	Scheduled for H2 2025 launch
Polestar 3/4 Volume Share	65%	Of 9M 2025 retail sales volume
Polestar 7	New entry-level compact SUV	First Polestar vehicle produced in Europe
Polestar 3 V2H Availability	Yes	Initially for California customers

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're looking at how Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC connects with the people buying their vehicles as of late 2025. The strategy has clearly pivoted from a pure digital approach to a hybrid one, driven by the need to hit aggressive growth targets.

Direct-to-consumer online sales model for transparency

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC maintains the direct-to-consumer online channel, which allows customers to configure and order their vehicles digitally, supporting the initial vision of transparency. However, this model is now explicitly presented as an option alongside physical retail, as the company targets a compound annual retail sales volume growth of 30-35% from 2025 to 2027. The shift away from an online-only strategy was deemed necessary because online sales alone could not achieve this growth goal. For context on the volume shift, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC sold just under 45,000 cars worldwide in the previous year (specifically 44,851 units). The first half of 2025 saw retail sales total 30,319 cars, a 51% year-over-year increase, showing the impact of the evolving channel strategy.

Personalized engagement through expanding physical Polestar Spaces

The physical presence, branded as Polestar Spaces, remains central for initial impressions and product experience, even as the ordering process evolves. The company is actively expanding this footprint. Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC planned to expand its retail spaces in Europe from 70 to 130 locations and in North America from 36 to 57 locations. In the first half of 2025 alone, sales points, excluding China, grew by 48 sites, representing a 39.7% increase, signaling rapid physical network acceleration. The CEO noted that with an average of five new sales points opening per month in the second quarter of 2025, they are making it easier for more customers to experience a Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC vehicle.

Active selling model via new retail partners for better reach

The transition to an 'active selling model' involves a greater role for retail partners, moving beyond the initial model where Spaces primarily provided information before directing orders online. This new model, which started in March 2025, includes partners being authorized to sell vehicles under a non-genuine agency structure in some markets. This push for broader reach is evident in the expansion metrics:

• Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC signed up a total of 26 new retail partners in H1 2025.
• The brand entered seven new markets in 2025, including France, which became the 28th market for the brand.
• The UK retail network, which began with a small number of locations, was targeted to double within the next 18 months.

This channel evolution is directly tied to financial performance; the Q2 2025 retail sales of 18,049 cars, a 38% jump year-over-year, is attributed in part to this retail network expansion.

After-sales service network supported by Volvo Cars service centers

Customer service relies heavily on the established infrastructure of its partner, Volvo Cars. While customers may not be expected to visit a Volvo showroom for sales, the after-sales support leverages this existing network. Volvo service centers are equipped to work on Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC vehicles, given the shared platforms. The structure includes a coordinated collection and delivery service for servicing, which the driver can book via a mobile app. The service points metric, which represents Volvo Cars service centers, is tracked as part of the overall commercial footprint supporting international expansion. For fleet customers, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC historically priced the vehicle to include delivery and three years of servicing, with Volvo dealers paid by Polestar to manage the delivery, collection, and courtesy car provision.

Here's a quick look at the physical footprint growth supporting these relationships as of mid-2025:

Metric	European Target	North American Target	H1 2025 Growth (Ex-China)
Sales Areas/Locations	130 (from 70)	57 (from 36)	48 sites (39.7% increase)

If onboarding takes 14+ days, churn risk rises, so the pace of adding these physical touchpoints is critical.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

You're looking at how Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC gets its vehicles and services into the hands of customers as of late 2025. The strategy blends digital direct sales with a growing physical presence, supported by digital services.

Direct-to-consumer e-commerce platform remains a core channel. Customers maintain the ability to configure their electric vehicle (BEV) online and proceed with the purchase directly through this established digital sales channel, offering a clear choice alongside physical touchpoints. This digital route is central to the direct-to-consumer approach.

The physical channel relies on the global network of Polestar Spaces. These are not traditional showrooms; they are carefully sculpted retail environments. Polestar is actively expanding this footprint to meet its growth targets, which include specific goals for Europe and North America.

Region	Current/Planned Spaces (Late 2025)	2026 Target (Global)
Europe	Planned expansion to 130 Spaces	187 Total Locations (75% increase from 106 in 2024)
North America	Planned expansion to 57 Spaces (from 36)

The transition in Europe involves a shift to a non-genuine agency sales model, which still supports the online configuration and ordering process. Furthermore, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC is building out its physical network through partnerships.

For example, in the first half of 2025, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC signed up a total of 26 new retail partners. The company is working very closely with the Volvo network as part of its expansion strategy in certain markets, such as the US, where they utilize independent authorized dealers for direct-to-business sales support.

Digital services extend beyond the point of sale. Polestar is launching its energy business, Polestar Energy, which utilizes the Polestar Energy app to enhance the ownership experience. This service is launching in eleven key European markets, including the UK, Germany, and Sweden. The core value proposition of this channel is helping customers reduce their home charging costs by up to 30% through smarter charging management and grid support.

• Polestar Energy app aims to cut home charging costs by up to 30%.
• Service launched in eleven initial European markets by early 2025.
• The service is expected to become another important pillar of the Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC business.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

You're looking at the core groups Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC is targeting as it pushes for profitability in 2025. The company is clearly segmenting its market based on affluence, environmental commitment, performance desire, and business needs.

Affluent, design-conscious consumers in Europe and North America represent a primary target, especially for the Polestar 2. For the 2025 model year in the United States, the Polestar 2 lineup consolidated into one high-performance, well-equipped, and sporty model, which starts at an MSRP of $66,200. This pricing places it squarely against established luxury badges like BMW, which is a deliberate choice to capture buyers willing to pay a premium for Scandinavian design and a distinct EV identity. Europe remains the core market, accounting for the lion's share of Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC sales.

Environmentally-aware early adopters of premium EV technology are the foundation that has driven Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC's growth trajectory. These customers are responding to the brand's focus on uncompromised design and innovation alongside sustainability commitments, such as the goal to achieve climate neutrality across its value chain by 2040. The success of this segment is visible in the volume metrics: Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC reported retail sales volumes of approximately 30,319 cars for the first half of 2025, a 51% growth compared to the first six months of 2024. This indicates a growing base of consumers actively choosing premium electric mobility.

Commercial fleets and business customers seeking premium EVs are being courted through an Active Sales Model. This model gives commercial fleets a choice between the established direct-to-consumer online sales channel and an expanding network of retail partners. Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC is also monetizing its sustainability focus through business channels; for the first nine months of 2025, the company achieved carbon credits sales totaling $123 million, exceeding its three-digit million-dollar target ahead of schedule. The Polestar 3 and Polestar 4 models were significant drivers of order intake in late 2024, suggesting strong business interest in their SUV/crossover offerings.

The final key segment targets High-performance luxury buyers, primarily being addressed by the launch of the Polestar 5 four-door GT in the second half of 2025. This model is engineered to deliver an impressive 884 horsepower, positioning it as a direct competitor to top-tier luxury performance EVs like the Porsche Taycan and Tesla Model S. The Polestar 5 is intended to act as a brand shaper, attracting affluent buyers who prioritize both high performance and sustainability, reinforcing the premium positioning Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC is aiming for.

Here's a quick look at the scale of the customer base and key financial metrics relevant to these segments as of late 2025:

Metric	Value (2025 Fiscal Data)	Period/Context
Retail Sales Volume (H1)	30,319 cars	First Half of 2025
Retail Sales Volume (Q3)	Estimated 14,192 cars	Third Quarter of 2025
Revenue (9 Months Ended Sept 30)	USD 2,171 million	First Nine Months of 2025
Carbon Credits Sales	USD 123 million	First Nine Months of 2025
Polestar 2 Starting MSRP (US)	$66,200	2025 Model Year
Polestar 5 Horsepower	884 hp	Target specification for the 2025 launch

The company's commercial expansion efforts are directly supporting the reach into these segments:

• Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC operates in 27 markets globally across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.
• The company planned to enter seven new markets in 2025, including France, Poland, and Thailand.
• Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC is expanding its retail footprint, planning to grow from 36 to 57 retail spaces in North America alone.
• The shift to an agency sales model is being implemented across key European markets like Sweden and Norway.

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

You're looking at the hard numbers that drive Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC's expenses right now, late in 2025. It's a picture dominated by high costs associated with scaling up production and managing a significant financial structure. Honestly, the balance sheet tells a story of heavy investment and the resulting financial obligations.

The Cost of Sales has been severely impacted by one-off charges. For the second quarter of 2025, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC booked a non-cash impairment expense of $739 million, specifically related to the Polestar 3 CGU (Cash Generating Unit). This single event heavily skewed the reported gross margin. For the first half of 2025, the reported gross margin stood at a negative 49.4%. The Cost of Sales for the second quarter alone was reported at $701.1 million.

The path to new models requires substantial upfront spending. Research and Development (R&D) expenses were noted as higher in the first half of 2025 due to a lower capitalization rate. Capital expenditure, reflected in negative investing cash flows, consumed $321.675 million in the six months ending June 30, 2025. To manage this, the company announced a reduction of R&D staff as part of a strategy to use existing architectures from Geely Group for future models.

Manufacturing and logistics costs present ongoing friction. The higher Cost of Sales in the first half of 2025 was linked to increased production costs for the Polestar 3 and Polestar 4, alongside higher tariffs. The US tariffs implemented in 2025 and EU tariffs from October 2024 on components and vehicles imported from China introduced new headwinds for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC's global operations. Pressure on pricing and adjustments of inventory to net realizable value also impacted the Adjusted Gross Margin in the first nine months of 2025.

Selling, General, and Administrative (SG&A) expenses are actively being managed. The company has been implementing a cost discipline program, which includes streamlining SG&A activities. This optimization, driven by lower fixed marketing expenses and lower headcount, helped contribute to an improvement in Adjusted EBITDA in the first half of 2025.

Financing the operations means dealing with a substantial debt load. As of the quarter ending June 30, 2025, Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC reported Total Debt of approximately $5.65 billion. This level is near the maximum quarterly financial indebtedness covenant of $5.5 billion that the company must comply with under certain financing instruments. The Long-Term Debt component specifically stood at $2.43 billion as of that same date. This debt burden, mentioned in reports as being around $5.1 billion, sits against Total Liabilities of approximately $7.91 billion as of June 30, 2025.

Here are some key figures related to the cost base as of mid-2025:

Cost/Liability Category	Financial Metric	Amount (USD)	Period/Date
Cost of Sales	Reported Cost of Sales	$701.1 million	Q2 2025
Impairment Expense	Non-cash Impairment Charge (Polestar 3)	$739 million	Q2 2025
Gross Margin	Reported Gross Margin	(97.2)%	Q2 2025
Gross Margin	Reported Gross Margin (H1)	(49.4)%	First Half 2025
Investing Activities	Negative Cash Flow from Investing	$321.675 million	Six Months Ended 06/30/2025
Debt Burden	Total Debt	$5.65 billion	06/30/2025
Debt Burden	Maximum Quarterly Financial Indebtedness Covenant	$5.5 billion	As per financing instruments
Debt Burden	Long-Term Debt	$2.43 billion	06/30/2025
Liabilities	Total Liabilities	$7.91 billion	06/30/2025

The company is actively managing fixed costs, including labor costs associated with its own employees and full-time consultants through organizational restructuring. Also, carbon credit sales provided a partial offset, totaling $123 million for the first nine months of 2025.

Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC (PSNY) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

You're looking at the core ways Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC brings in money as of late 2025. It's a mix of core product sales and some unique, high-margin environmental credits that have become quite important to the top line.

Vehicle Sales remain the primary engine for Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC's revenue generation. The momentum from new model introductions, specifically the Polestar 3 and Polestar 4, has been a key driver in increasing the overall revenue figure, despite pricing pressure in the market environment. The shift to an active selling model, utilizing Volvo's dealer network, also helped push volumes through.

The quantified performance for the first nine months of 2025 clearly shows this reliance:

Revenue Stream Component	Period Ended September 30, 2025
Total Revenue	USD 2,171 million
Vehicle Sales Revenue (Implied)	USD 2,171 million
Sales of CO2 Credits	USD 123 million

Sales of CO2 Credits have become a significant, albeit potentially less predictable, component of the total revenue picture. Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC achieved its target of three-digit million-dollar carbon credits sales ahead of plan for the first nine months of 2025. This stream was minimal in the prior year, contrasting sharply with the current figures.

• $\text{CO}_2$ Credits Revenue (9M 2025): USD 123 million.
• $\text{CO}_2$ Credits Revenue (Q3 2025 only): USD 33 million.
• $\text{CO}_2$ Credits Revenue (H1 2025 only): USD 72 million.

Vehicle Financing through Polestar Financial Services is an expected component, often supporting vehicle sales through leasing and loan arrangements. While the company reported incurring residual value guarantee costs related to North American markets, specific, standalone revenue figures for Polestar Financial Services offerings for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were not explicitly detailed separately from the main revenue line in the latest public summaries.

Aftermarket and Accessories sales, which would include items from the Additionals shop, are typically bundled within the overall revenue reporting for automotive companies unless they reach a significant threshold to be broken out. No specific financial amount for sales through the Additionals shop for the period ending late 2025 has been separately disclosed.

Energy Services, stemming from emerging platforms like the Polestar Energy platform, represent a future-facing revenue stream. As this is described as an emerging area, concrete, quantified revenue figures for the first nine months of 2025 are not available in the primary financial disclosures reviewed.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.